Spanish-American War & American Imperialism PDF

Ch. 20 Spanish- General Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Polic...

Ch. 20 Spanish- General Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy American War Why did the U.S. go to war against Spain in 1898, and why was the outcome signi cant? Cubans Fighting for Independence Killed over 150,000 Cubans 1 2 3 “Yellow Journalism” & Jingoism De Lôme Letter Dupuy de Lôme, Spanish Ambassador to the U.S., to Spain’s Foreign Minister What he says about Pres. McKinley: “Besides the ingrained and inevitable bluntness with Joseph Pulitzer which is repeated all that the press and public opinion in of NY World Spain have said about Weyler, it once more shows what McKinley is, weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd besides being a would-be politician (politicastro) who tries to leave a door open behind himself while keeping on good terms with the jingoes of his party.” William Randolph Hearst of NY Journal 4 5 6 Explosion of the Maine February 15, 1898 8 Destruction of the U.S. battleship Maine in Havana Harbor February 15, 1898 7 8 9  fi  Remember the Maine “Awake United States” and to Hell with Spain! This song was rushed into print between the sinking of the Maine on February 15, 1898, and the declaration of war on April 25, 1898. Eagle soar on high, and sound the battle cry! And how proudly sailed the warship Maine, a Nation’s pride, without a stain! A wreck she lies, her sailors slain. By two-faced butchers, paid by Spain! Eagle soar on high, And sound the battle cry Wave the starry flag! In mud it shall not drag! Funeral for Maine Go to SHEG Maine 10 victims in Havana 10 11 12 Theodore Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of the War begins in the Navy in McKinley April 25, 1898 Philippines. administration. U.S. declares war Imperialist, jingoist, and against Spain nationalist. Criticized President McKinley as having the backbone of a chocolate éclair! 13 14 15 Dewey: ”You may fire when you The Spanish-American War (1898): The Spanish-American War (1898): “That Splendid Little War” are ready, Gridley" Cuba 16 17 18  The Treaty of Paris: 1898-99 Cuban Independence? TR and Teller Amendment (1898): We said we wouldn’t keep Cuba. Cuban independence the Senator Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island of Rough Orville Platt Guam to U.S. Riders The US paid Spain $20 mil for the Platt Amendment (1903) Philippines. 1. Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would endanger its independence. 2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt. https://indiana.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ 702dc89e-2f9a-4460-8486-bf259923107e/ 3. Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval and alone-in-cuba-the-roosevelts/ coaling station. 4. Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt. 19 20 21 Ch. 21 American Imperialism: Acquiring and Hawaii Managing Global Power 22 23 24 Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani US Takeover ★1893 – American businessmen backed an uprising against Queen Liliuokalani. ★Sanford Dole proclaims the Hawaiian Republic of Hawaii in 1894. Annexation cousin to Dole fruit guy Ceremony, ★Cleveland won’t support Dole but 1898 McKinley does ★McKinley - “We must have Hawaii to help us get our share of China.” 25 26 27  Our “Sphere of Influence” The Imperialist Tailor 28 29 30 TR and the World McKinley’s assassination makes TR pres. in 1901 TR wants a bigger global role for U.S. Russo-Japanese War (1904-05) - TR brokers peace treaty between Japan and Russia http://www.swarthmore.edu/Humanities/pschmid1/school-begins-lg.htm# 31 32 33 Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick! https://wbgu.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/0ebdbd63-2d01-4db5-9d1a-236f41831ef5/theodore-roosevelt-and-the-panama-canal-the-roosevelts/ The Roosevelt Corollary to the Panama Canal Monroe Doctrine: 1905 Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere, the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in TR in Panama flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an (Construction lasts international police power. from 1904-1914) Cost is $380 million https://wbgu.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/speak-softly-video/the-roosevelts/ Adam Ruins Everything Clip 34 35 36 The Great White Fleet: 1907-09 Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy” Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy” Circumnavigated Globe Improve financial opportunities for U.S. businesses. The U. S. should be the 16 ships painted white conscience of the world. Encourage and protect U.S. investments in Latin America Spread democracy. TR wanted to show our power and Asia Promote peace. U.S. should create stability Self Determination- people and order abroad that would choose their own govt. best promote America’s commercial interests. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79sxHMSJSYQ 37 38 39 U. S. Global Investments & Investments in Latin America, 1914 Mexico 21.3 U.S. Involvement in Latin America 40 41 42 The Mexican Revolution: 1910-1920 The Mexican Revolution: 1910-1920 Villa attacks Columbus, NM 1916 Emiliano Zapata 17 Americans killed Diaz was overthrown - Madero came to power Huerta seizes control of Mexico and puts Madero in prison, where he is murdered. Wilson calls it “a govt. of butchers.” The U.S. also occupied Veracruz, and Huerta left Pancho Villa Venustiano the country. Carranza Pancho Villa Eventually, Carranza(U.S.supported) would gain Porfirio power in Mexico.--Villa and Zapata fought against General John J. Pershing Diaz him Francisco I Madero 43 44 45  The Mexican Revolution U.S. General John J. Pershing chased Villa all over but never caught him Brought the U.S. and Mexico close to war We left Mexico because of WWI 46 47 48 Puerto Rico Statement from President William McKinley, 1900 When I next realized that the Philippines had dropped into ★1900 - Foraker Act. our laps I confess I did not know what to do with them. I ★ended military rule sought counsel from all sides—Democrats as well as ★civilian govt in charge but still not Republicans—but got little help. I thought rst we would take only Manila; then Luzon; then other islands perhaps citizens also. I walked the oor of the White House night after night ★1917- Jones Act gives them U.S. until midnight; and I am not ashamed to tell you, gentlemen, that I went down on my knees and prayed Almighty God for citizenship and makes PR a territory light and guidance more than one night. And one night late it ★Import duties on PR goods came to me this way—I don’t know how it was, but it came: ★1952- became a U.S. commonwealth (1) That we could not give them back to Spain—that would be cowardly and dishonorable; (2) that we could not turn ★PR controls own $ and has own laws them over to France and Germany—our commercial rivals in the Orient—that would be bad business and discreditable; 49 50 51 (3) that we could not leave them to themselves—they Speech from Senator Alfred Beveridge (R- Speech from William Jennings Bryan, Democratic Presidential candidate, 1900 were un t for self-government— and they would soon If it is right for the United States to hold the Philippine Islands Indiana) in Congress on January 9, 1900 permanently and imitate European empires in the government have anarchy and misrule over there worse than Spain’s …These children [Filipinos]… are not capable of of colonies, the Republican Party ought to state its position and was; and (4) that there was nothing left for us to do but self-government… How could they be? They are… defend it, but it must expect the subject races to protest against to take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift such a policy and to resist to the extent of their ability. The instructed by Spaniards in the latter’s worst estate. and civilize and Christianize them, and by God’s grace Filipinos do not need any encouragement from Americans now They know nothing of practical government except do the very best we could by them, as our fellow-men living. Our whole history has been an encouragement, not only for whom Christ also died. And then I went to bed, and as they have witnessed the weak, corrupt, cruel, and to the Filipinos but to all who are denied a voice in their own went to sleep, and slept soundly, and the next morning I capricious [unpredictable] rule of Spain… How shall government. If the Republicans are prepared to censure sent for the chief engineer of the War Department (our they, in the twinkling of an eye, be exalted [elevated] [punish] all who have used language calculated to make the map-maker), and I told him to put the Philippines on the to the heights of self-governing peoples which Filipinos hate foreign domination, let them condemn the required a thousand years for us to reach, Anglo- speech of Patrick Henry. When he uttered that passionate map of the United States (pointing to a large map on the appeal, "Give me liberty or give me death," he expressed a wall of his of ce), and there they are, and there they will Saxon [white] though we are? sentiment which still echoes in the hearts of men. stay while I am President! 52 53 54 fi fi fl fi Philippine-American War The “Water Cure” used by Americans during the started 1899-lasted 3 years Philippine Insurrection to get information. Led by Emilio Aguinaldo guerrilla warfare atrocities on both sides Est. 20,000 Filipino soldiers, 200,000 Filipino civilians and 4,000 Americans http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/ died 2008/02/25/080225fa_fact_kramer?currentPage=all 55 56 57 The Open Door Policy The Boxer Rebellion: 1900 China Secretary John Hay. Give all nations equal access to trade in China. Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power. 58 59 60