Chapter_05.pdf

Discovering Computers Technology in a World of Computers, Mobile Devices, and the Internet Chapter 5 Digital Safety and Security Objectives Overview Describe various types Define the term, digital...

Discovering Computers Technology in a World of Computers, Mobile Devices, and the Internet Chapter 5 Digital Safety and Security Objectives Overview Describe various types Define the term, digital Discuss techniques to of Internet and network security risks, and prevent unauthorized attacks, and explain briefly describe the computer access and ways to safeguard types of cybercriminals use against these attacks Explain the ways that Discuss how software manufacturers encryption, digital protect against signatures, and digital software piracy certificates work See Page 202 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 2 for Detailed Objectives Objectives Overview Identify risks and Identify safeguards Explain the options safeguards associated against hardware theft, available for backing up with wireless vandalism, and failure communications Recognize issues related to information accuracy, Discuss issues intellectual property surrounding information rights, codes of conduct, privacy and green computing See Page 202 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 3 for Detailed Objectives Digital Security Risks A digital security risk is any event or action that could cause a loss of or damage to a computer or mobile device hardware, software, data, information, or processing capability Any illegal act involving the use of a computer or related devices generally is referred to as a computer crime A cybercrime is an online or Internet-based illegal act Page 202 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 4 Digital Security Risks Page 203 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 5 Figure 5-1 Digital Security Risks Hacker Cracker Script kiddie Unethical Corporate spies Cyberextortionist employees Cyberterrorist Page 204 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 6 Internet and Network Attacks Information transmitted over networks has a higher degree of security risk than information kept on an organization’s premises Malware, short for malicious software, consists of programs that act without a user’s knowledge and deliberately alter the operations of computers and mobile devices Pages 204 - 205 7 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 Table 5-1 Internet and Network Attacks Page 205 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 8 Figure 5-2 Internet and Network Attacks A botnet is a group of compromised computers or mobile devices connected to a network – A compromised computer or device is known as a zombie A denial of service attack (DoS attack) disrupts computer access to Internet services – Distributed DoS (DDoS) A back door is a program or set of instructions in a program that allow users to bypass security controls Spoofing is a technique intruders use to make their network or Internet transmission appear legitimate Pages 206 - 207 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 9 Internet and Network Attacks A firewall is hardware and/or software that protects a network’s resources from intrusion Pages 208 - 209 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 10 Figure 5-4 Unauthorized Access and Use Unauthorized access is Unauthorized use is the the use of a computer or use of a computer or its network without data for unapproved or permission possibly illegal activities Page 210 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 11 Unauthorized Access and Use Organizations take several measures to help prevent unauthorized access and use – Acceptable use policy – Disable file and printer sharing Page 210 12 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 Figure 5-5 Unauthorized Access and Use Access controls define who can access a computer, device, or network; when they can access it; and what actions they can take while accessing it The computer, device, or network should maintain an audit trail that records in a file both successful and unsuccessful access attempts – User name – Password – Passphrase – CAPTCHA Pages 211 - 212 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 13 Figure 5-6 Unauthorized Access and Use A possessed object is any A biometric device item that you must carry to authenticates a person’s gain access to a computer identity by translating a or computer facility personal characteristic into – Often are used in a digital code that is combination with a PIN compared with a digital (personal identification code in a computer number) Page 213 14 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 Unauthorized Access and Use Face Fingerprint recognition reader system Hand Voice geometry verification system system Signature Iris verification recognition system system Pages 213 – 214 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 15 Figures 5-8 – 5-10 Unauthorized Access and Use Digital forensics is the discovery, collection, and analysis of evidence found on computers and networks Many areas use digital forensics Law Criminal Military enforcement prosecutors intelligence Information Insurance security agencies departments Page 214 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 16 Software Theft Software theft occurs when someone: Steals software Intentionally media erases programs Illegally registers Illegally copies a and/or activates program a program Page 215 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 17 Software Theft Many manufacturers incorporate an activation process into their programs to ensure the software is not installed on more computers than legally licensed During the product activation, which is conducted either online or by phone, users provide the software product’s identification number to associate the software with the computer or mobile device on which the software is installed Page 215 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 18 Software Theft A single-user license agreement typically contains the following conditions: Pages 215 – 216 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 19 Figure 5-11 Information Theft Information theft occurs when someone steals personal or confidential information Encryption is a process of converting data that is readable by humans into encoded characters to prevent unauthorized access Pages 216 - 217 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 20 Table 5-2 Information Theft Page 217 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 21 Figure 5-12 Information Theft A digital signature is an encrypted code that a person, website, or organization attaches to an electronic message to verify the identity of the sender – Often used to ensure that an impostor is not participating in an Internet transaction A digital certificate is a notice that guarantees a user or a website is legitimate A website that uses encryption techniques to secure its data is known as a secure site Page 218 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 22 Information Theft Page 218 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 23 Figure 5-13 Hardware Theft, Vandalism, and Failure Hardware vandalism Hardware theft is is the act of defacing the act of stealing or destroying digital digital equipment equipment Page 219 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 24 Hardware Theft, Vandalism, and Failure To help reduce the of chances of theft, companies and schools use a variety of security measures Page 219 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 25 Figure 5-14 Backing Up – The Ultimate Safeguard A backup is a duplicate of a file, program, or media that can be used if the original is lost, damaged, or destroyed – To back up a file means to make a copy of it Off-site backups are stored in a location separate from the computer or mobile device site Cloud Storage Page 219 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 26 Backing Up – The Ultimate Safeguard Categories of backups: Three-generation – Full backup policy – Differential Grandparent – Incremental – Selective – Continuous data protection Parent Child Page 219 27 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 Backing Up – The Ultimate Safeguard Page 220 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 28 Table 5-3 Wireless Security Wireless access poses additional security risks Some intruders intercept and monitor communications as they transmit through the air Others connect to a network through an unsecured wireless access point (WAP) or combination router/WAP Page 221 29 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 Figure 5-16 Ethics and Society Computer ethics are the moral guidelines that govern the use of computers, mobile devices, and information systems Information accuracy is a concern – Not all information on the web is correct Pages 224 - 225 30 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 Figure 5-18 Ethics and Society Intellectual property refers to unique and original works such as ideas, inventions, art, writings, processes, company and product names, and logos Intellectual property rights are the rights to which creators are entitled to their work A copyright protects any tangible form of expression Digital rights management (DRM) is a strategy designed to prevent illegal distribution of movies, music, and other digital content Page 225 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 31 Ethics and Society A code of conduct is a written guideline that helps determine whether a specification is ethical/unethical or allowed/not allowed Page 226 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 32 Figure 5-19 Ethics and Society Green computing involves reducing the electricity and environmental waste while using computers, mobile devices, and related technologies Pages 226 - 227 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 33 Figure 5-20 Information Privacy Information privacy refers to the right of individuals and companies to deny or restrict the collection and use of information about them Huge databases store data online It is important to safeguard your information Page 227 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 34 Information Privacy Page 228 35 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 Figure 5-21 Information Privacy Information about you can be stored in a database when you: – Fill out a printed or online form – Create a social networking profile – Register a product warranty Pages 228 - 229 36 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 Figure 5-22 Information Privacy A cookie is a small text file that a web server stores on your computer Websites use cookies for a variety of reasons: Store user Assist with Allow for names and/or online personalization passwords shopping Track how Target often users advertisements visit a site Page 229 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 37 Information Privacy Page 230 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 38 Figure 5-23 Information Privacy Phishing is a scam in which a perpetrator sends an official looking email message that attempts to obtain your personal and/or financial information With clickjacking, an object that can be clicked on a website contains a malicious program Page 231 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 39 Information Privacy Spyware is a program placed on a computer or mobile device without the user’s knowledge that secretly collects information about the user and then communicates the information it collects to some outside source while the user is online Adware is a program that displays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window on webpages, email messages, or other Internet services Page 231 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 40 Information Privacy Social engineering is defined as gaining unauthorized access to or obtaining confidential information by taking advantage of the trusting human nature of some victims and the naivety of others Page 232 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 41 Information Privacy The concern about privacy has led to the enactment of federal and state laws regarding the storage and disclosure of personal data – See Table 5-4 on page 233 for a listing of major U.S. government laws concerning privacy Pages 232 - 233 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 42 Information Privacy Employee monitoring involves the use of computers, mobile devices, or cameras to observe, record, and review an employee’s use of a technology, including communications such as email messages, keyboard activity (used to measure productivity), and websites visited Many programs exist that easily allow employers to monitor employees. Further, it is legal for employers to use these programs Page 233 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 43 Ethics and Society Content filtering is the process of restricting access to certain material on the Web – Many businesses use content filtering Web filtering software restricts access to specified websites Page 234 44 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 Figure 5-24 Summary Risks and safeguards associated with Internet and network attacks, unauthorized access and Variety of digital security risks Cybercrime and cybercriminals use, software theft, information theft, and hardware theft, vandalism, and failure Various backup strategies and Ethical issues in society and methods of securing wireless various ways to protect the communications privacy of personal information Page 235 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 5 45  Discovering Computers Technology in a World of Computers, Mobile Devices, and the Internet Chapter 5 Digital Safety and Security Chapter 5 Complete