Cellular Respiration and Fermentation PDF

Learning Targets: 4.4 - I can identify the location, reactants, products, and basic functions in aerobic cellular respiration - I can identify the location, reactants, products, and basic functions in anaerobic respiration 4.6 - I can compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiratio...

Learning Targets: 4.4 - I can identify the location, reactants, products, and basic functions in aerobic cellular respiration - I can identify the location, reactants, products, and basic functions in anaerobic respiration 4.6 - I can compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration 4.4 Cellular Respiration What is cellular respiration? - Cellular respiration releases chemical energy (ATP) from sugars and other carbon-based molecules. - Breaks down food (metabolism) to make energy (respiration) Before Cellular Respiration: - Food (carbon-based molecules) is broken down into smaller molecules - Ex. carbohydrates → glucose - Glucose is broken down glyco= sugar - How? By a process called glycolysis Lysis = break apart Glycolysis happens before cellular respiration Glycolysis: splits glucose into 2 three-carbon molecules (pyruvate) - Gains 2 net ATP molecules - Occurs in cytoplasm - Does not need oxygen to happen → anaerobic Pyruvate If oxygen is present… - Aerobic cellular respiration occurs → cellular respiration - Makes LOTS of ATP (36-38) Where does aerobic cellular respiration take place? Mitochondria - Why is it highly folded Stru ctu re = Fun ctio n Aerobic Cellular Respiration Stages Stage 1: Krebs Cycle - 2 pyruvates are broken down to generate ATP - CO2 released - NADH & FADH produced Stage 2: Electron Transport Chain - Energy enters the ETC - Oxygen is used to make H2O - A large number of ATP is produced (34-36) - NAD+,FAD produced Overall Equation of Cellular Respiration (aerobic) Overview process reactants Products Where does it happen? glycolysis Glucose,NAD+ 2 pyruvates, 2 ATP, Cytoplasm NADH Krebs (citric acid cycle) 2 pyruvates, NAD+, FAD Carbon dioxide, Matrix (mitochondria) NADH, FADH, 2 ATP ETC NADH, FADH, Oxygen Water, NAD+, FAD, Inner membrane 34-36 ATP (mitochondria)  2 Types of Respiration Aerobic: requires oxygen to occur Anaerobic: does not require oxygen to occur If oxygen is not present… - When oxygen is not available in cells, fermentation takes place instead - Occurs in cytoplasm - Fermentation does not produce any ATP - Allows glycolysis to continue to produce a small amount of ATP without oxygen - How many ATPs does glycolysis produce? There are two types of fermentation: 1. Lactic Acid Fermentation Lactic Pyruvate Acid 1.2. Alcoholic Fermentation CO2 Pyruvate Alcohol  PYRUVATE PYRUVATE OR + NAD + NAD Glycolysis → lactic acid fermentation Glycolysis → alcoholic fermentation Photosynthesis and Respiration are Interrelated - Mirror processes - Need each other to happen Word equation: Word equation:  B: sugar is C D F ------------- in ----------------- G H A: oxygen is used in electron transport chain E (ETC)  C: carbon dioxide D: carbon F:2 ATP are B: sugar is used is produced as in dioxide is produced in as a reactant in preparatory produced as in glycolysis glycolysis reaction Kreb’s cycle G: 2 ATP are produced in Kreb’s cycle H: 32-34 ATP are produced in ETC A: oxygen is used in electron E: water is transport chain produced in (ETC) the ETC