Cellular Respiration Notes PDF

# Cellular Respiration - The process where cells get energy from glucose. - Cells of living things carry out cellular respiration continuously - During cellular respiration, cells break down glucose and other molecules from food in the presence of oxygen, releasing energy. ## 2 Stage Process * **...

# Cellular Respiration - The process where cells get energy from glucose. - Cells of living things carry out cellular respiration continuously - During cellular respiration, cells break down glucose and other molecules from food in the presence of oxygen, releasing energy. ## 2 Stage Process * **Stage 1** - Glucose is broken down into smaller molecules in the cytoplasm and a little energy is released. - This energy isn't generally needed immediately so it is used to combine adenosine diphosphate (ADP) with another phosphate to form adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules. * **Stage 2** - The smaller molecules are broken down even more in the mitochondria. - Oxygen is required and CO2 along with a lot of energy is released so that the cell can carry out its processes. ## Cell Respiration Formula $C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \longrightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$ - Glucose + Oxygen $\longrightarrow$ Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy # Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration - Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are opposite processes. - Cellular respiration breaks down glucose to produce energy (ATP) using oxygen, while photosynthesis uses sunlight to create glucose from carbon dioxide and water. - Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of all cells, while photosynthesis happens in the chloroplasts of plant cells. - Both produce energy but cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide as a byproduct, while photosynthesis consumes it and produces oxygen as a byproduct. # Fermentation - A process where cells release energy from food without requiring oxygen. - Less energy is released than with cellular respiration. ## Alcohol Fermentation - Occurs in yeast and other single-celled organisms and produces alcohol, CO2, and a small amount of energy. ## Lactic Acid Fermentation - A process where bacteria or muscle cells break down sugar (glucose) into energy without oxygen, producing lactic acid as a byproduct. - It's a way to generate energy when oxygen is scarce, like during intense exercise when your muscles need quick energy and can't get enough oxygen, causing that burning sensation.