Chap 17 Adaptive Immunity Study Guide & Review Questions PDF

**Chap 17 Adaptive Immunity** - acquired/adaptive (synonymous) self/non-self antigens proteins - strong, polysaccharides -- weaker than protein antigens enzymatically degradable material, \>10,000 mol. wt., non self antigenic determinants, paratopes (antibodies), epitopes (antigens) / reactive s...

**Chap 17 Adaptive Immunity** - acquired/adaptive (synonymous) self/non-self antigens proteins - strong, polysaccharides -- weaker than protein antigens enzymatically degradable material, \>10,000 mol. wt., non self antigenic determinants, paratopes (antibodies), epitopes (antigens) / reactive sites on antigen molecules; antigen processing cells, immunoglobulins haptens (small molecules) -- combined with body proteins = immunogenic (act as antigens) antibodies/immunoglobulins - Ig globulin proteins; specific reaction w/ Ag: 5\) antibody-dependent cell-mediated [cytotoxicity] B-lymphocytes: mature in marrow MHC - Major histo-compatibilty and helper T cells plasma cells - protein factories -- make immunoglobulins B memory cells - long lived (decades, lifetime) Clonal selection, response to various antigens Clonal deletion at birth primary/secondary responses Ig classes: half life -- eventually cleared from blood IgG: 80%, crosses placenta, divalent, antitoxin IgM: 5-10% pentamer, decavalent, 1st made, highly anti-bacterial IgA: 10-15% secretory, fluids - mucus, saliva, tears, breast milk IgD: 0.5% IgE: 0.002%, binds to mast cells/basophiles degranulation histamine release = allergic rx Ab+Ag reactions: agglutination, opsinization, neutralization, complement activation, Ab dependent cytotoxicity T-lymphocytes: mature in thymus. Helper Ts - Ag processing, NK natural killer T - direct attack, non-self cells: cancer or virus infected Tc cytotoxic : produce perforins, granzymes -- kill specific target cells after activation Primary response -- 7-10 days for protective Ab -- M first, then G Secondary (memory) response: immediate and accelerated 1-2 days, higher Ab produced quickly Booster shots (vaccinations) **Chapter 17 Adaptive immunity (Third Line of Defense) Review Questions** What are the characteristics of a substance that makes it an antigen? Compare the relative immunogenic (ability to stimulate the immune system) "strengths" of proteins vs. polysaccharides What is meant by the term "epitope"? How are haptens similar to and different than antigens? Describe an immunoglobulin -- structure and function. What is the difference between the antigen-antibody reactions known as opsinization and neutralization? Where do B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes mate into functioning cells in the body? What is meant by B cell/T cell clones? What selects which clone is activated by an antigen? What is clonal deletion? What are plasma cells and memory cells? What role do helper T cells play in the immune response of B cells to a specific antigen? Describe the differences between IgG, M ,A, and E. What does IgG do that none of the others can? Distinguish the differences in the roles of cytotoxic, helper, and "Natural killer" T cells. What are perforins and granzymes made by cytotoxic T cells (Tc)?? Describe the differences between the primary and secondary immune reactions. How are booster shots related to these reactions?