Nervous System Overview Quiz

Part of the autonomic nervous system that generally conserves energy.

Nerves that originate directly from the brain, not the spinal cord.

The tenth cranial nerve, important for parasympathetic functions.

Protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.

Outermost, tough covering of the meninges.

Innermost layer of the meninges that closely adheres to the brain.

Fluid-filled cavities within the brain that help circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

Fluid circulating through the brain and spinal cord that cushions and protects.

Large structure on dorsal surface of the brain stem.

Part of the tectum in the mesencephalon (midbrain).

Roof of the mesencephalon (midbrain).

Hypothalamus is not part of the tegmentum.

Red nucleus, substantia nigra and periaqueductal gray are in tegmentum, midbrain.

Periqueductal gray near the connection of the two ventricles.

Includes the hypothalamus and thalamus.

The lateral geniculate, medial geniculate, and ventral posterior nuclei are in the thalamus.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is made by the choroid plexuses, networks of blood vessels in the brain's ventricles.

The cerebral aqueduct links the third and fourth ventricles.

Hydrocephalus, a brain swelling, is caused by CSF buildup usually due to blockage in the brain's aqueduct.

The blood-brain barrier prevents large molecules from entering the brain.

The blood-brain barrier is not a material, but is a network that impedes the passage of large molecules.

The blood-brain barrier keeps out most proteins and large molecules.

Neurons receive, carry, and send electrochemical signals.

The axon hillock is the cone-shaped area where the cell body meets the axon in a multipolar neuron.

Tracts are bundles of axons within the central nervous system (CNS), while nerves are bundles of axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Multipolar neurons have multiple dendrites and a single axon extending from the cell body.

Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons in the central nervous system (CNS), while Schwann cells myelinate axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

In the central nervous system (CNS), axons are myelinated by oligodendrocytes.

Myelination increases the speed of axonal conduction.

Schwann cells are to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) as oligodendrocytes are to the central nervous system (CNS).

Microglia are glial cells that engulf cellular debris and trigger inflammation in the CNS.

Astrocytes are the largest glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS).

The posterior part of the head, opposite to the front.

The dorsal side of the head, the top.

Anterior and medial, meaning towards the front and middle of the face.

Rostral and anterior, meaning towards the front.

The spine is located on the dorsal surface of the human body.

Inferior (toward the bottom) is a direction used primarily in primates.

A midsagittal plane cuts the brain into left and right halves, severing all commissural tracts.

The H-shape of the spinal gray matter is most easily seen in a cross-section.

The mammalian nervous system is organized in pairs.

Multipolar neurons have cell body, dendrites, axon, axon hillock, and terminal buttons.

Glial cells support and protect neurons, maintain homeostasis, and also have complex roles.

Golgi stains entire neurons, while Nissl stains cell bodies.

Neuroanatomical terms describe relative locations (e.g., anterior, posterior) in the brain.

The four lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital) and other structures.

A midsagittal section shows brain structures viewed from the middle.

Techniques like Golgi and Nissl stains, allow researchers to visualize different structures.