Sports First Aid Care PDF

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Sports First Aid Care FIRST AID CARE The temporary and immediate care given to an injured or suddenly ill person until medical treatment can be obtained. Does not replace physicians, nurses, or paramedics. A primary principle is to activate the EMS (Emergenc...

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Sports First Aid Care FIRST AID CARE The temporary and immediate care given to an injured or suddenly ill person until medical treatment can be obtained. Does not replace physicians, nurses, or paramedics. A primary principle is to activate the EMS (Emergency Medical Services) system in all cases of serious injury. FIRST AID CARE PURPOSE OF FIRST AID (5P’s) Preserve life. Prevent further harm/worsening. Promote recovery. Provide pain relief. Provide reassurance. PRINCIPLE AIMS OF FIRST AID Recognize life-threatening situations. Activate the EMS system. Supply artificial ventilation and circulation. Control bleeding. Minimize further injury and complications. Prevent infection. Make the victim as comfortable as possible. UNIVERSAL FIRST AID PROCEDURES Observe the scene upon approach. Keep yourself and others at the scene safe (if it is not safe, or anytime becomes unsafe, GET OUT !) Activate the EMS system (life-threathening condition). Gain access to the victim Provide basic life support to those whose lives are threatened; provide care to those most seriously injured first. ACTIVATING THE EMS SYSTEM During the first minutes after an accident, it is essential that the EMS system be activated (send a responsible bystander to call 999). Give the following information to the dispatcher: The exact location of the victim The phone number where you can be reached Any information about the victim that will help the dispatcher send appropriate personnel and equipment. If you’re alone, activate the EMS system immediately after you determine unresponsiveness of the victim (in the case of unconscious infant/child, provide 2 minutes of rescue support before you activate the EMS system). If no telephone is available, continue giving first aid care until a bystander is available to activate the EMS system. INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION An infectious (communicable) disease can be transmitted from person to person, or from animals or the environment to people. All body fluids should be considered potentially infectious. Saliva Blood Vaginal secretions Semen Amniotic fluid Fluids that lubricate internal organs, the spine, joints, and tendons. INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION All of the following symptoms should be considered potentially infectious: A rash or skin lesion An open sore Diarrhea Vomiting Coughing or sneezing Draining or oozing wounds Headache with a stiff neck Yellowish skin or eyes Not all patients who are infectious will show observable signs of disease, therefore you should avoid all contact with all body fluids from all patients. INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION DISEASES OF CONCERN IN AN EMERGERNCY MEDICAL SETTING Bloodborne diseases are of particular concern: Hepatitis B and C: A viral infection of the liver; can lead to permanent liver damage or cancer. HIV: This virus suppresses the immune system; may lead to AIDS, which is eventually fatal. DISEASES OF CONCERN IN AN EMERGERNCY MEDICAL SETTING Other diseases of concern include: Herpes: Highly contagious infection of the skin and mucous membranes. Tuberculosis: Severe lung infection. Meningitis: Infection of the membranes in the brain and spinal cord. PROTECTION AGAINST INFECTION Keep immunizations current. Wear disposable protective gloves whenever you have direct contact with a victim. Do not use gloves that are discolored, brittle, puncture, or torn. Wear additional disposable protective gear such as face mask, protective eyewear, and a gown. Wash hands thoroughly after providing care, even if you were wearing gloves. Avoid touching your mouth, nose, eyes, or personal items until after hand washing. Cover any abrasions or skin conditions you have with protective clothing or gloves. Use a pocket mask if possible when giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Seek immediate care if you’re exposed to blood or body fluids. Dispose all contaminated items properly (never reuse disposable items). PROTECTION AGAINST INFECTION FIRST AID KIT ITEMS FIRST AID MANUAL TRIANGULAR BANDAGE Quick reference for first aider during an Used to make slings, stabilized injuries emergency. and splints. STERILE WATER STERILE GAUZE PADS Can provide irrigation of wounds or To cover minor wound. chemical burns. g TWEEZER BAND-AIDS/PLASTER Removal of glass, metals, splinters and To cover minor wounds. ticks. b SCISSOR CPR FACE SHIELD To cut dressings, bandages and clothing. Protect against potential infection during rescue breathing/CPR. FIRST AID KIT ITEMS GAUZE ROLLER BANDAGE ANTISEPTIC/ALCOHOL WIPES Wrapping head wounds and secure Clean hands and clean around wound. dressing. f SAFETY PINS ADHESIVE TAPE Help create sling, secure dressing. Secure dressing and splints. f h PROTECTIVE GLOVES YELLOW LOTION Protect against potentially infected blood Control infections in skin wounds, dries and body fluids. skin wounds encouraging healing. COLD PACK CALAMINE LOTION Provide instant pain relief and reduce Anti-itch, and skin rashes. swelling. b BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PROPER GLOVE REMOVAL TECHNIQUE HAND WASHING TECHNIQUE HAND WASHING TECHNIQUE HAND SIGNALS AND OTHER NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION Particularly important in situations where noise or distance prevents verbal communication. Hand signals are not necessarily the same in all sports or even among all clubs, so the sports first aider must ensure that any hand signals to be used are understood by those to whom they are directed. HAND SIGNALS AND OTHER NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION ASSISTANCE REQUIRED SIGNAL Hand is moving to the left (a) and right (b) over head. HAND SIGNALS AND OTHER NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION UNCONSCIOUS ATHLETE SIGNAL Hand is moving up (a) and down (b) across face. HAND SIGNALS AND OTHER NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION ATHLETE NOT BREATHING SIGNAL Hand is moving to the left (a) and right (b) across mouth. HAND SIGNALS AND OTHER NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION SUSPECTED SPINAL INJURY SIGNAL Hand is put at the back of the head. HAND SIGNALS AND OTHER NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION STRETCHER REQUIRED SIGNAL Body in T-position with both hands pronated. HAND SIGNALS AND OTHER NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION REMOVING AN ATHLETE FROM PLAY SIGNAL Hands in circular motion above head. HAND SIGNALS AND OTHER NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION ADDITIONAL FIRST AID SUPPLIES REQUIRED SIGNAL Both hands in cross position. THANK YOU