Chapter 4 Internet Of Things PDF

8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 1 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 2 Contents...

8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 1 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 2 Contents Definition of the term IOT CHAPTER FOUR History of IOT Internet of Things Advantage and disadvantage of IOT Explain how IOT works Architecture of IOT Andualem T. Application areas of IOT 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 3 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 4 Overview of Internet of Things Overview of Internet of Things Artificial intelligence The most important features of internet of things (IoT) include: IoT makes anything virtually “smart”, meaning it enhances every aspect Artificial intelligence of life with the power of data collection, artificial intelligence algorithms, Connectivity and networks Connectivity Sensors new enabling technologies for networking and specially IOT networking , Active engagement and mean networks are no longer exclusively tied to major provides therefore IOT creates these small networks between its system devices. Small device Sensors IOT loses its distinction without sensors They act as defining instruments that transform from standard passive network of device in to an active system cabling of real world integration.  8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 5 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 6 Overview of Internet of Things Definitions of IOT Active engagement Several groups defined IOT using different definitions IOT introduce a new paradigm for active content , product ,or 1. According to the internet architecture boards definition :- service engagement rather than passive engagement. IOT is networking of smart objects, means a huge number of devices intelligently communicating in the presence of internet protocol that cannot Small device be directly operated by human beings but exist as components in building Those devices has become smaller, cheaper and more vehicles or the environment. powerful over time so IOT exploits purpose built small 2. According to the internet engineering task force (IETF) organizations IOT is the networking of smart objects in which smart objects have some devices to deliver its precision, scalability, and versatility. constraints such as limited bandwidth ,power, and processing accessibility for achieving interoperability among smart objects. 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 7 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 8 Definitions of IOT Definitions of IOT 3. According to the IEEE communications category magazines definition:- Generally, IOT is the network of physical objects or “things” IOT is framework of all things that have a representation of the embedded with electronics , software and network connectivity , presence of the internet in such a way that new applications and services enable the interaction in the physical and virtual world in the which enables these to collect and exchange data. form of machine to machine (M2M)communication in the cloud. Is also a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and 4. According to the oxfords definition digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with IOT is the interaction of everyday objects computing devices through unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network the internet that enables the sending and receiving of useful data. without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction The term Internet of things defines according to the 2020 conceptual IOT is a network of devices that can sense, accumulate and transfer frame work is expressed through simple formula such as:- data over the internet without any human intervention. IOT=services + data +networks + sensors  8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 9 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 10 Definitions of IOT Areas where IOT is applicable Simply stated, the Internet of Things consists of any device with an on/off In connected industry switch connected to the Internet including anything such as:- In smart-city Ranging from cellphones to building maintenance to the jet engine of an airplane In using smart-home Medical devices, such as a heart monitor implant or a biochip transponder in In smart-energy a farm animal can transfer data over a network and are members of the IOT. In connected car The IOT consists of a gigantic network of internet-connected “things” and devices. In the smart agriculture E.g. Ring, a doorbell that links to your smartphone, provides an excellent In connected building and campus example of a recent addition to the Internet of Things means Ring signals you In the health care when the doorbell is pressed and lets you see who it is and to speak with them. In Logistics and other domains 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 11 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 12 IOT systems allow users to achieve deeper automation, analysis, and integration within a system. It also improve the reach of these areas and their accuracy. IOT utilizes existing and emerging technology for sensing, networking, and robotics. IOT exploits recent advances in software, falling hardware prices, and modern attitudes towards technology Its new and advanced elements bring major changes in the delivery of products, goods, and services; and the social, economic, and political impact of those changes.  8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 13 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 14 History of IOT History of IOT The traditional fields of automation (including the automation of The Internet of Things has not been around for very long. buildings and homes), wireless sensor networks, GPS, control systems, since the early 1800s there have been visions of machines communicating with one and others, all support the IoT. another. In 1830s and 1840s Machines have been providing direct communications since the Kevin Ashton, the Executive Director of Auto-ID Labs at MIT, was the telegraph (the first landline) was developed. first to describe the Internet of Things, during his 1999 speech. In June 3, 1900, Described as “wireless telegraphy,” the first radio voice transmission Kevin Ashton stated that Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) was a took place, providing another necessary component for developing the Internet of Things. prerequisite for the Internet of Things. He concluded if all devices were In 1950s The development of computers began. “tagged,” computers could manage, track, and inventory them. In 1962 The Internet, itself a significant component of the IOT, started out as part of To some extent, the tagging of things has been achieved through DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency). technologies such as digital watermarking, barcodes, and QR codes. In 1969 evolved into ARPANET. 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 15 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 16 Advantages of IOT Advantages of IOT Advantages of IoT span across every area of lifestyle and business Here Reduced Waste − IoT makes areas of improvement clear. Current is a list of some of the advantages that IoT has to offer: analytics give us superficial insight, but IoT provides real-world Improved Customer Engagement − Current analytics suffer from information leading to the more effective management of resources. blind-spots and significant flaws inaccuracy; and as noted, engagement Enhanced Data Collection − Modern data collection suffers from its remains passive. IoT completely transforms this to achieve richer and limitations and its design for passive use. IoT breaks it out of those more effective engagement with audiences spaces and places it exactly where humans really want to go to analyze Technology Optimization − The same technologies and data which our world. It allows an accurate picture of everything. improve the customer experience also improve device use, and aid in more potent improvements to technology. IoT unlocks a world of critical functional and field data.  8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 17 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 18 Disadvantage of IOT Challenges of IOT As the number of connected devices increases and more information is shared Security − IoT creates an ecosystem of constantly connected between devices, the potential that a hacker could steal confidential devices communicating over networks. The system offers little information also increases. control despite any security measures. This leaves users exposed If there’s a bug in the system, it’s likely that every connected device will to various kinds of attackers. become corrupted. Since there’s no international standard of compatibility for IoT, it’s difficult Privacy − The sophistication of IoT provides substantial personal for devices from different manufacturers to communicate with each other. data in extreme detail without the user's active participation. Enterprises may eventually have to deal with massive numbers maybe even Flexibility − Many are concerned about the flexibility of an IoT millions of IoT devices and collecting and managing the data from all those system to integrate easily with another. They worry about finding devices will be challenging. themselves with several conflicting or locking systems. 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 19 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 20 Challenges of IOT How does it work An IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded Complexity − Some find IoT systems complicated in terms of processors, sensors and communication hardware to collect, send and act on design, deployment, and maintenance given their use of multiple data they acquire from their environments. technologies and a large set of new enabling technologies. IoT devices share the sensor data they collect by connecting to an IoT gateway Compliance − IoT, like any other technology in the realm of or another edge device where data is either sent to the cloud to be analyzed or business, must comply with regulations. Its complexity makes the analyzed locally. issue of compliance seem incredibly challenging when many Sometimes, these devices communicate with other related devices and act on consider standard software compliance a battle. the information they get from one another Those devices do most of the work without human intervention, although people can interact with the devices. For instance, to set them up, give them instructions or access the data. The connectivity, networking and communication protocols used with these web-enabled devices largely depend on the specific IoT applications deployed.  8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 21 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 22 Architecture of IoT In general, an IoT device can be explained as a network of things that consists of hardware, software, network connectivity, and sensors. The architecture of IoT devices comprises four major components Sensing Network Data processing and Application layers 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 23 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 24 There are three kinds of sensors in IOT device they are 1. Sensing Layer A. Motion Sensors The main purpose of the sensing layer is They can measure the change in motion as well as the orientation of the devices. To identify any phenomena in the devices There are two types of motions one can observe in a device: linear and angular To obtain data from the real world. Linear motion refers to the linear displacement of an IoT device This layer consists of several sensors. Angular motion refers to the rotational displacement of the device. Sensors in IoT devices are usually integrated through sensor hubs. B. Environmental Sensors A sensor hub is a common connection point for multiple sensors that Sensors such as light sensors, pressure sensors etc are embedded in IoT devices accumulate and forward sensor data to the processing unit of a device. to sense the change in environmental parameters in the devices peripheral. Actuators can also interfere to change the physical conditions that Its primary purpose is to help the devices to take autonomous decisions generate the data. according to the changes of a device’s peripheral Example on actuator is shut off a power supply, adjust an airflow valve, For instance, environment sensors are used in many applications to improve user or move a robotic gripper in an assembly process. experience, home automation systems, smart locks, smart lights,  8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 25 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 26 C. Position sensors 3. Data Processing Layer Deal with the physical position and location of the device. The most common position sensors used in IoT devices are Magnetic sensors and Consists of the main data processing unit of IoT devices Global Positioning System (GPS) sensors. It takes data collected in the sensing layer and analyses the data to Magnetic sensors are usually used as digital compass and help to fix the make decisions based on the result. orientation of the device display Global Positioning System is used for navigation purposes in IoT devices. In some IoT devices (e.g., smartwatch, smart home hub, etc.), the data processing layer also saves the result of the previous analysis to 2. Network Layer Acts as a communication channel to transfer data, collected in the sensing layer, improve the user experience. to other connected devices. This layer may share the result of data processing with other In IoT devices, the network layer is implemented by using diverse connected devices via the network layer. communication technologies to allow data flow between other devices within the same network. e.g. Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, ZWAVE, LoRa, cellular network, etc. 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 27 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 28 4. Application Layer Device and Network Implements and presents the results of the data processing layer to Connected devices are part of a scenario in which every device talks to other related devices in an environment to automate home and industrial tasks, and to accomplish different applications of IoT devices. communicate usable sensor data to users, businesses and other interested parties. It’s a user-centric layer that executes various tasks for the users. IoT devices are meant to work in concert for people at home, in industry or in the There exist diverse IoT applications, which includes enterprise. The devices can be categorized into three main groups: Consumer, Enterprise Smart transportation and Industrial. Smart home Consumer connected devices include smart TVs, smart speakers, toys, Personal care wearables, and smart appliances. Healthcare, etc. Industrial and Enterprise IoT devices include smart meters, commercial security systems and smart city technologies such as those used to monitor traffic and weather conditions  8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 29 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 30 IOT tools and platforms Applications of IOT There are many vendors in the industrial IoT platform marketplace, offering Agriculture remarkably similar capabilities and methods of deployment Consumer Use These IoT platform solutions are based on IoT and cloud technology. Insurance They can be used in areas of smart home, city, enterprise, home automation, healthcare or automotive. Healthcare IoT Platform includes: Manufacturing KAA: Manage unlimited number of connected devices Retail SiteWhere: run any number of IoT applications on single SiteWhere Transportation instance Utilities ThingSpeak: collect data in private channels Zetta: supports a wide rage of hacker boards 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 31 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 32 1. IoT Based Smart Home Smart Home Appliances: Refrigerators with LCD screen telling Smart Home initiative allows subscribers to remotely manage and what’s inside, food that’s about to expire, ingredients you need to buy monitor different home devices from anywhere via smartphones or over and with all the information available on a smartphone app and also the web with no physical distance limitations. washing machine. These “smart” devices have the potential to share information with each Safety Monitoring: cameras, and home alarm systems making people other given the permanent availability to access the broadband internet connection. feel safe in their daily life at home. Components those are included in smart home development Intrusion Detection Systems: Detection of window and door Remote Control Appliances: Switching on and off remotely openings and violations to prevent intruders. appliances to avoid accidents and save energy. Energy and Water Use: Energy and water supply consumption Weather: Displays outdoor weather conditions such as humidity, monitoring to obtain advice on how to save cost and resources, & temperature, pressure, wind speed and rain levels with the ability to transmit data over long distances. many more.  8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 33 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 34 2. IOT based smart city 3. IOT based smart Farming The development of smart grids, data analytics, and autonomous vehicles will provide an intelligent platform to deliver innovations in energy Green Houses: Control micro-climate conditions to maximize the management, traffic management, and security, sharing the benefits of this production of fruits and vegetables and its quality. technology throughout society. Compost: Control of humidity and temperature levels in alfalfa, hay, straw, Components those are included in smart city development etc. to prevent fungus and other microbial contaminants. Structural Health: Monitoring of vibrations and material conditions in Offspring Care: Control of growing conditions of the offspring in animal buildings, bridges and historical monuments. farms to ensure its survival and health. Lightning: intelligent and weather adaptive lighting in street lights. Field Monitoring: Reducing spoilage and crop waste with better monitoring, Smart Parking: Real-time monitoring of parking spaces available in the city accurate ongoing data obtaining, and management of the agriculture fields, making residents able to identify and reserve the closest available spaces including better control of fertilizing, electricity and watering. Waste Management: Detection of rubbish levels in containers to optimize the trash Animal Farming/Tracking: Location and identification of animals grazing in open collection routes. Garbage cans and recycle bins with RFID tags allow the sanitation pastures or location in big stables, Study of ventilation and air quality in farms and staff to see when garbage has put out. detection of harmful gases from excrements. 8/8/2021 Fundamental of Information System 35 ? END OF CHAPTER FOUR Next: Chapter Five: Augmented Reality