Technology In Action PDF

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If this PowerPoint presentation contains mathematical equations, you may need to check that your computer has the following installed: 1) MathType Plugin 2) Math Player (free versions available) 3) NVDA Reader (free versions available) 1 The learning objectives are: 1.1 Describe various technological tools being used to impact national and global issues. 1.2 Describe various global social issues that are being affected by technology. 1.3 Describe how technology is changing how and why we connect and collaborate with others. 1.4 Summarize how technology has impacted the way we choose and consume products and services. 1.5 Characterize computer literacy and explain why it is important to be computer literate. 2 Additional learning objectives are: 1.6 Describe artificial intelligence systems and explain their main goals. 1.7 Describe how artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies are important in many careers. 1.8 Define ethics and describe various ethical systems. 1.9 Describe influences on the development of your personal ethics. 1.10 Present examples of how technology creates ethical challenges. 3  Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram enable people to connect and exchange ideas. These same tools are also bringing together people facing similar problems to fight for social change. Crisis-mapping tools collect information and then maps it, instantly making the information publicly available. 4  Health Care The global pandemic brought by the COVID- 19 virus infected millions, with catastrophic public health and economic consequences. Scientific visualization tools help scientists develop tests for antibodies for specific viruses. Computationally intense modeling software helps researchers increase the pace of vaccine discovery. Environment Tagged with geographical information, data could alert scientists to new trends in our environment. 5 There is a great gap in the levels of Internet access and the availability of technical tools in different regions of the world. The term coined for this difference in ease of access to technology is the digital divide. One danger of a digital divide is that it prevents us from using all the minds on the planet to solve the planet’s problems. 6  As more web applications appeared that allowed everyone to become a “creator” of the web, a new kind of Internet came into being. Nicknamed Web 2.0, it had a set of new features and functionality that allowed users to contribute content easily and to be easily connected to each other. Now everyone could collaborate internationally at the click of a mouse. Cognitive surplus is the combination of leisure time and the tools to be creative. 7  One of the most profound ways we can connect with each other is to support other people’s dreams. Crowdfunding asks for small donations from a large number of people. 8  Technology is changing how to decide what to purchase and how we actually purchase goods and services. Influencers are YouTube personalities with huge followings and high levels of interaction with their followers. Marketers are aware of the phenomenon of crowdsourcing (checking in with the voice of the crowd.) 9  Access vs. ownership: Even the idea of ownership is evolving thanks to new technologies. Items like cars and bicycles can become “subscriptions” instead of large one-time purchases. ZipCar allows people to use shared cars. Citi Bike allows people to share bikes in a metropolitan area. Collaborative consumption implies that we are joining together as a group to use a specific product more efficiently. Long Description: The center of the image shows a circle with text: sharing economy in it. And this circle is surrounded by four different circles. The circle on the top is task rabbit, on the left is citi bikes, on the right is air b n b, and at the bottom is uber or lyft. 10 Computer literacy means you understand the capabilities and limitations of computers and you know how to use them safely and efficiently. 11 Examples of what it means to be a savvy computer user and consumer: Avoiding hackers and viruses Protecting your privacy Understanding the real risks Using the web wisely Avoiding online annoyances Ability to maintain, upgrade, and troubleshoot a computer Keeping up to date 12 Examples of what it means to be a savvy computer user and consumer: Avoiding hackers and viruses Protecting your privacy Understanding the real risks Using the web wisely Avoiding online annoyances Ability to maintain, upgrade, and troubleshoot a computer Keeping up to date 13  Intelligence is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. Sociologists point to characteristics that make human beings intelligent, such as learning from experiences, reasoning, problem solving, perception, and using language. Artificial intelligence (A I) is a branch of computer science that focuses on creating computer systems or computer-controlled machines able to perform tasks usually associated with human intelligence. 14 Many information technology developments have contributed to the functional A I systems that we have today, including expert systems, artificial neural networks, and advances in machine learning. Expert systems, computer programs that mimic the experience of human experts. Artificial neural networks are designed based on the structure of the human brain, which is a network of loosely connected neurons. Machine learning does not need to be specifically programmed, but instead, it analyzes patterns in data and then uses the patterns to draw conclusions and adjust actions accordingly. Deep learning (D L) is a subset of the M L field that describes systems capable of learning from 15 mistakes, just as humans do. 15 Businesses use a technique known as data mining, the process of searching huge amounts of data with the hope of finding a pattern. Managers can use mined data to for example, determine that if a certain product is to sell well, they must lower its price—especially if they cut the price at one store and see sales increase. Data mining allows retailers to respond to consumer buying patterns. Long Description: A graphic titled data accumulation shows: 1,168 photos uploaded to Instagram per second, 10,053 tweets sent in one second on Twitter, 103,173 searches per second on Google, 153,607 G B of Internet traffic per second, and 96,111 videos viewed on YouTube each second. 16  Credit card processors and banks use AI systems to analyze huge volumes of transaction data to spot fraud. The transportation industry has used autopilots on commercial airplanes for years, and autonomous vehicles should soon be available. Many robots are deployed in industrial settings doing hazardous, repetitive, or boring tasks. 17  Education uses computer technology. Intelligent personal assistants assist students with their individualized learning plans (I L Ps). They can speed up the grading process. They are being used as plagiarism checkers. 18  Computers are being used in police cars and crime labs to solve an increasing number of crimes. Facial reconstruction systems can turn a skull into a finished digital image of a face, allowing quick identification. A law enforcement specialty called computer forensics is growing in importance in order to fight modern crime. Computer forensics analyzes computer systems with specific techniques to gather potential legal evidence. 19  AI can help doctors quickly diagnose conditions with which they’re not familiar. AI is also being integrated directly into patient information systems. The design and construction of prosthetic devices is another area of medicine impacted by modern technology. 20  Researchers have developed a system to help improve interpersonal skills for people with autism. M A C H (My Automated Conversation CoacH) is a computer system that generates an on-screen person that can conduct a job interview or appear ready for a first date. Affective computing is computing that can recognize and simulate human emotions. Engineers work to create computers that process data faster. Psychologists and computer scientists are working toward a more complete understanding of human behavior. 21  Ethics is the study of the general nature of morals and of the specific moral choices individuals make. Laws are formal, written standards designed to apply to everyone. Unethical behavior is not conforming to a set of approved standards of behavior. Amoral behavior occurs when a person has no sense of right and wrong. 22 Determining your personal ethics involves: Describe yourself. List the key principles you believe in. Identify external influences. Consider why. Prepare a statement of values. Long Description: In the middle is your ethical behavior. On the top of it is a family with text: don't litter, on the left is a religion with text: don’t tell lies, on the right is experience with text: don’t speed or you’ll get a ticket, and on the bottom are teachers with text: don’t cheat on tests or you’ll fail. 23  Intellectual property is work that is the result of someone’s creativity and knowledge. It is protected by copyright law and documented by copyrights, patents, and trademarks. The control and privacy of information will continue to be a fine balancing act for the foreseeable future. 24  Predictive policing is the gathering of data from different sources, analyzing it, and then using the results to prevent future crime. Another social justice issue affected by technology is whether there are things, such as military and government secrets and communication related to ongoing negotiations with foreign governments, the public does not have a right to see. 3D printing can lead to quality control issues. Various countries have different policies on website blocking. 25  Hacktivism is using computers and computer networks in a subversive way. Hacktivism often manifests itself as denial-of-service attacks. Automobiles now contain sophisticated robotic systems to exercise control over the vehicle. But who controls the ethical constraints by which automated robotic machinery like this operates? Consider a selection between a set of bad choices. You suddenly find that you either have to brake, knowing you will still hit the school bus ahead of you, swerve into oncoming traffic, or swerve to the other side into a tree. 26 27