Indian Judiciary Workbook PDF

Here is the converted text from the images, formatted in markdown: ### (5) The retirement age of High Court judges is 62 years. **Do it. (Textbook page 81)** High Courts having jurisdiction over more than one state: 1. Mumbai High Court: Maharashtra, Goa and Union Territories of Diu-Daman and Dad...

Here is the converted text from the images, formatted in markdown: ### (5) The retirement age of High Court judges is 62 years. **Do it. (Textbook page 81)** High Courts having jurisdiction over more than one state: 1. Mumbai High Court: Maharashtra, Goa and Union Territories of Diu-Daman and Dadra-Nagar Haveli. 2. Guwahati High Court: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Mizoram and Nagaland. 3. Kerala High Court: Kerala and Union Territory of Lakshadweep islands. 4. Kolkata High Court: West Bengal and Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar islands. 5. Chandigarh High Court : Punjab and Haryana. ### (2) Functions of the High Court : 1. To supervise and maintain control over the lower courts in its jurisdiction. 2. To give orders to protect the fundamental rights of the citizens. 3. To give advice to the Governor while appointing judges of the district courts. ### 5. District and Lower Court: 1. There are courts at the district and the tehsil (taluka) level. 2. Every district court has one district judge who is appointed by the Governor with the advice of the High Court. ### 8. The branches of Law in India 1. **Civil Law:** 1. This law deals with conflicts which affect or interfere with the rights of a person. 2. Conflicts regarding land and property rent agreement, divorce etc. are resolved by Civil Law. 2. **Criminal Law:** 1. Serious crimes such as theft, robbery dowry, murder, etc. are dealt under Criminal Law 2. In these cases, the first step is to file a First Information Report (FIR) with the police. 3. The police investigates the matter with the help of FIR and then files a petition in the court. 4. If the charges are proven, there are provisions for severe punishment. ### 7. Contribution of Indian Judiciary: 1. The Indian Judiciary has made significant contribution to the development of the country 2. There is respect and trust of the common people in the judicial system of the country 3. The judiciary has protected individual freedom, the federal system and the Constitution of India. 4. They have played a greater role in strengthening the democracy in India. ## EXERCISES **Q. 1. Choose the correct option and rewrite the statement:** *(1) Laws are made by Legislature.* * (a) Legislature * (b) Council of Ministers * (c) Judiciary * (d) Executive *(2) The Chief Justice of Supreme Court is appointed by the President.* * (a) Prime Minister * (b) President * (c) Home Minister * (d) Law Minister *(3) When the common man benefits from the values of freedom, equality and justice, it leads to the widening and deepening of democracy.* * (a) values * (b) democracy * (c) Judiciary * (d) Law (4) Judiciary helps to protect the rights of people. * (a) Prime Minister * (b) President * (c) Judiciary * (d) Social Organisation (5) The Parliament has the power to establish a High Court in every state of India. * (a) Supreme Court * (b) Parliament * (c) President * (d) Prime Minister (6) Currently, there are 24 High Courts in India. * (α) 20 * (b) 29 * (c) 24 * (d) 22 **Q. 2. Find and write :** * (1) Nature of Judiciary in India - Integrated System. * (2) In the criminal cases, the first step is to file - First Information Report (FIR) * (3) The District judges are appointed by - The Governer * (4) The High Court judges are appointed by - The President. **Q. 3. Complete the following concept maps :** **(1)** * Organisation of the Judiciary | | | | | :---------------- | :--------------- | :---------------- | | Supreme Court | High court | District court | | Chief Justice the | Cheif Justice | District Judge | | | | | | | | | **(2)** | | | | :----------------- | :------------------- | | Indian Judiciary | Individual Freedom | | protects | Federal system | | | Constitution | | | Democracy | **Q. 4. Explain the concept :** *(1) Judicial Review :* 1. One of the most important responsibilities entrusted to the supreme court is the protection of the constitution. 2. If any law passed by the legislature or any acts of the executives violates a provision of the constitution, the said law or act is declared illegal and struck down by the supreme court. 3. This power of the court is called Judicial review. * (2) Public Interest Litigation (PIL): 1. Public Interest Litigation (PIL) refers to filing the litigation on public importance. 2. It can be filed by an individual citizen, social organization or non-Governmental organisation (NGOs) on the behalf of all people. 3. The court thinks over the questions raised and gives its decisions. **Q. 5. Write short notes on:** * **(1) Civil Law:** 1. This law deals with affect or interfere with the rights of a person. 2. Conflicts regarding land and property, rent agreement, divorce, etc. are resolved by Civil Law. 3. After filing a petition in a relevent court, the said court gives a decision. * **(2) Criminal Law:** 1. Serious crimes such as theft, robbery, dowry, murder, etc. are dealt by Criminal Law. 2. In these cases, the first step is to file a 'First Information Report' (FIR) with police. 3. The police investigates the matter with the help of (FIR) and then files a petition in the court. 4. if the charges are proved, there are provisions regarding severe punishment * **(3) Judicial Activism :** 1. Traditionally, the Courts settle the disputes whenever they are approached for that purpose. 2. In (4) High Court : 1. The Indian constitution confers the parliament with the power to establish a high court in each constituent state in the union. 2. Normally, each state has a high court. But, in certain cases where population and area of the states is less, one high court has jurisdiction over more than one state. 3. for example, the Bombay High Court's jurisdiction covers the states of Maharashtra & Goa, the union territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, and Daman and Diu. 4. Currently, there are 24 high courts in India. (5) Supreme Court of India : 1. The chief justice of India (CJI) and their judge of supreme court. 2. By convention the Senior most judge is appointed as the chief justice of India. 3. The President appoint the chief justice of India (CJI) & other judge of supreme court. **Q. 6. Explain the following statements with reasons :** (1) Judiciary in India is an integrated system. Ans. Omit (2) The Constitution has made provision for independence of Judiciary. Ans. omit (3) The Indian judiciary has made a significant contribution in the development of the country. Ans. omit **Q. 7. Answer in brief:**   *(1) Why are laws necessary in society?* Ans. 1. To develop tolerance & peace among people with different opinions, thoughts, perspective & culture. 2. To establish Social justice & equality. 3. To protect the weaker Sections of society, women, children, differently abled & transgender. 4. The pressure the values of Freedom, equality & democracy. This strengible as the democracy. 5. To make fundamental rights available to citizens. 6. To protect the rule of law. *(2) Enumerate the functions of the Supreme Court.* Ans. 1. The supreme court has the responsibility to settle disputes between the center & States; & States on One side & States on the other. 2. It gives orders to relevant authorities for protection of the fundamental rights of the citizens. 3. It can review decrees & Orders of the lower courts & also review its own decisions. 4. It can also give advice to the president in case he ask for the advice of the court to understand the legal aspects in matters of public importance. *(3) Which are the provisions that preserve the independence of the judiciary?* Ans. 1. The constitution lays down the criteria for the eligibility of judges by the president helps to avoid any political pressure 2. Judges enjoy the security of tenure. They can't be removed for trivial reasons or political motives. 3. the salaries of judges are drown Prom the consolidated fund of india & no discussion regarding this takes place in the Parliaments (4) What are the eligibility criteria for appointment of Supreme Court judges? Ans- allf he is a legal expert or b) he has served as a high court Judge arc) He is an experients advocate of the high court. (5) Mention the functions of the High Court. Ans. 1. To supervise and maintain control over the lower courts. in its jurisdiction.  2. To give orders to protect the fundamental rights of the citizens. 3. To give advice to the Governer with the advice of the High Court. **OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS** (1) Should the Supreme Court have the power of Judicial Review? Ans. (2) Why does the President seek the advice of the Supreme Court on any issue of public importance? Ans. Q. 1. Choose the correct option and complete the statements : *(1) The winter session of Maharashtra Legislature takes place at Nagpur* *(2) The President appoints the Governor.* \*(3) The right to summon the state legislature lies with the Speaker. **Table:** | Sr. No. | Houses | Tenure | No. of Members | Type of Election | Head | | :------ | :------------ | :------ | :--------------- | :-------------------------- | :----------------------------------- | | 1. | Vidhan Sabha | 5 years | 288. | 1) Directly by people. | Speaker. | | | | | | 2) Reserved seats | The member elected within | | | | | | for SC and ST. | Vidhan Sabha | | 2. | Vidhan Parishad | Permanant | 78 | 1) few elected by MLAs Chairman | | | | House | | | 2) few elected from The members | | | | | | | feacher constituencies. of Vidhan | | | | | | | 5) few elected from Parishad. | | | | | || graduate costituencies. elect from |:| |||||among themselves.|:| * **(1)** Maharashtra's legislature conducts minimum three sessions in a year. The budget session is conducted `Aagpur while the. winter session is conducted in Nagpur. * **(2)** Council of Ministers: 1. The leader of the majority party in Legislative Assembly becomes the cheif minister. 2. The Prime Minister who is the executive of Head of the Union, the cheif Chief Minister is the Head of state. 3. The government of the state is run in the name of the Governor 4. But in reality the administration is caarled out by the Cheif Minister. The constitution has granted executive powers to the governer as the head of the state *(1) The Governor is the titular/nominal head of the state.* * **(1) The Governor:** 1. Govemer is the nominial head at state level. 2. He is appointed by the President and holds the office during the pleasure of the President. 3. The Governer abo enjoys certain legislative powers Governer has the right to surmen the session of state legislature. 4. The need arises to make the law, then the Govemer can issue an ordinance for the same\ *(2) Functions of the Chief Minister: DTo make the council more representative various regions and social groups 1. 1. 1. The government of the state is run in the name of the Governer 2. the Cheif Minister . Hence, the Governer is the nominial head * **(2)** Vidhan Parishad (Legislative Council) is a permanent House. *(3) India has 29 constituent states, but 31 Vidhan Sabha.* 1. According to the constitution, every constituent state must have Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly 2. India has 29 constituent state, but 31 Vidhan Sabha 3. Out of 7 union territores, Delhi and Pudduchery, have Vidhan Sabha. Hence, India has 29 states at, Vidhan Sabha *(4) The Chief Minister's post is most important in the state.* **Q. 9. Answer the following in brief :** * **(1)** Enumerate the functions of the Speaker of the Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly). Why did the Constitution adopt a federal system for India? 1. India has a large geographic expanse a multicultural population . 2. There is a diversity in language, religion, ways of life and regional characteristics 3It would not to govern trom a centralised *(3) What are the considerations of the Chief Minister while allocation of portfolios?Formation of Council of Ministers is a challenging task for the Chief Minister* 1. Some Portfollo are of prime importance while others are of secondary importance He/she. 2. He has to select appropriate that will consider 2 He has to conder Consider the experience and the efhciency The poitical experlence and achninistratve skills The following are the eligibilityconditions candidateshe/she must.He should have 3. are a citizen. **(4) Mention the eligibility conditions for contesting Vidhan Sabha elections.* Following are the eligibility conditions for candidates 1. 2. that should . 2. resident Maharashtra