PSY 1000 - Introduction to Psychology Study Questions PDF

PSY 1000 – Introduction to Psychology Instructor: Dr. Martha Escobar STUDY QUESTIONS – Chapter 8 This study guide is designed to be used after you have completed reviewing and studying the material. I recommend that you try to answe...

PSY 1000 – Introduction to Psychology Instructor: Dr. Martha Escobar STUDY QUESTIONS – Chapter 8 This study guide is designed to be used after you have completed reviewing and studying the material. I recommend that you try to answer all questions without looking at your notes and without exceeding the space provided (you should answer each question in 1-3 sentences). This will give you a good idea of whether you have understood the material. Definitions should not exceed 1 sentence. Completing all reading assignments will make it much easier to come up with proper definitions and examples for the material below. Names that are not listed as part of the keywords are not going to be required for successful exam completion. 1. What is memory? 2. What is encoding? Explain the difference between automatic and effortful processing. 3. Which type of encoding (acoustic, semantic, or visual) results in better memory? How can we use this difference to improve encoding? 4. According to Atkinson and Shiffrin, there are three memory stores. For each store, explain: Sensory memory Short-term memory Long-term memory Capacity? Duration? How does information move N/A to the next store? Which information is lost? 5. What is chunking? 6. What are semantic networks? Relate this concept to the term “spreading activation” 7. Explain the difference between explicit and implicit memory. 8. What are the two types of explicit memory? Give an example of each. 9. What are the three types of implicit memory? Give an example of each. 10. What is the difference between recognition and recall? How do recognition and recall differ from relearning? 11. What are retrieval cues? How can they result in encoding specificity? Provide an example. 12. Lashley suggested the principle of “equipotentiality” to explain how memories are stored in the brain. What was his hypothesis? Was he correct in his assumptions? Why? 13. Who was H.M. (Henry Molaison) and why was he important for our understanding of memory? 14. What are the primary brain structures associated with declarative and procedural memory? 15. How does emotion impact memory? Link your answer to the concept of flashbulb memory. 16. Why do we say that memory is a reconstructive process? 17. Are eyewitness accounts accurate? Does accuracy correlate with the witness’ certainty they are correct? 18. How did Elizabeth Loftus study the misinformation effect? 19. What are false memories? 20. What is the false memory syndrome? 21. Fill the table below for each of the memory errors commonly known as the “7 sins of memory.” You should be able to identify examples (Hint: Do not just copy the definition, try to define it in your own words.) Type of error Definition Example Absentmindedness Bias Blocking Misattribution Persistence Suggestibility Transience 22. Explain the difference between retroactive and proactive interference. Provide one example of each. 23. What is a serial position curve? What is primacy? What is recency? 24. Explain the difference between anterograde and retrograde amnesia. 25. What type(s) of amnesia did Scott Bolzan and Clive Wearing have? What type(s) of memory did their amnesia impact? What does that tell us about the difference between STM and LTM and the difference between explicit and implicit memory?