Exercise Safety And First Aid PDF

# UNIT III: Exercise Safety and First Aid ## CHAPTER I: SAFETY PRACTICES IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE ### CAUSES OF COMMON SPORTS INJURIES ## LESSON OBJECTIVES: - DIFFERENTIATE ACUTE AND CHRONIC INJURIES; - DESCRIBE THE COMMON FORCES THAT ARE PRESENT DURING THE MECHANISM OF INJURY; AND - EXPLAIN HOW TH...

# UNIT III: Exercise Safety and First Aid ## CHAPTER I: SAFETY PRACTICES IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE ### CAUSES OF COMMON SPORTS INJURIES ## LESSON OBJECTIVES: - DIFFERENTIATE ACUTE AND CHRONIC INJURIES; - DESCRIBE THE COMMON FORCES THAT ARE PRESENT DURING THE MECHANISM OF INJURY; AND - EXPLAIN HOW THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO INJURY HELPS IN HEALING. ### Injuries Injuries are damaged tissues or organs which occur when it encounters trauma or physical force that is greater than what it can resist or absorb. ### WHY IS MY RISK AT GETTING INJURED HIGHER NOW THAT I AM MORE ACTIVE? ### 3 COMMON FORCES PRESENT DURING MECHANISM OF INJURY #### TENSILE FORCES ARE THOSE THAT ACT AWAY FROM THE CENTER OF THE STRUCTURE, CAUSING A PULL OR STRETCH. #### COMPRESSIVE FORCES IMPACT THE CENTER CAUSING IT TO BEND OR FOLD. #### SHEAR FORCES OPPOSING FORCES TOWARD DIFFERENT ENDS OF THE STRUCTURE CAUSING IT TO TWIST. | Functions of Various Musculoskeletal Structures | Structure | Function | Acute Injury | |:----------------------------------------------:|:---------:|:----------:|:-------------:| | Ligaments | Ligaments | Stabilize joints | Sprain | | Tendons | Tendons | Attaches muscles to bones | Strain | | Muscles | Muscles | Creates movements | Strain | | Bones | Bones | Anchor for muscles | Fracture | | Joints | Joints | Fulcrum for movement | Dislocation | ### Classification of Sprains and Strains According to Severity | Category | Fibers Damaged | Loss of Function | |:--------:|:---------------:|:------------------:| | Mild | Minimal Tear | Pain when moved | | Moderate | Partial Tear | Pain at rest and when moved | | Severe | Complete Tear | Complete loss of function | ### WHY DOES A BODY PART SWELL AFTER GETTING INJURED? SWELLING OCCURS DUE TO FLUID ACCUMULATION AS A RESULT OF INCREASED BLOOD FLOW AND BLOOD VESSEL PERMEABILITY. THE BODY WILL INITIATE THE HEALING PROCESS THROUGH THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE. THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE REMOVES THE DAMAGED TISSUE BY INCREASING BLOOD FLOW AND ACTIVATING THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM TO THE INJURED SITE. ASIDE FROM SWELLING, INFLAMMATION IS ALSO CHARACTERIZED BY PAIN, REDNESS, AND WARMTH. ### Common Causes of Acute and Overuse Injuries | Injury | Types of Injury | Common Cause of Injury | |:-------------|:----------------:|:------------------------------------------------------------:| | Sprain | Acute | Twisting or pulling force | | Strain | Acute | Pulling force during rapid acceleration | | Fracture | Acute | Falling or breaking a fall | | Dislocation | Acute | Falling or breaking a fall | | Stress Fracture | Overuse | Repetitive high impact stress | | Tendinopathy | Overuse | Repetetive movement using poor technique | | Osteoarthritis | Overuse | Repetetive high impact stress | | Bursitis | Overuse | Repetetive movement using poor technique | ## CHAPTER I: SAFETY PRACTICES IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE ### COMMON SPORTS INJURIES #### (ACUTE INJURIES) #### SPRAIN ARE OUERSTRETCHED LIGAMENTS. WHEN THE JOINT IS FORCED INTO A POSITION THAT IS BEYOND ITS NORMAL RANGE, IT WILL OUERSTRETCHED THE LIGAMENT. #### STRAIN IS A TWIST, PULL OR TEAR OF MUSCLE OR TENDON AND A NON-CONTACT INJURY THAT RESULTS FROM OUERSTRECHING OR OUER CONTRACTION. #### FRACTURE IS A BREAK, USUALLY IN A BONE. FRACTURES ARE COMMON IN GROWING BONES BECAUSE IT IS LESS DENSE. #### DISLOCATION ANTHE SEPERATION OF TWO BONES WHERE THEY MEET AT A JOINT. WHEN THE BONE IS PUSHED OUT OF THE PROPER ALIGNMENT, THE INJURY WILL CAUSE A DEFORMITY AND CONSTANT PAIN. #### CONCUSSION ARE LIFE-THREATENING INJURY BECAUSE THEY DISRUPT THE NORMAL FUNCTION OF THE BRAIN. IT IS CAUSED BY A BUMP OR BY A HIT TO THE BODY. #### (CHRONIC INJURIES) #### STRESS FRACTURE ARE TINY CRACKS IN A BONE CAUSED BY REPETITIVE FORCE, OFTEN FROM QUERUSE. THE REPETITIVE WORKLOAD CREATES MICROTRAUMA IN THE BONE AND GETS BIGGER OUERTIME. #### TENDINOPATHY/TENDINITIS THE MOST COMMON QUERUSE INJURY IN SPORTS INUOLUES THE MUSCLE-TENDON. IT IS USUALLY DUE TO MUSCLE IMBALANCE BETWEEN MUSCLE PAIRS. #### OSTEOARTHRITIS IS THE WEAR AND TEAR OF A JOINT THAT RESULTS TO ITS DETERIORATION. THE FRICTION DETERIORATES THE CARTILAGE THAT PROTECTS THE BONES FROM RUBBING AGAINST EACH OTHER. #### BURSITIS CAUSED BY REPETITIVE STRESS TO THE BURSA. THE INFLAMMATION OF THE BURSA INTERRUPTS THE SORROUNDING STRUCTURES, CAUSING PAIN DURING MOVEMENT. ### CAN HEAT ILLNESSES LEAD TO A LIFE-TREATHENING CONDITION? HEAT ILLNESSES, SUCH AS CRAMPS AND STROKE ARE DUE TO EXCESSIVE DEHYDRATION AND HIGH BODY TEMPERATURE COMMONLY ATTRIBUTED TO TRAINING IN POOR WEATHER CONDITIONS. POOR WEATHER CONDITIONS LIKE TOO MUCH HEAT PREVENT THE BODY TO COOL DOWN THROUGH PERSPIRATION. IF THE BODY CANNOT DISSIPATE THE HEAT, THE CORE BODY TEMPERATURE INCREASES BEYOND THE TOLERABLE LIMIT. ### SIGNS OF DEHYDRATION - DIZZINESS - FATIGUE - WEAKNESS - DRY MOUTH - FLUSHED SKIN - HEADACHE - BLURRED VISION - DIFFICULTY SWALLOWING - DRY SKIN - HOT SKIN - RAPID PULSE - FREQUENT NEED TO URINATE ## CHAPTER I: SAFETY PRACTICES IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE ### SPORTS INJUR PREVENTION ### MINIMIZING THE OCCURENCE OF INJURIES - ADOPT A COMPREHENSIVE TRAINING PROGRAM. - USE PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND PRACTICE CORRECT TECHNIQUE. - INCORPORATE RECOVERY STRATEGIES IN THE TRAINING PROGRAM. - FOLLOW RULES AND DECORUM DURING COMPETITION. ## THANK YOU!