Chapter 3: The Anatomy of the Nervous System PDF

CHAPTER 3 THE ANATOMY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: SYSTEMS, STRUCTURES, AND CELLS THAT MAKE UP YOUR NERVOUS SYSTEM MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1) The two major divisions of the nervous system are the A) ANS and the CNS. D) ANS and the PNS. B) SNS and the CNS....

CHAPTER 3 THE ANATOMY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: SYSTEMS, STRUCTURES, AND CELLS THAT MAKE UP YOUR NERVOUS SYSTEM MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1) The two major divisions of the nervous system are the A) ANS and the CNS. D) ANS and the PNS. B) SNS and the CNS. E) brain and the spinal cord. C) PNS and the CNS. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 51 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 2) The CNS is composed of two major divisions: the A) ANS and PNS. D) spinal cord and brain stem. B) brain and brain stem. E) none of the above C) SNS and ANS. Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 51 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 3) The ANS is part of the A) sympathetic nervous system. D) CNS. B) parasympathetic nervous system. E) none of the above C) brain. Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 51 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 4) The somatic nervous system A) is part of the PNS. B) participates in sensory and motor interactions with the external environment. C) is part of the ANS. D) all of the above E) both A and B Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 51 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 5) In general, afferent nerves carry sensory information A) to the CNS. D) from the cortex. B) to the PNS. E) from the brain. C) from the CNS. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 51 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 44 Test Bank for Biopsychology, 8/e 6) Neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are part of the A) somatic nervous system. D) peripheral nervous system. B) basal ganglia. E) both C and D C) ANS. Answer: E Diff: 3 Page Ref: 51 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 7) Which part of the PNS projects from only the cranial and sacral portions of the CNS? A) parasympathetic nervous system D) cranial nerves B) sympathetic nervous system E) autonomic nervous system C) somatic nervous system Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 51 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 8) The sympathetic nervous system differs from the parasympathetic nervous system in that the sympathetic nervous system has A) no first-stage neurons. B) no second-stage neurons. C) first-stage neurons that synapse at a substantial distance from the target organ. D) first-stage neurons that synapse close to the target organ. E) both B and C Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 52 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 9) Which of the following generally acts to conserve the body's energy? A) CNS D) parasympathetic nervous system B) PNS E) somatic nervous system C) sympathetic nervous system Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 52 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 10) The first two cranial nerves are A) sensory. D) motor. B) the optic and auditory nerves. E) both A and C C) the facial and auditory nerves. Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 52 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 11) The vagus nerve is A) part of the parasympathetic nervous system. D) both sensory and motor. B) the tenth cranial nerve. E) all of the above C) the longest cranial nerve. Answer: E Diff: 3 Page Ref: 52 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 45  Chapter 3: The Anatomy of the Nervous System Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 12) The dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater are A) neurons. D) meninges. B) neuroglia. E) myelin. C) parts of the autonomic nervous system. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 53 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 13) From outside to inside, the three meninges are the A) Nina, Pinta, and Santa-Maria. D) dura, meninx, and pia. B) arachnoid, dura, and pia. E) dura, arachnoid, and pia. C) dura, pia, and meninx. Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 53 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 14) Adhering to the surface of the brain is the A) tough mother. D) CSF. B) pia mater. E) arachnoid. C) meninx. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 53 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 15) The subarachnoid space is just outside the A) neocortex. D) pia mater. B) arachnoid membrane. E) central canal. C) arachnoid mater. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 53 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 16) How many ventricles are there in the brain? A) 1 D) 2 B) 3 E) none of the above C) 4 Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 53 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 17) The CSF circulates through the A) central canal. D) all of the above B) lateral ventricles. E) both A and B C) subarachnoid space. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 53 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 46 Test Bank for Biopsychology, 8/e 18) Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by A) networks of small blood vessels that protrude into the ventricles. B) the superior sagittal sinus. C) the arachnoid membrane. D) the choroid plexuses. E) both A and D Answer: E Diff: 3 Page Ref: 53 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 19) The cerebral aqueduct connects the A) lateral ventricles. D) circus maximus and the forum. B) third and fourth ventricles. E) left and right hemispheres. C) fourth ventricle and the central canal. Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 53 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 20) When a tumor near the cerebral aqueduct causes cerebrospinal fluid to accumulate in the brain, the disorder is A) hydrocephalus. D) multiple sclerosis. B) Down syndrome. E) Parkinson's disease. C) cranial elephantiasis. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 53 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 21) Hydrocephalus results from the A) production of too much CSF. B) production of excessively watery CSF. C) production of water rather than CSF. D) breakdown of the mechanism that absorbs CSF into the lateral vesicles. E) none of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Page Ref: 53 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 22) The blood brain barrier is A) a spongy bone. D) absent in cases of hydrocephalus. B) the arachnoid space and pia mater. E) none of the above C) an electrochemical organ. Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 54 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 47  Chapter 3: The Anatomy of the Nervous System 23) The blood brain barrier impedes the passage into cerebral neurons of A) most proteins and other large molecules. D) both A and C B) small unnatural molecules. E) both B and C C) glucose. Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 55 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 24) Neurons are specialized to receive, conduct, and transmit A) action potentials. D) electrochemical signals. B) axons. E) pizzas. C) synapses. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 55 Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 25) The cone-shaped structure at the boundary between the cell body and axon of a multipolar neuron is the A) node of Ranvier. D) Golgi complex. B) dendrite. E) mitochondrion C) axon hillock. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 55 Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 26) The soma is A) often myelinated. D) next to the nucleus. B) the cell body. E) smaller than a terminal button. C) covered by nodes of Ranvier. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 55 Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 27) What part of a neuron is sometimes myelinated? A) dendrites D) buttons B) axon E) both A and B C) cell body Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 55 Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 28) Communication among mammalian neurons often occur A) at points where their cell bodies contact one another. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 48 Test Bank for Biopsychology, 8/e B) across gaps called dendrites. C) across synapses. D) at points where their axons contact one another. E) at points where dendrites contact one another. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 55 Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 29) Most of a neuron's DNA is in its A) nucleus. D) mitochondria. B) buttons. E) axon hillock. C) synaptic vesicles. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 56 Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 30) Synaptic vesicles are most prevalent in the A) nucleus. D) synaptic clefts. B) nodes of Ranvier. E) buttons. C) postsynaptic membranes. Answer: E Diff: 1 Page Ref: 56 Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 31) The neuron membrane includes A) a lipid bilayer. D) all of the above B) channel proteins. E) both A and B C) signal proteins. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 57 Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 32) All neurons with one axon and several dendrites emanating from the soma are A) motor. D) bipolar. B) interneurons. E) unipolar. C) multipolar. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 57 Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 33) Interneurons A) integrate activity within a single brain structure; they don’t conduct signals from one structure to another. B) have two short axons but no dendrites. C) have one long axon and one short dendrite. D) have several short axons and no dendrites. E) have bipolar axons and dendrites. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 57 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 49  Chapter 3: The Anatomy of the Nervous System Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 34) Clusters of neural cell bodies in the CNS are called A) neurons. D) nuclei. B) ganglia. E) buttons. C) nerves. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 57 Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 35) Tracts are to nuclei as nerves are to A) nuclei. D) nucleus. B) ganglia. E) cell bodies. C) ganglion. Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 57 Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 36) Multipolar neurons have a single long process emanating from the cell body. This is A) an axon. D) a protein. B) a dendrite. E) a signal protein. C) a button. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 57 Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 37) CNS is to PNS as oligodendrocytes are to A) astrocytes. D) Schwann cells. B) oligodendroglia. E) microglia. C) glial cells. Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 57 Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 38) In the CNS, axons are myelinated by A) vesicles. D) astrocytes. B) oligodendrocytes. E) Schwann cells. C) unipolar cells. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 57 Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 39) Myelination A) causes cancer. D) increases the speed of axonal conduction. B) penetrates the blood brain barrier. E) increases the speed of synaptic transmission. C) occurs only on Schwann cells. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 57 Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 50 Test Bank for Biopsychology, 8/e 40) PNS is to CNS as Schwann cells are to A) multiple sclerosis. D) neuroglia. B) oligodendrocytes. E) satellite cells. C) astrocytes. Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 57 Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 41) Glial cells that engulf cellular debris and trigger inflammation are A) microglia D) oligodendrocytes. B) Schwann cells. E) oligodendroglia. C) astrocytes. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 59 Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 42) The largest glial cells are A) astrocytes. D) magnoglia. B) Schwann cells. E) oligodendrocytes. C) microglia. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 59 Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 43) The Golgi stain colors neurons A) violet. D) red. B) black. E) yellow. C) blue. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 59 Topic: 3.3 Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions 44) The best thing about the Golgi stain is that it A) is opaque. D) stains only Golgi neurons. B) reveals the inner structure of the neuron. E) was developed by a Nobel Prize winner. C) does not stain many neurons. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 59 Topic: 3.3 Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions 45) The discovery of the Golgi stain A) was accidental. B) was one of the major early breakthroughs in the study of the nervous system. C) occurred in 1995. D) all of the above Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 51  Chapter 3: The Anatomy of the Nervous System E) both A and B Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 59 Topic: 3.3 Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions 46) The first neural stain, one which revealed the silhouette of a few neurons on a slide, is A) the Golgi stain. D) both A and B B) red. E) both B and C C) the Nissl stain. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 59 Topic: 3.3 Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions 47) The first neural stain that permitted neuroanatomists to view some aspects of the inner structure of a neuron was the A) Nissl stain. D) amino acid autoradiography stain. B) Golgi stain. E) electron microscope stain. C) Weigert stain. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 60 Topic: 3.3 Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions 48) Nissl stains (e.g., cresyl violet) are frequently used to A) study the fine details of axonal structure. B) determine the general distribution of cell bodies in the nervous system. C) study neural buttons. D) identify axosomatic synapses. E) study the responses of Nissl bodies. Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 60 Topic: 3.3 Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions 49) The fine inner details of neuron structure can be studied best A) with a Nissl stain. D) with a Golgi stain. B) by electron microscopy. E) with a microelectrode. C) with cresyl violet. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 60 Topic: 3.3 Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions 50) The main advantage of the scanning electron microscope over the conventional electron microscope is that it A) operates in light. B) is capable of higher magnification than the ordinary electron microscope. C) produces three-dimensional electron micrographs. D) uses more protons than electrons. E) requires fewer beams of electrons. Answer: C Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 52 Test Bank for Biopsychology, 8/e Diff: 2 Page Ref: 60 Topic: 3.3 Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions 51) To locate the terminals of axons that project from a particular brain structure, an investigator would employ A) a retrograde tracing technique. B) an anterograde tracing technique. C) labeled chemicals that are readily transported to the neuron’s nucleus. D) a Golgi stain. E) a Nissl stain. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 61 Topic: 3.3 Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions 52) The back of your head is A) posterior. D) anterior. B) dorsal. E) ventral. C) inferior. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 61 Topic: 3.3 Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions 53) The top of a dog's head is A) anterior. D) dorsal. B) ventral. E) posterior. C) caudal. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 61 Topic: 3.3 Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions 54) The tip of your nose is A) superior and dorsal. D) anterior and posterior. B) caudal and anterior. E) ventral and dorsal. C) medial and anterior. Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 61 Topic: 3.3 Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions 55) The nose of a rat is A) rostral. D) both A and C B) ventral. E) both B and C C) anterior. Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 61 Topic: 3.3 Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions 56) The spine of a human runs just beneath the Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 53  Chapter 3: The Anatomy of the Nervous System A) ventral surface. D) posterior surface. B) anterior surface. E) superior surface. C) dorsal surface. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 62 Topic: 3.3 Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions 57) Which of the following neuroanatomical directions is commonly used with reference to the brains of humans or other primates, but not with reference to the brains of four-legged creatures? A) inferior D) medial B) caudal E) lateral C) posterior Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 62 Topic: 3.3 Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions 58) A cut in which of the following planes would sever all of the cerebral commissures, the tracts that connect the left and right cerebral hemispheres? A) horizontal D) frontal B) sagittal E) diagonal C) midsagittal Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 62 Topic: 3.3 Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions 59) The H-shape of the spinal gray matter is most obvious in a A) midsagittal section. D) lateral section. B) sagittal section. E) cross section. C) longitudinal section. Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 63 Topic: 3.4 Spinal Cord 60) Gray matter of the spinal cord is largely composed of A) cell bodies and unmyelinated interneurons. D) meninges. B) myelin. E) cerebrospinal fluid. C) myelinated axons. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 63 Topic: 3.4 Spinal Cord 61) White matter is white because A) it is unmyelinated. D) axon membranes are white. B) cell bodies are white. E) myelin is white. C) satellite cells are gray. Answer: E Diff: 1 Page Ref: 63 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 54 Test Bank for Biopsychology, 8/e Topic: 3.4 Spinal Cord 62) In cross section, spinal gray matter has four arms; among these are the two A) ventral roots. D) posterior horns. B) ventral routes. E) both B and D C) ventral horns. Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 63 Topic: 3.4 Spinal Cord 63) How many individual dorsal roots are there in the human nervous system? A) 12 D) 124 B) 31 E) none C) 62 Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 63 Topic: 3.4 Spinal Cord 64) How many left ventral roots are there in the human body? A) 12 D) 124 B) 31 E) none C) 62 Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 63 Topic: 3.4 Spinal Cord 65) Most neurons of the dorsal root synapse in the A) cortex. D) PNS. B) spinal cord. E) ventral horn. C) dorsal root ganglia. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 63 Topic: 3.4 Spinal Cord 66) The neurons of the dorsal roots are A) sensory. D) unipolar. B) motor. E) both A and D C) tracts. Answer: E Diff: 3 Page Ref: 63 Topic: 3.4 Spinal Cord 67) Most neurons of the ventral roots A) are bipolar. D) have their cell bodies in the ventral horn. B) are unipolar. E) are interneurons. C) have their cell bodies in white matter. Answer: D Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 55  Chapter 3: The Anatomy of the Nervous System Diff: 3 Page Ref: 63 Topic: 3.4 Spinal Cord 68) "Encephalon" means within the A) forebrain. D) hemispheres. B) brain stem. E) nervous system. C) head. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 64 Topic: 3.5 Five Major Divisions of the Brain 69) The large lateral outgrowths that compose the telencephalon are the A) eyes. D) ventricles. B) temporal lobes. E) testes. C) cerebral hemispheres. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 64 Topic: 3.5 Five Major Divisions of the Brain 70) This is an illustration of the developing neural tube. The line points to one of the brain’s major divisions, the A) diencephalon. B) metencephalon. C) telencephalon. D) myelencephalon. E) mesencephalon. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 64 Topic: 3.5 Five Major Divisions of the Brain 71) The myelencephalon is often called the A) midbrain. D) medulla. B) hypothalamus. E) cortex. C) brain stem. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 64 Topic: 3.5 Five Major Divisions of the Brain 72) The caudal part of the forebrain is the A) telencephalon. D) reticular formation. B) diencephalon. E) midbrain. C) myelencephalon. Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 65 Topic: 3.5 Five Major Divisions of the Brain Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 56 Test Bank for Biopsychology, 8/e 73) The midbrain is A) part of the mesencephalon. D) part of the brain stem. B) part of the metencephalon. E) both C and D C) the mesencephalon. Answer: E Diff: 3 Page Ref: 64 Topic: 3.5 The Five Major Divisions of the Brain 74) The myelencephalon is A) the medulla. D) all of the above B) part of the hindbrain. E) none of the above C) part of the brain stem. Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 64 Topic: 3.5 Five Major Divisions of the Brain 75) Which of the following is not in the brain stem? A) myelencephalon D) medulla B) mesencephalon E) telencephalon C) metencephalon Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 64 Topic: 3.5 Five Major Divisions of the Brain 76) The myelencephalon is composed largely of A) ganglia. D) ventricles. B) tracts. E) colliculi. C) nerves. Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 64 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 77) Which of the following structures is named after a term that means "little net"? A) reticular formation D) cerebellum B) mesencephalon E) hippocampus C) medulla Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 64 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 78) The reticular formation is in the A) brain stem. D) olfactory bulb. B) cortex. E) spinal cord. C) thalamus. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 65 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 79) This is an illustration of the brain stem. The A) cerebellum. pointer lines point to the B) hypothalamus. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 57  Chapter 3: The Anatomy of the Nervous System C) reticular formation. D) hippocampus. E) tegmentum. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 65 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 80) The reticular formation is in the core of the A) mesencephalon. D) all of the above B) myelencephalon. E) none of the above C) metencephalon. Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 64 & 65 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 81) Which of the following is a large structure visible on the dorsal surface of the human brain stem? A) pituitary D) hypothalamus B) cerebellum E) mammillary body C) optic chiasm Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 65 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 82) The inferior and superior colliculi compose the A) thalamus. D) hippocampus. B) hypothalamus. E) cerebellum. C) tectum. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 65 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 83) The tectum is the roof of the A) metencephalon. D) telencephalon. B) mesencephalon. E) diencephalon. C) myelencephalon. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 65 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 84) Which structure is not part of the tegmentum? A) hypothalamus D) red nucleus B) periaqueductal gray E) cerebral aqueduct C) substantia nigra Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 65 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 58 Test Bank for Biopsychology, 8/e 85) Three major structures in the __________ of the brain are named after a color. A) medulla D) tegmentum B) mesencephalon E) thalamus C) tectum Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 65 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 86) The neural structure situated nearest the opening connecting the third and fourth ventricles is the A) substantia nigra. D) superior colliculi. B) periaqueductal gray. E) cerebral aqueduct. C) red nucleus. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 65 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 87) The hypothalamus and thalamus compose the A) brain stem. D) medulla. B) diencephalon. E) pituitary. C) mesencephalon. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 66 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 59  Chapter 3: The Anatomy of the Nervous System 88) The lateral geniculate, medial geniculate, and ventral posterior nuclei are all nuclei of the A) midbrain. D) medulla. B) spinal cord. E) thalamus. C) cortex. Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 66 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 89) Most sensory nuclei of the thalamus project to the A) cortex. D) substantia nigra. B) reticular formation. E) caudate. C) cerebellum. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 66 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 90) Which of the following part of the diencephalon connects the two lobes of the thalamus? A) massa intermedia D) corpus callosum B) hypothalamus E) hippocampal commissure C) cerebral aqueduct Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 66 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 91) Which of the following thalamic nuclei relays visual information? A) pons D) substantia nigra B) red nucleus E) caudate C) lateral geniculate Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 66 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 92) The lateral geniculate nuclei, medial geniculate nuclei, and ventral posterior nuclei are all A) diencephalic nuclei. D) all of the above B) thalamic nuclei. E) both B and C C) sensory relay nuclei. Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 66 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 93) Which part of the diencephalon regulates the pituitary? A) snot gland D) cerebellum B) hypothalamus E) nasal mucosa C) medial geniculate Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 66 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 60 Test Bank for Biopsychology, 8/e 94) The pituitary gland is situated just inferior to the A) nose. D) thalamus. B) hippocampus. E) hypothalamus. C) cerebellum. Answer: E Diff: 1 Page Ref: 66 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 95) Which of the following is an X-shaped structure? A) spinal white matter D) optic chiasm B) reticular formation E) substantia nigra C) structure that dangles from the diencephalon Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 66 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 96) Which of the following is a point of decussation? A) optic chiasm D) substantia nigra B) hippocampus E) superior colliculus C) temporal lobe Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 66 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 97) If a midsagittal cut were made through the human brain, all of the uncut axons running from the eyes to the brain would be A) on the right side. D) decussating. B) ipsilateral. E) bilateral. C) contralateral. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 66 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 98) The mammillary nuclei are A) bumps visible on the dorsal surface of the medulla. B) visible on the inferior surface of the diencephalon. C) often considered to be nuclei of the hypothalamus. D) found only in females. E) both B and C Answer: E Diff: 3 Page Ref: 66 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 99) This is an illustration of the Answer: D A) thalamic nuclei. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 66&67 B) reticular nuclei. Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain C) cerebral lobes. D) hypothalamic nuclei. E) cerebral fissures. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 61  Chapter 3: The Anatomy of the Nervous System 100) All mammals with lissencephalic brains A) are accountants. D) are clever. B) are flexible. E) are old. C) have small brains. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 67 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 101) The large cortical ridges between fissures are called A) sulci. D) commissures. B) sulcuses. E) lobes. C) gyri. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 67 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 102) Big is to small as fissures are to A) gyri. D) gyrus. B) sulcus. E) sulci. C) commissures. Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 67 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 103) The largest cerebral commissure is the A) corpus callosum. D) humungus commissura. B) massa commissura. E) longitudinal commissure. C) massa intermedia. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 67 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 104) The corpus callosum is the human brain's largest A) neuron. D) commissure. B) nucleus. E) hemisphere. C) fissure. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 67 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 62 Test Bank for Biopsychology, 8/e 105) The longitudinal fissure separates the two hemispheres. Which lobe does not border it? A) temporal lobe D) prefrontal lobe B) frontal lobe E) occipital lobe C) parietal lobe Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 67 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 106) Between the frontal and parietal lobes is the A) central fissure. D) temporal lobe. B) lateral fissure. E) longitudinal fissure. C) corpus callosum. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 67 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 107) The line points to the Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain A) central fissure. B) superior temporal gyrus. C) postcentral fissure. D) longitudinal fissure. E) parietal lobe. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 67&68 108) The lobe at the back of the brain, which serves a visual function, is the A) frontal lobe. D) prefrontal lobe. B) occipital lobe. E) parietal lobe. C) temporal lobe. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 68 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 109) The functions of the occipital cortex are largely A) motor. D) somatosensory. B) visual. E) olfactory. C) auditory. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 68 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 110) Precentral is to postcentral as A) somatosensory is to motor. D) motor is to somatosensory. B) auditory is to motor. E) auditory is to somatosensory. C) somatosensory is to auditory. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 68 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 63  Chapter 3: The Anatomy of the Nervous System Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 64 Test Bank for Biopsychology, 8/e 111) About what proportion of human cerebral cortex is neocortex? A) 10 % D) 60 % B) 25 % E) 90 % C) 40 % Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 68 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 112) Which of the following are multipolar cortical neurons with long axons, apical dendrites, and triangular cell bodies? A) stellate cells D) granule cells B) chandelier cells E) fusiform cells C) pyramidal cells Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 68 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 113) Neocortex contains two fundamentally different kinds of neurons: pyramidal cells and A) apical cells. D) columnar cells. B) bipolar cells. E) none of the above. C) multipolar cells. Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 68 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 114) Which of the following neurons have apical dendrites? A) interneurons D) both A and B B) stellate cells E) none of the above C) pyramidal cells Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 68 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 115) The hippocampus is A) a neocortical structure. D) shaped like a sea horse in cross section. B) in the frontal lobes. E) in the diencephalon. C) six-layered. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 69 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 116) The limbic system and basal ganglia are, for the most part, in the A) telencephalon. D) myelencephalon. B) diencephalon. E) metencephalon. C) mesencephalon. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 69 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 65  Chapter 3: The Anatomy of the Nervous System 117) A neural circuit that includes the septum, cingulate cortex, fornix, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and thalamus is thought to be involved in the regulation of motivated behaviors. This circuit is called the A) basal ganglia. D) cranial nerves. B) paleocortex. E) somatosensory system. C) limbic system. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 69 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 118) A major limbic system tract is the A) corpus callosum. D) fornix. B) reticular formation. E) septum. C) cingulate. Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 69 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 119) Portrayed in this illustration is a neural circuit called the A) basal ganglia. B) visual system. C) limbic system. D) reticular system. E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 70 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 120) Which of the following structures is not part of the limbic system? A) hippocampus D) fornix B) septum E) hypothalamus C) cerebellum Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 70 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 121) Two parts of the limbic system are cortical structures. These two structures are the A) septum and the frontal cortex. D) hippocampus and the amygdala. B) hippocampus and the cingulate. E) frontal cortex and the olfactory bulbs. C) frontal cortex and the basal ganglia. Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref:69& 70 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 66 Test Bank for Biopsychology, 8/e 122) The caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus compose the A) diencephalon. D) basal ganglia. B) limbic system. E) thalamus. C) somatosensory system. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 70 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 123) The caudate and the putamen compose the A) limbic system. D) amygdala. B) globus pallidus. E) uvula. C) striatum. Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 70 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 124) Deterioration of the pathway from the substantia nigra to the striatum is often found in cases of A) Korsakoff's syndrome. D) Alzheimer’s disease. B) Parkinson's disease. E) multiple sclerosis. C) autism. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 70 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 125) Illustrated here A) is the limbic system. B) is the diencephalon. C) is the reticular formation. D) are the basal ganglia. E) none of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 70 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 67  Chapter 3: The Anatomy of the Nervous System FILL-IN-THE-BLANK QUESTIONS 1) The brain and spinal cord compose the __________ system. Answer: central nervous Diff: 1 Page Ref: 50 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 2) The arachnoid membrane is one of the __________. Answer: meninges Diff: 1 Page Ref: 53 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 3) Cerebrospinal fluid fills the four __________ of the brain. Answer: ventricles Diff: 1 Page Ref: 53 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 4) At the junction of the cell body and axon of a multipolar neuron is the __________. Answer: axon hillock Diff: 1 Page Ref: 55 Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 5) Bundles of axons in the CNS are called __________. Answer: tracts Diff: 2 Page Ref: 57 Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 6) Large, star-shaped glial cells are __________. Answer: astrocytes Diff: 2 Page Ref: 59 Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 7) The __________ stain colors entirely black a few neurons in each brain slice. Answer: Golgi Diff: 2 Page Ref: 59 Topic: 3.3 Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions 8) The opposite of dorsal is __________. Answer: ventral Diff: 1 Page Ref: 61 Topic: 3.4 The Spinal Cord 9) It is __________ that gives white matter in the nervous system its glossy white sheen. Answer: myelin Diff: 1 Page Ref: 63 Topic: 3.4 The Spinal Cord 10) Sensory signals enter the spinal cord via the __________ roots. Answer: dorsal Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 68 Test Bank for Biopsychology, 8/e Diff: 2 Page Ref: 63 Topic: 3.4 The Spinal Cord 11) The bulge on the ventral surface of the metencephalon is the __________. Answer: pons Diff: 3 Page Ref: 65 Topic: 3.5 The Five Major Divisions of the Brain 12) The large, two-lobed structure that sits atop the brain stem is the __________. Answer: thalamus Diff: 2 Page Ref: 66 Topic: 3.5 The Five Major Divisions of the Brain 13) The __________ dangles from the hypothalamus. Answer: pituitary Diff: 2 Page Ref: 66 Topic: 3.5 The Five Major Divisions of the Brain 14) The cerebral hemispheres are joined by tracts called cerebral __________. Answer: commissures Diff: 1 Page Ref: 67 Topic: 3.5 The Five Major Divisions of the Brain 15) The temporal lobe is separated from the frontal lobe by the __________ fissure. Answer: lateral Diff: 2 Page Ref: 67 Topic: 3.5 The Five Major Divisions of the Brain 16) Pyramidal cells have __________ dendrites. Answer: apical Diff: 3 Page Ref: 68 Topic: 3.5 The Five Major Divisions of the Brain 17) The three-layered cortical structure of the medial temporal lobe is the __________. Answer: hippocampus Diff: 3 Page Ref: 69 Topic: 3.5 The Five Major Divisions of the Brain 18) __________ means "ring." Answer: Limbic Diff: 2 Page Ref: 69 Topic: 3.5 The Five Major Divisions of the Brain 19) The almond-shaped nucleus of the anterior temporal lobe is the __________. Answer: amygdala Diff: 3 Page Ref: 69 Topic: 3.5 The Five Major Divisions of the Brain 20) The putamen and __________ compose the striatum. Answer: caudate Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 69  Chapter 3: The Anatomy of the Nervous System Diff: 3 Page Ref: 70 Topic: 3.5 The Five Major Divisions of the Brain Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 70 Test Bank for Biopsychology, 8/e ESSAY AND OTHER MULTIPLE-MARK QUESTIONS 1) Describe the overall layout of the divisions and systems of the mammalian nervous system. Include a table in your answer. (Hint: "The mammalian nervous system is a system of twos." ) Answer: 50% for a description of the organization 50% for an accurate table Diff: 2 Page Ref: 52-53 Topic: 3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System Diff: 2 Page Ref: 59-60 Topic: 3.3 Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions 2) Label and define each of the 9 identified parts of this typical multipolar neuron. Answer: 9 marks for correct labels 9 marks for the definitions Diff: 2 Page Ref: 55 Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 71  Chapter 3: The Anatomy of the Nervous System 3) There are several kinds of glial cells in the nervous system. Describe them and their functions. How is our understanding of glial cells currently changing? Answer: 50% for a description of glial cell types and their function 50% for discussing recently discovered functions of glial cells Diff: 3 Page Ref: 57-59 Topic: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 4) Compare Golgi and Nissl neuroanatomical stains, emphasizing the strengths and weaknesses of each. Answer: 25% for describing Golgi staining 25% for describing Nissl staining 50% for comparing the strengths and weaknesses of the two stains Diff: 2 Page Ref: 59-60 Topic: 3.3 Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions 5) With the use of diagrams, describe all neuroanatomical in a conventional vertebrate (e.g., cat) nervous system and in the human nervous system. Answer: 50% for illustrating dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral in a cat 25% for illustrating how this system is adapted to humans 25% for illustrating superior, inferior, proximal, and distal Diff: 3 Page Ref: 61-62 Topic: 3.3 Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions 6) Draw a lateral view of the human cerebral hemispheres. Illustrate the four lobes and label four other structures. Answer: 40% for the drawing 40% for locating the four lobes 20% for labeling four structures Diff: 3 Page Ref: 68 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 7) Draw a midsagittal section of the human brain and label 10 structures. Answer: 50% for the drawing 50% for correctly labeling 10 structures Diff: 3 Page Ref: 72 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 72 Test Bank for Biopsychology, 8/e 8) Label all 14 parts of this midsagittal view of a human brain. Answer: 14 marks for correctly labeling 14 structures Diff: 2 Page Ref: 72 Topic: 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 73