Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors Notes PDF

Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors Penicillins: Include various types like Penicillin G, Penicillin V, and Amoxicillin. Primarily effective against gram-positive bacteria. Cephalosporins: Antibiotics derived from Cephalosporium, with generations ranging from 1st to 5th Carbapenems: Broad-spectrum antib...

Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors Penicillins: Include various types like Penicillin G, Penicillin V, and Amoxicillin. Primarily effective against gram-positive bacteria. Cephalosporins: Antibiotics derived from Cephalosporium, with generations ranging from 1st to 5th Carbapenems: Broad-spectrum antibiotics effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Monobactams: Like Aztreonam, these antibiotics target gram- negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mechanism of Action: Beta-lactam antibiotics disrupt bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), leading to bacterial cell lysis. Bacterial Resistance: Resistance mechanisms include beta- lactamase activity, alteration of PBPs, and reduced drug permeability. Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors: Clavulanic acid, Sulbactam, and Tazobactam are examples that protect penicillins from inactivation by enzymes. Therapeutic Uses: Penicillins are used for various infections like skin and soft tissue infections, while cephalosporins are used for respiratory, urinary, and soft tissue infections. Adverse Effects: Both penicillins and cephalosporins can cause hypersensitivity reactions and gastrointestinal disturbances. Carbapenems and Monobactams: Carbapenems are potent broad-spectrum antibiotics, while Monobactams like Aztreonam target gram-negative bacteria.