Cell Structure PDF

Section 1 (28-9-2024) The Cell Sructure  contents Differential between Prokaryotes 01 prokaryotes and 02 and eukaryotes Genetic eukaryotes material 03 Cell Sructure 04 Organelles and their...

Section 1 (28-9-2024) The Cell Sructure  contents Differential between Prokaryotes 01 prokaryotes and 02 and eukaryotes Genetic eukaryotes material 03 Cell Sructure 04 Organelles and their funcation  Organisms are claasified as prokaryotes Eukaryotes Unicellular organism either Unicellular or multicellular Lack of nucleus Their cells possess a nucleus Its DNA is not complexed to histone Their DNA is complexed to histone proteins proteins Its genome is a single chromosome Their genomes consist of multiple chromosome Bacteria human  Why! Study Cell Sructure 1 DNA Genetic material Ter Chromatin Structure Chromosomes m Def In rest In division 1-There are positively charged proteins of five major types histone, called( H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 ) The positive charges attract the negative charges on the phosphates of DNA and hold the DNA 2-The best-characterized component of chromatin structure is the nucleosome, 3-Nucleosome is a core particle _consisting of DNA wrapped about two times around an octamer of eight Histone proteins (two copies each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4), much like thread wound around a spool 4-The fifth type of histone, H1, is not a part of the core particle. 5-Together, the core particle and its associated H1 histone are called the chromatosome. Introductio The CellnSructure  1-Plasma membrane Def =plasmalemma 1-Barrier to water_soluble molecules and defines the interface between the interior and exterior of the cell. 2-It is basically a double side -by-side array of phospholipid molecules forming a sheet of hydrophobic lipid sandwiced between two sheets of hydrophilic phosphate groups Funcation 1- protection 2- define cell boundary 3-selective permeability Def 1-The genetic information is carried on the chromosomes suspended in the nuclear matrix 2-it house the genetic material ( chromatin type in case of non division state and chromosomes in case of division state. 3- the nucleus is bounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope, perforated by nuclear pores Function Control the cell growth and reproduction  3-The nucleolus Def 1- it is a morphological distint region within the nucleus Function 1-specialized for production of ribonucleic acid components of the ribosomes (r RNA) 2- human nucleus contain a single large nucleolus , which at interphase contains the nucleolar organizer region of the acrocentric chromosomes. Nucleolar organizer region ! ! ! ! Nucleolar organizer region ! ! !  4-Cytoplasm Def 1- the cytoplasm consists of a gel - like material called the cytosol Function 1-This contains deposits of glycogen, lipid droplets and free ribosomes and is have an array of interconnected filaments and tubules that form the cytoskeleton Break  5-Cytoskeleton It has three major microtubule structural elements intermediate microfilament s filament s  A/Microtubules 1- are straight tubes built from alternating molecules of a- B tubulin 2- they radiate from a structure called centrosome which contains a pair of cylindrical strictures callee centrioles Function 1-The microtubular network is important in the maintenance of cell shape. 2-separation of the chromosomes during cell division 3-movement of cilia and sperm  B / Microfilament mentare double - stranded polymers of the protein actin distributed mainly near the cell periphery Function: involved in cell movement and change of cell shape C / Intermediate filament Are tubular structres that more different proteins ,depending on cell type. 6-Mitochondria (singular:mitochondrion) Are the largest and most abundant of the cytoplasmic organelles. Function Their main function is the production of energy through synthesis of ATP. They are independently and self-replicating, each containing ribosomes and more cobies of a circular strand of mitochondrial DNA. Bouns  7-ER The endoplasmic reticulum It is a major site of protein and lipid synthesis and represents the beginning of the secretion pathway for proteins. Near to the nucleus it carries ribosomes and is known as 'rough E.R’. Other type not carrying ribosomes called smooth E.R.  The Cell 1-Plasma Sructure 2-The 3-The membrane nucleus nucleolus =plasmalemma 5- 4-Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton 6-Mitochondria 7-ER Thanks! CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik  Student assignment 1-Different between prokaryotes and eukaryotes Genetic material 2-nucleolar organizer region 3-Section Presentation Importance of Genetics and genetic engineering Photos video Schedule of exams and practical works 0ctober 2024 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Project Exam