Social and Primary Health Care Services: Part 2 PDF

Social and Primary Health Care Services: part 2 MSc. Nour Nabil Abd-Alqader, Collage of Pharmacy, Jerash University Public Health Table of contents 0 0 0 1 2 3 Primary Barriers for Objectives o...

Social and Primary Health Care Services: part 2 MSc. Nour Nabil Abd-Alqader, Collage of Pharmacy, Jerash University Public Health Table of contents 0 0 0 1 2 3 Primary Barriers for Objectives of Health care PHC PHC elements implementa tion Objectives of Primary Health Care (PHC) To increase the programs and services that affect the healthy growth and development of children and youth. To boost participation of the community with government and community sectors to improve the health of their community. To develop community satisfaction with the primary health care system. Objectives of Primary Health Care (PHC) To provide reasonable and timely access to primary health care services. To apply the standards of accountability in professional practice. To establish, within available resources, primary health care teams and networks. To support the provision of comprehensive, integrated, and Objectives of Primary Health Care (PHC) To support and advocate for healthy public policy within all sectors and levels of government. To support and encourage the implementation of provincial public health policies and direction. Elements of PHC  Education for Health To implement this element there should be a stepwise approach: 1. Providers should be trained to understand Health behaviors and health education. 2. Establishing good relationships and communication with people encouraging them to participate. 3. Planning for education by collecting information regarding health problems, community priories and the appropriate methods. 4. Implementing health education on different levels  Education for Health To implement this element there should be a stepwise approach: 1. Education with individuals 2. Education with groups 3. Education with community Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases 1. Eliminate the Infective agents 2. Interrupt transmission of diseases 3. Reduce host susceptibility 4. Public Health have achieved so much in Cd control e.g Eradication of small pox, Near elimination of poliomyelitis, guinea worm and 5. Epidemiological transition is an emerging factor in CD control Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases 1. Infective agent: sanitary disposal of faeces, elimination of human and animal reservoirs 2. Route of transmission: provide safe water, protect food from contamination, control flies and good personal hygiene, food handlers, food preservation, raw food products. 3. Host: specific immunization, chemoprophylaxis and specific treatments. Provision of Essential Drugs Essential medicines are those that satisfy the priority health care needs of the population. They are selected with due regard to disease prevalence and public health relevance, evidence of efficacy and safety and comparative cost- effectiveness. They are intended to be available in functioning health systems at all times, in appropriate dosage forms, of assured quality and at prices individuals and health systems can afford. Provision of Essential Drugs Maternal and child health care Next lecture  Immunization Immunization is a key component of primary health care and an indisputable human right. vaccines reduce risks of getting a disease by working with your body’s natural defences to build protection. When you get a vaccine, your immune system responds. Vaccines are also critical to the prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks. They underpin global health security and will be a vital tool in the battle against antimicrobial resistance.  Immunization People-focused: Immunization programs will be designed and tailored to the needs and social and cultural preferences of people and communities. Country-owned: National strategies and plans to build and sustain robust immunization programs will strengthen health systems and primary health care in order to attain universal health coverage. Partnership-based: Public and private partnerships will be formed, including with partners beyond the health sector, with the private sector and with civil society organizations, for coordinated strengthening of immunization programs. Data-guided: Data, evidence and best practice will guide strengthening of immunization programs and improve their design and performance for universal health coverage. Immunization : areas of focus Immunization in primary health care: Ensure that sustainable immunization programs are an integral part of the national primary health care strategies and operations, and of national strategies for universal health coverage. Leadership, governance and management: Create an environment for effective coordination, financial management and performance monitoring at every level of the immunization program. Health workforce: Ensure the availability and appropriate distribution of health workers who are motivated, skilled, knowledgeable and appropriately resourced to plan, manage, implement and monitor the performance of immunization programs at all levels and locations, as part of primary health care. Immunization : areas of focus Supply chain and logistics: Strengthen supply chains to ensure that high-quality vaccines are always available in the right quantity and form at the right time, in the right place and stored and distributed under the right conditions. Vaccine-preventable disease surveillance: Increase the efficiency, responsiveness and comprehensiveness of disease surveillance (including epidemiology and laboratory capacity) in order to: encourage the introduction of vaccines; optimize immunization programs; measure the impact of vaccines; monitor disease control, elimination and eradication; and detect, investigate and respond to outbreaks. Monitoring vaccine safety.  Food supply and proper Nutrition Key nutrition interventions recommended by WHO include: 1. providing iron and folic acid supplements as part of antenatal care; 2. delaying umbilical cord clamping to ensure babies receive important nutrients they need after birth; 3. promoting, protecting and supporting breastfeeding; 4. providing advice on diet such as limiting the intake of free sugars in adults and children; and 5. limiting salt intake to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke.  Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries Essential (primary) hypertension Hyperlipidemia, unspecified Type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications Hypothyroidism, unspecified GERD Osteoarthritis Depressive disorders, excluding bipolar depression and adjustment reaction with depressed mood Acute respiratory infections Retinal detachment and other retinal disorders, diabetic retinopathy Allergic rhinitis  Adequate Supply of Water and Sanitation Poor sanitation is linked to transmission of diarrhoeal diseases such as cholera and dysentery, as well as typhoid, intestinal worm infections and polio. It exacerbates stunting and contributes to the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Contaminated water and poor sanitation are linked to transmission of diseases such as cholera, diarrhoea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid and polio. Absent, inadequate, or inappropriately managed water and sanitation services expose individuals to preventable health risks.  Adequate Supply of Water and Sanitation The drinking-water guidelines are supported by background publications that provide the technical basis for the Guidelines recommendations. WHO also supports countries to implement the drinking-water quality guidelines through the development of practical guidance materials and provision of direct country support. This includes the development of locally relevant drinking-water quality regulations aligned to the principles in the Guidelines, the development, implementation and auditing of water safety plans and strengthening of surveillance practices.  Adequate Supply of Water and Sanitation Benefits of improved sanitation extend well beyond reducing the risk of diarrhoea. These include: 1. reducing the spread of intestinal worms, schistosomiasis and trachoma, which are neglected tropical diseases that cause suffering for millions; 2. reducing the severity and impact of malnutrition; 3. promoting dignity and boosting safety, particularly among women and girls; 4. promoting school attendance: girls’ school attendance is particularly boosted by the provision of separate sanitary facilities; 5. reducing the spread of antimicrobial resistance; 6. potential recovery of water, renewable energy and nutrients from faecal waste; and 7. potential to mitigate water scarcity through safe use of  The Challenges for Implementation of PHC? Poor staffing and shortage of health personnel Inadequate technology and equipment Poor condition of infrastructure/infrastructure gap, especially in the rural areas Concentrated focus on curative health services rather than preventive and promotive health care services. Challenging geographic distribution Poor quality of health care services Lack of financial support in health care programs Lack of community participation Poor distribution of health workers/health workers concentrated on the urban areas. Lack of inter-sectoral collaboration Thank you