Chapter 1 and 2 fill in the blank

Living Things Characteristics

• Living things have 6 key characteristics:
  • Made of cells
  • Need energy
  • Grow and develop
  • Respond to their environment
  • Adaptations for their environment
  • Reproduce
• Cells are the basic unit of life.
• Plants use photosynthesis to make their own food, while animals get food from their surroundings.

Identifying Stimulus and Response

• Identify stimulus and response actions.
  • Example, Sunlight coming through a window causes a plant to grow towards it.
    • Stimulus: Sunlight
    • Response: Growing towards the window.
  • Example 2: Not paying attention, Tyler touches a hot plate and quickly removes his hand.
    • Stimulus: Hot plate edges
    • Response: Quickly removing hand
  • Example 3: Jane does not check the weather forecast and decides to not wear a coat on February 11th. By the time she completes her 10-minute walk, she is shivering from the cold.
    • Stimulus: Cold weather (without a coat)
    • Response: Shivering from the cold

Growth and Cells

• You start as a single cell
• You grow because you have more cells now than when you were a baby (not because cells get larger)

Fish Adaptations

• Fish have three main adaptations for survival in water
  • Gills
  • Fins
  • Scales

Microscope Use

• Microscopes magnify images of small objects.
• Use the coarse adjustment knob on the lowest power objective lens
• Use the fine adjustment knob on higher powers
• Safely carry a microscope by one hand on the base and the other on the arm.

True or False about Microscope Use

• When looking through a microscope, try to keep both eyes open

Calculating Cell Size

• To determine cell size
  • Measure the field of view of the image using a ruler
  • Measure the length of the cell
  • Divide the field of view by the number of cells that would fit across

Cell Organelles

• Matching cell organelles to their function:
• Mitochondria - Powerhouse of the cell
• Golgi Complex - Packaging plant of the cell
• Cell Membrane - Selectively Permeable
• Cell Wall - Made of cellulose
• Cytoplasm - Fluid in the cell
• Large Vacuole - Stores water and minerals

Paramecium Movement

• Paramecium utilize cilia for movement.

Amoeba Function

• Amoeba use pseudopods for movement and capturing food

Diffusion

• Substances in a fluid move naturally from higher concentrations to lower concentrations

Osmosis

• Osmosis is water diffusion across a membrane.

Cell Permeability

• Selectively Permeable - membrane chooses what can pass through it

Plant vs. Animal Cells

• Identify plant and animal cells
• Label organelles present in a plant or animal cell image

Combining Cells to Form Tissues and Organs

• Similar cells combine to form tissues.
• Different tissues combine to form organs.

Plant Transport Tissues

• Xylem transports water
• Phloem transports food.