Chapter 1 and 2 Study Guide Key 2021 PDF

Chapter 1 and 2 study guide: Name: Date: 1.1 The Characteristics of Living Things (pg 85 – 88) a. List the 6 characteristics of living things: 1. made of cells...

Chapter 1 and 2 study guide: Name: Date: 1.1 The Characteristics of Living Things (pg 85 – 88) a. List the 6 characteristics of living things: 1. made of cells 4. Respond to environment 2. need energy 5. Adaptations for their environment 3. grow and develop 6. Reproduce b. Cells are the _____basic unit_______ of life! c. Plants and animals differ in how they get energy. Plants use a process called _________photosynthesis___________ to collect energy from the sun to make their own food while animals get food from the environment around them. d. In the following 3 examples, identify the stimulus by circling the word(s) and identify the response by underlining the word(s): 1. Sunlight coming through a window causes a plant on the window sill to grow toward the window. 2. Not paying attention, Tyler touches the hot edges of a plate and quickly draws his hand back. 3. Jane does not check the weather forecast and decides not to wear a coat to school on February 11th. By the time she completes her 10 minute walk, she is shivering from the cold. e. You start as only 1 cell. You know you are a multi-cellular life form that is made of billions of cells. Which of the following is True and Which is False: 1. __F___ (T/F) You grow because your cells are much larger than when you were a baby.  2. __T___ (T/F) You grow because you have a lot more cells in your body now than when you were a baby. f. List 3 ways that a fish is adapted to survive in water: 1. gills 2. fins 3. scales 1.2 Structure and Function (pg 89-92) a. Complete the following table: BREATHING Organism Structure Function Fish gills Absorb oxygen Birds lungs breathing Insects spiracles Gas exchange Mammals lungs breathing b. Would a bird suited for swimming (like a duck) have webbed feet or non-webbed feet? webbed c. Would a bird suited for eating insects hiding on tree bark have a pointed beak or a broad (flat) beak? pointed 2.1 The Microscope Extends the Sense of Sight (pg 99-102) a. The microscope ____magnifies_____ the images of small objects. b. On the lowest power objective lens, you should focus with which knob?: CAK c. On the medium and high power lenses, you should focus with which knob?:FAK d. Describe how you should safely carry a microscope: one hand base, other hand arm e. True or False: When looking through a microscope, you should try to keep both eyes open. Determine the approximate size of the cells. These are frog blood cells viewed under the HP objective lens (40objective x 10ocular = 400x total magnification). The field of view shown was calculated to be 0.4 mm. f. How long is the cell indicated? (In order to answer you must measure the picture with a ruler across the entire circle to determine the field of view of the image. Then measure the length of the image of the cell. Compare these measurements to see how many cells would fit across the field of view. Divide the calculated field of view (0.4mm) by the number of cells that would fit across.) 0.4 / 5 = 0.08 2.2 The Cell is the Basic Unit of Life a. Match the following terms with the correct description. C Mitochondria A. make protein E_____Golgi Complex B. transports Protein G Cell Membrane C. power house of the cell F Cell wall D. brain center of the cell (holds the DNA) H Cytoplasm E. packaging plant of the cell I______Large Vacuole F. made of cellulose, used for support and only found in plants B Endoplasmic Reticulum G. Is selectively Permeable A___Ribosomes H. Fluid in the cell where many chemical reactions occur J Chloroplasts I. stores water and minerals in plant D Nucleus J. site of photosynthesis 2.3 Organisms can be single celled or multicellular (pg 110-114) a. What special organelles do paramecium have that help them swim? cilia b. What does an Amoeba use a psuedopod for? Movement/capturing food 2.4 How Substances Move Into and Out of Cells (pg 115-119) a. Define diffusion: substances in a fluid mover naturally from higher concentrations to lower concentration b. Define osmosis: diffusion of water across a membrane c. Define Selectively Permeable: chooses what can go across the membrane For each of these cells, identify whether it is a plant or animal cell. Also label the following organelles on each if they occur on the diagram: Nucleus, Nucleolus, R. Endoplasmic Reticulum, S. Endoplasmic Reticulum, Mitochondria, Golgi, Cell Membrane, Cell Wall, Cytoplasm, Chloroplast, Central Vacuole, Lysosome, Cilia This is a(n) _animal__ cell. This is a(n) _____plant__________ cell. 2.5 Cells in Multicellular Organisms Combine to Form Tissues and Organs. a. Complete the sentence: Similar cells combine to form ___tissue____ whereas different tissues combine to form ____organs_______. b. Plants have transport tissues. Complete the following and then memorize them!: i. phloem tissue transports ___phood______. ii. xylem tissue transports ___water________. Chapter 1/2 test details: Chapter 1 - 6 characteristics of living things. i.e. A volcano is not a living thing because it does not meet which criteria? - Structural vs behavioral adaptations and examples of these - Stimulus and response Chapter 2 - Microscope parts/functions - How to safely/correctly handle and use a microscope - Field of view - What are cells - Cell organelles (identify, name, describe functions) - Unicellular organisms - Specialized cells - Diffusion, osmosis, selectively permeable - Similar specialized cells combine to form tissues for specific functions - Tissue types in animals - Tissue types in plants