B4 Organising Animals and Plants - OCR Past Paper - PDF

Summary

This document is a collection of slides from a presentation on B4 Organising Animals and Plants. Key biological topics like the respiratory system, circulatory system, heart, heart disease, and blood are discussed with diagrams to aid understanding. The material is likely intended for secondary school students learning about biology.

Full Transcript

29/09/2024 B4 Organising animals and plants The Respiratory System 29/09/2024 29/09/2024 Diffusion in the lungs Oxygen diffuses in and carb...

29/09/2024 B4 Organising animals and plants The Respiratory System 29/09/2024 29/09/2024 Diffusion in the lungs Oxygen diffuses in and carbon dioxide diffuses out of blood in the lungs: CO2 Alveoli have three things that help them to do this job: a massive surface area, a moist lining that is only one cell thick and a very good blood supply. 29/09/2024 The Circulatory system The circulatory system is responsible for pumping ______ around the body. We need blood to be taken around the body because blood contains ________ and _______. These are needed so that all the ____ in our bodies can produce _____ through _________. The main organs in the circulatory system are the _____, the lungs and the kidneys. Words – energy, heart, blood, glucose, respiration, oxygen, cells 29/09/2024 “Double Circulation” 1) Blood gets pumped from the 2) The blood is then taken right ventricle in the heart to the back to the heart… lungs and picks up oxygen. 3) The left ventricle of the heart then pumps the blood to the intestine (where oxygen and glucose are removed)... 5) After the oxygen and glucose have been removed for respiration the blood is sent back to the heart and starts again 4) … and to the rest of the body (where oxygen is also removed) 29/09/2024 The Heart (in more detail) 1. Deoxygenated blood 4. Oxygenated blood from (i.e. blood without the lungs enters through oxygen) enters through the pulmonary vein into the vena cava into the the left atrium right atrium 2. It’s then pumped through the tricuspid 5. It’s then pumped valve into the right through a valve into the ventricle left ventricle 3. It’s then pumped through a 6. It’s then pumped out valve up to the lungs through of the aorta to the rest of the pulmonary artery the body 29/09/2024 Heart rate and Pacemakers The heart beat is normally controlled by a group of _____ on the _____ hand side of the heart called the “pacemaker”. These cells control the heart rate by producing small ______ impulses that cause the heart to _______. If the pacemaker fails, an _______ pacemaker can be fitted. Words – artificial, right, cells, electrical, contract 29/09/2024 Arteries, veins and capillaries Arteries carry high pressure blood away Capillaries have thin walls (one cell from the heart. They have smaller thick) to allow glucose and oxygen lumen and no valves. to pass through. Also used to connect arteries to veins. “Lumen” Veins carry low pressure blood back to the heart. They have thinner, less elastic walls and have valves to prevent backflow of blood. 29/09/2024 The four parts of blood 1. RED BLOOD CELLS – contain haemoglobin and carry ______ around the body. They have no _______ and a large surface area. 2. PLATELETS – small bits of cells that lie around waiting for a cut to happen so that they can ____ (for a scab). 3. WHITE BLOOD CELLS – these help the body fight _________. These three are all carried around by the PLASMA (a straw-coloured liquid). Plasma transports CO2 and ______ as well as taking away waste products to the ______. Words – clot, kidneys, oxygen, nucleus, glucose, infection 29/09/2024 Heart disease In coronary heart disease layers of fatty material build up. What affect does this have on the heart? Drugs called “statins” can be used to reduce cholesterol levels and slow down the build up of fatty material. 29/09/2024 Heart disease Arteries can narrow due to cholesterol and other factors. If this happens a “stent” may be needed: 29/09/2024 Mending the Heart What are the pros and cons of using the following artificial products?

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