CFE-CRI-010 Criminology Exam PDF

PHINMA-UNIVERSITY OF PANGASINAN COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION COMMON FINAL EXAM CRI 010 – INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY 1. What is the Latin root word for "Criminology" and what does it mea...

PHINMA-UNIVERSITY OF PANGASINAN COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION COMMON FINAL EXAM CRI 010 – INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY 1. What is the Latin root word for "Criminology" and what does it mean? A. Crimen, meaning law B. Crimen, meaning offense C. Logos, meaning word D. Logos, meaning study 2. What is the primary focus of criminology as a field of study? A. It studies the biological causes of crime only. B. It primarily focuses on the punishment of offenders. C. It focuses only on the laws that define criminal behavior. D. It is concerned with the making of laws, breaking of laws, and society's reaction to the breaking of laws. 3. If a researcher is studying the psychological factors that influence criminal behavior, which principal division of criminology are they most likely focused on? A. Sociology of Law B. Criminal Etiology C. Penology D. Criminalistics 4. If a researcher is studying how laws affect people in society and why certain behaviors are considered crimes, which part of criminology are they focusing on? A. Sociology of Law B. Criminal Etiology C. Penology D. Criminalistics 5. What is one of the main aims of studying criminology? A. To increase the crime rate B. To understand crimes and criminals C. To promote criminal behavior D. To join a law enforcement agency 6. Why is criminology considered a multidisciplinary field? A. It focuses on the study of laws and training to arrest criminals B. It incorporates perspectives from different fields to understand crime C. It studies the physical evidence at crime scenes and collects them D. It is a field that only applies to law enforcement officers 7. If a social worker uses knowledge from criminology to help rehabilitate a juvenile delinquent, what significance of studying criminology are they applying? A. render a crimeless society B. Enhances official understanding of criminals C. Conditions conducive to social solidarity D. Reformative treatment and rehabilitation 8. How does studying criminology help in understanding the role of law enforcement in society? A. By emphasizing the importance of only punitive measures and the apprehension or criminals B. By highlighting the need for scientific knowledge in crime prevention and law enforcement C. By promoting the view that all criminals are beyond reformation and rehabilitation D. By suggesting that law enforcement should focus solely on punishment and retribution 9. What is a scientific theory according to the content provided? A. A random guess about natural phenomena B. An explanation that cannot be tested or proven C. A statement that explains the relationship between abstract concepts in a meaningful way D. A set of statements or principles based on speculation without any empirical evidence 10. If a criminologist observes a high crime rate in areas with low employment and hypothesizes that economic conditions influence criminal behavior, which stage of theory development are they engaging in? A. Speculative  B. Descriptive C. Constructive D. Predictive 11. A researcher collects data on crime rates in different neighborhoods and finds a consistent pattern that crime rates are higher in areas with fewer social services. Which stage of theory development does this represent? A. Speculative B. Descriptive C. Constructive D. Evaluative 12. How can criminological theories be evaluated to determine their effectiveness and usefulness? A. By using only the opinions of experts B. By relying solely on anecdotal evidence C. By considering their popularity among the public D. By testing them for clarity, testability, practical usefulness, and empirical validity 13. What is the main idea behind the Classical School of Criminology? A. Crime is caused by external factors beyond an individual's control. B. Individuals are rational beings who choose actions based on the benefits C. Criminal behavior is inherited and can be identified by physical characteristics. D. Criminals are products of their social environment and cannot be held morally responsible. 14. What differentiates the Neo-Classical School from the Classical School of Criminology? A. It focuses solely on the punishment of crimes. B. It introduces the idea that certain individuals, like children and lunatics, cannot be held fully responsible for their actions due to their inability to calculate pain and pleasure. C. It believes that criminal behavior is determined by social and economic conditions. D. It suggests that criminal behavior is a result of inherited traits. 15. A judge decides to give a lighter sentence to a minor because they believe the minor lacks the maturity to fully understand the consequences of their actions. Which school of thought does this align with? A. Classical School B. Neo-Classical School C. Positivist School D. Utilitarian School 16. A criminologist studies how economic hardship in a community leads to increased crime rates and argues that crime is a result of social and environmental factors. Which school of thought does this perspective belong to? A. Classical School B. Neo-Classical School C. Positivist School D. Biological School 17. A policy-maker argues that all individuals, regardless of their background or mental state, should receive the same punishment for committing the same crime. This argument best aligns with which school of criminological thought? A. Neo-Classical School B. Positivist School C. Classical School D. Sociological School 18. In a legal case, a judge considers the age and mental capacity of a defendant when deciding the punishment. This approach reflects the principles of which criminological school? A. Positivist School B. Classical School C. Neo-Classical School D. Biological School 19. How does the Classical School of Criminology view punishment in relation to deterring crime? A. It should be based on the offender's background and personal circumstances. B. It should be severe enough to cause more pain than the pleasure C. It should only focus on rehabilitation rather than deterrence. D. It should be administered according to the psychological profile of the criminal. 20. Which school of thought would likely argue that a crime prevention strategy focusing solely on harsher punishments is inadequate without addressing social, economic, and environmental factors? A. Classical School B. Neo-Classical School C. Positivist School D. Utilitarian School 21. Which of the following best defines "law" as described in the fundamental concepts of criminal justice? A. A system of morals for personal conduct B. A rule of conduct made obligatory by legitimate authority C. A set of beliefs held by the majority of people in a society D. An agreement between two parties for mutual benefit 22. According to the concept of law and crime, why is it important to have a law before labeling an act as a crime? A. To establish a standard by which the act can be judged as criminal B. To ensure everyone has a fair chance to commit the act or omission C. To provide guidelines for police officers on whom to apprehend D. To create opportunities for rehabilitation 23. If someone is unsure whether their actions are legal, which of the following sources should they check to find out if their actions might be considered a crime? A. Local newspapers B. Social media posts C. TV news channels D. The Revised Penal Code 24. Why is it important to understand the different sources of criminal law, like the Revised Penal Code or special penal laws? A. To know which laws are the most interesting to the ordinary citizens B. To identify which laws might be changed in the future and will have retroactive effect C. To understand what actions are considered crimes and how they are punished D. To find out which laws were made by the different local government agencies 25. Which factor would be considered in the economic approach to understand why crime rates might be higher in certain areas? A. The psychological profile of offenders B. The level of self-consciousness among individuals C. The geographic location and climate of certain areas D. The distribution of wealth and resources in the community 26. If a researcher finds that high crime rates are associated with specific behavioral patterns such as increased aggression in hot climates, what approach are they likely using to analyze this phenomenon? A. Psychological B. Demographical C. Geographical D. Economic 27. A researcher is studying why certain areas with high population densities experience more frequent violent crimes. They examine the relationship between crime rates and the high number of people living in those areas. Which approach is the researcher using to analyze this issue? A. Geographical B. Demographical C. Psychological D. Sociological 28. How are the epidemiological and sociological approaches similar in understanding crime? A. Both consider social interactions as factors in criminal behavior B. Both focus on geographical location C. Both analyze the distribution of wealth D. Both rely on behavioral disorders as explanations 29. How might the biological approach assist in understanding habitual criminal behavior? A. By examining inherited physical traits in families B. By studying unequal opportunities between groups C. By focusing on social conflicts in the environment D. By analyzing population size and density 30. How do the geographical and economic approaches differ in explaining crime? A. Geographical focuses on wealth distribution, while economic focuses on location B. Geographical focuses on location, while economic focuses on wealth distribution C. Both focus on population size D. Both focus on physical traits 31. How are the epidemiological and sociological approaches similar in understanding crime? A. Both focus on geographical location B. Both analyze the distribution of wealth C. Both rely on behavioral disorders as explanations D. Both consider social interactions as factors in criminal behavior 32. In what way could the ecology approach be useful in crime prevention strategies? A. By focusing on individual behavior B. By studying the distribution of wealth C. By changing the geographical location of communities D. By reducing social conflicts and improving environmental conditions 33. Which approach would be most effective in understanding crime in a specific region where certain types of crime increase during particular seasons? A. Biological Approach B. Endemic Approach C. Subjective Approach D. Descriptive Approach 34. What does the therapeutic approach propose about criminals? A. Criminals are a result of glandular malfunctioning B. Criminal behavior is inherited through family traits C. Criminals are shaped by factors within both themselves and society D. Criminals are predisposed to violence due to environmental influences 35. What does the biological approach suggest about the causes of crime? A. Crime is influenced by external environmental factors. B. Crime is caused by social inequality and economic factors. C. Crime is caused by mental disorders and psychological conditions. D. Crime results from internal factors such as genetics and physical traits. 36. In a case where a criminal shows strong mental health issues, which approach would provide the most relevant explanation of the crime? A. Organic Psychosis Approach B. Economic Approach C. Social Approach D. Causal Approach 37. Which approach explains criminal behavior by focusing on internal factors like biological and mental traits? A. Economic Approach B. Subjective Approach C. Objective Approach D. Social Approach 38. Which approach do you think is more comprehensive for explaining crime: the subjective approach focusing on internal factors, or the objective approach focusing on external social and economic factors? A. Neither, both fail to account for environmental factors B. Subjective Approach, because it focuses on individual traits which are the root causes of crime. C. Objective Approach, because it considers broader societal influences that shape criminal behavior. D. Both are equally important, as crime results from a combination of internal and external factors. 39. Which two approaches would be most relevant in studying how economic inequality contributes to crime? A. Economic Approach and Social Approach B. Descriptive Approach and Subjective Approach C. Functional Psychosis Approach and Heredity Approach D. Physiological Approach and Organic Psychosis Approach 40. If a researcher is studying crimes committed due to religious and political influences, which approach would best suit their research?  A. Twin Research Approach B. Economic Approach C. Physiological Approach D. Functional Psychosis Approach 41. How does the descriptive approach contribute to understanding crime? A. By focusing on the economic background of criminals B. By providing a detailed description of the phenomenon of crime C. By studying local conditions that may lead to criminal behavior D. By examining the mental health conditions of offenders 42. Given two offenders: one who grew up in extreme poverty and another who shows signs of severe mental illness, which approach—economic or functional psychosis—would be more relevant in understanding each offender's criminal behavior? A. The economic approach is more relevant for both offenders because poverty influences criminal behavior universally. B. The functional psychosis approach is more relevant for both offenders, as mental illness is the primary cause of crime. C. The economic approach is more relevant for the offender from poverty, while the functional psychosis approach is more relevant for the offender with mental illness. D. Neither approach is useful, as crime results primarily from social factors unrelated to poverty or mental illness. 43. Which of the following describes a crime where the offender acquires something? A. Extinctive B. Acquisitive C. Episodic D. Rational 44. How would you classify a crime committed by someone who is unaware of the nature and quality of their actions due to a disease of the mind? A. Rational B. Irrational C. Situational D. Episodic 45. If a crime takes place in several locations, how is it classified? A. Static B. Instant C. Transitory D. Extinctive 46. Which of the following best defines law? A. Law is a suggestion for ethical conduct created by communities. B. Law is a rule of conduct made obligatory by legitimate authority C. Law is a personal belief system used to regulate individual behavior. D. Law is a set of rules created by private organizations to manage their members. 47. Which statement best explains the relationship between the Constitution and judicial decisions in the Philippine legal system? A. Judicial decisions can override the Constitution when necessary. B. Judicial decisions are independent of the Constitution and other statutes. C. The Constitution forms the supreme law, and judicial decisions interpret and apply it. D. Judicial decisions are the highest form of law, while the Constitution holds a secondary role. 48. How does customary law differ from statutes within the Philippine legal system? A. Customary law is recognized by all levels of government, while statutes are not. B. Statutes derive from religious teachings, while customary law is written by lawmakers. C. Customary law is always enforced nationwide, whereas statutes are enforced locally. D. Customary law primarily applies to indigenous communities, while statutes are enacted by the legislature. 49. Evaluate the importance of jurisprudence in the legal education of lawyers and judges. Why is it considered crucial in shaping their legal thinking? A. Jurisprudence provides specific laws for legal practitioners to follow. B. Jurisprudence is the primary source of laws in civil and criminal cases. C. It offers legal practitioners practical guidance on courtroom procedures.  D. It offers a theoretical foundation for interpreting and understanding the principles of law. 50. If a local government enacts an ordinance that contradicts the Philippine Constitution, how should the judiciary apply the law in this situation? A. Ignore the contradiction and enforce both laws equally. B. Apply the local ordinance, but suggest amending the Constitution to accommodate it. C. Enforce the local ordinance since it applies within the local government’s jurisdiction. D. Apply the Constitution, as it is the supreme law, and declare the local ordinance unconstitutional. 51. The following are sources of Philippine criminal law, EXCEPT; A. The Revised Penal Code (Act No. 3815) and its amendments B. Penal Presidential Decrees issued during Martial Law. C. Special Penal Laws passed by the Philippine Commission D. Special Penal Laws passed by the Regional Assembly 52. The lifestyle theory of victimization suggests that: A. Crimes are randomly distributed in society B. Victims' lifestyles can increase their risk of victimization C. Criminals choose victims based on their socioeconomic status D. Victims are solely responsible for their own victimization 53. If you live in a high-crime neighborhood, the deviant place theory would suggest that: A. You are less likely to become a victim B. You are more likely to become a victim C. Your lifestyle is the main factor in your risk of victimization D. Your social status determines your risk of victimization 54. Which theory of victimization emphasizes the role of the victim's behavior in contributing to their own victimization? A. Victim precipitation theory B. Lifestyle theory C. Deviant place theory D. All of the above 55. Who is often credited as the father of Victimology? A. Hans von Hentig B. Benjamin Mendelsohn C. Stephen Schafer D. Marvin E. Wolfgang 56. Who examined the concept of victim precipitation through an empirical analysis of rape victims? A. Hans von Hentig B. Benjamin Mendelsohn C. Stephen Schafer D. Menachem Amir 57. Which pioneer's work emphasized the role of victims in contributing to their own victimization? A. Hans von Hentig B. Benjamin Mendelsohn C. Stephen Schafer D. Marvin E. Wolfgang 58. How did the work of these pioneers contribute to the development of the field of Victimology? A. They established the foundation for understanding victim-offender relationships. \ B. They introduced the concept of victim responsibility. C. They developed empirical methods for studying victimization. D. All of the above. 59. According to Hans von Hentig, which of the following is not a general type of victim? A. The young B. The female C. The criminal D. The mentally defective 60. A person who is victimized due to their ignorance would fall under which category in Mendelsohn's classification? A. The completely innocent victim  B. Victims with only minor guilt C. The victim who is just as guilty as the offender D. The victim is more guilty than the offender 61. Which of the following is not a psychological factor that can contribute to victimization? A. Low self-esteem B. Assertiveness C. External locus of control D. High emotional intelligence 62. A person who lives in a high-crime neighborhood is more likely to be victimized due to: A. Their personal characteristics B. Their social status C. Their environment D. Their genetics 63. A person who has experienced trauma in the past may be more likely to be re-victimized because: A. They are more likely to live in high-crime areas B. They may have difficulty coping with stress and seeking help C. They are more likely to be physically weaker D. They are more likely to have criminal tendencies 64. What is the Latin word for "pain or suffering"? A. Poena B. Penal C. Criminology D. Sociology 65. Penology is the study of: A. The causes of crime B. The punishment of criminals C. The rehabilitation of offenders D. The prevention of crime 66. Which of the following is not a major correctional facility in the Philippines? A. New Bilibid Prison B. Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm C. Correctional Institution for Women D. National Bureau of Investigation 67. How does the death penalty debate relate to the field of penology? A. It is a controversial topic that raises questions about the purpose and effectiveness of punishment. B. It is irrelevant to the study of penology. C. It is only relevant in countries where the death penalty is still in use. D. It is a topic that is primarily studied by sociologists. 68. Retribution is a theory of punishment that emphasizes: A. The deterrence of future crime. B. The rehabilitation of the offender. C. The moral requirement that the guilty make amends. D. The prevention of crime through incapacitation. 69. Which of the following is a classification of penalty in the Philippines? A. Reclusion Perpetua B. Arresto Mayor C. Destierro D. All of the above 70. If a person is sentenced to 18 years in prison, which classification of penalty would apply? A. Reclusion Perpetua B. Reclusion Temporal C. Prision Mayor D. Prision Correctional 71. A person convicted of a crime and sentenced to 3 months of imprisonment would fall under which classification of penalty?  A. Arresto Mayor B. Arresto Menor C. Prision Correctional D. Prision Mayor 72. Which classification of penalty carries the longest possible sentence? A. Reclusion Perpetua B. Reclusion Temporal C. Prision Mayor D. Prision Correctional 73. Which of the following is not a type of correctional facility? A. Prison B. Jail C. Parole D. Detention center 74. A person who is released from prison early on condition of good behavior is participating in: A. Probation B. Parole C. Conditional pardon D. Absolute pardon 75. A rehabilitation program that focuses on helping offenders address the underlying causes of their criminal behavior is using a: A. Punitive approach B. Deterrent approach C. Restorative approach D. Therapeutic approach 76. Crime mapping is a technique used to: A. Identify hot spots of criminal activity B. Track the movements of criminals C. Predict future crime trends D. All of the above 77. A police department wants to determine the most common types of crimes occurring in their jurisdiction. Which type of crime mapping would be most useful? A. Single-symbol maps B. Buffer maps C. Graduated maps D. Chart maps 78. How can crime mapping be used to improve law enforcement strategies? A. By identifying hot spots of criminal activity and allocating resources accordingly B. By tracking the movements of known criminals C. By predicting future crime trends D. All of the above 79. A police department wants to visualize the distribution of property crimes in their jurisdiction. Which type of crime mapping would be most appropriate? A. Density mapping B. Chart mapping C. Graduated mapping D. Single-symbol maps 80. What is the difference between index crimes and non-index crimes? A. Index crimes are more serious in nature and occur more frequently. B. Index crimes are less serious in nature and occur less frequently. C. Index crimes are only reported to the police, while non-index crimes are not. D. There is no difference between index crimes and non-index crimes. 81. If a city has a population of 100,000 and reports 500 crimes in a year, what is the crime rate? A. 500 B. 50 C. 5 D. 0.5 82. Why is it important to consider both index and non-index crimes when analyzing crime statistics? A. Because index crimes are more serious in nature B. Because non-index crimes are more common C. Because both types of crimes provide a more complete picture of the crime situation D. Because neither type of crime is representative of the overall crime problem 83. A police department wants to measure the overall crime rate in their jurisdiction. Which formula should they use? A. Crime Rate = (Total No. of Reported Crime / Total No. of Population) x 100,000 B. Crime Rate = (Total No. of Index Crimes / Total No. of Population) x 100,000 C. Crime Rate = (Total No. of Non-Index Crimes / Total No. of Population) x 100,000 D. Crime Rate = (Index Crimes + Non-Index Crimes) / Total No. of Population 84. Which discipline studies human societies, their interactions, and the processes that preserve and change them? A. Anthropology B. Psychology C. Sociology D. Psychiatry 85. How does psychology contribute to the field of criminology? A. By studying the mental states and processes of criminals B. By analyzing the social structures that contribute to crime C. By examining the biological factors that influence criminal behavior D. By providing statistical data on crime rates 86. What is the difference between psychiatry and psychology? A. Psychiatry focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, while psychology studies mental states and processes. B. Psychiatry is a branch of psychology. C. There is no difference between psychiatry and psychology. D. Psychiatry is a medical field, while psychology is a social science. 87. A criminologist studying the cultural factors that contribute to crime would be drawing from which discipline? A. Anthropology B. Sociology C. Psychology D. Psychiatry 88. How can statistics be used to inform criminological research? A. By providing data on crime rates and trends B. By analyzing the relationship between social factors and crime C. By identifying individual risk factors for criminal behavior D. By all of the above 89. A criminologist studying the impact of poverty on crime rates would be drawing from which discipline? A. Sociology B. Economics C. Anthropology D. Psychology 90. A researcher investigating the relationship between brain structure and criminal behavior would be using concepts from which discipline? A. Anthropology B. Sociology C. Psychology D. Biology 91. A criminologist analyzing the cultural norms and values that influence criminal behavior would be drawing from which discipline? A. Sociology B. Anthropology C. Psychology D. Psychiatry 92. What is the primary purpose of Republic Act No. 11131? A. To regulate the practice of criminology in the Philippines B. To create a new professional board for criminologists C. To standardize the criminology curriculum D. To increase the salaries of criminologists 93. How does Republic Act No. 11131 contribute to the development of the criminology profession in the Philippines? A. By establishing a regulatory framework for the practice of criminology B. By promoting professional growth and development among criminologists C. By standardizing the criminology curriculum D. All of the above 94. A registered criminologist who works as a professor in a university is practicing criminology in which capacity? A. As a law enforcement administrator B. As a correctional administrator C. As a teacher D. As a private investigator 95. A registered criminologist who works in the Philippine National Police (PNP) is most likely employed as a: A. Police officer B. Crime scene investigator C. Forensic scientist D. Correctional officer 96. A registered criminologist who works in a rehabilitation center is most likely employed as a: A. Correctional officer B. Probation officer C. Counselor D. All of the above 97. Which agency is responsible for regulating the practice of criminology in the Philippines? A. Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) B. Philippine National Police (PNP) C. Commission on Higher Education (CHED) D. National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) 98. How does the role of a criminologist in the Philippines compare to the role of a criminologist in the United States? A. The roles are similar in both countries. B. The roles are different in both countries. C. The roles are similar in terms of law enforcement but different in terms of academia. D. The roles are similar in terms of academia but different in terms of law enforcement. 99. A criminologist who specializes in studying the behavior of serial killers would most likely work as a: A. Forensic scientist B. Criminal profiler C. Correctional officer D. Private investigator 100. Which of the following career paths for criminologists is most likely to involve working in a courtroom? A. Forensic scientist B. Criminal profiler C. Lawyer D. Correctional officer