First Aid Conditions & Procedures PDF

CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR FIRST AID  FAINTING Caused by a sudden fall in the supply of blood to their brain that results in the temporary loss of consciousness  FAINTING Sweating Dizziness Nausea Weakness Paleness Ringing in the ears Blurred vision...

CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR FIRST AID  FAINTING Caused by a sudden fall in the supply of blood to their brain that results in the temporary loss of consciousness  FAINTING Sweating Dizziness Nausea Weakness Paleness Ringing in the ears Blurred vision  FAINTING Lay the person flat on the ground. Elevate the legs to coax more blood into your brain. If a person is on a chair, push his head down between his knees. Loosen tight clothing. Avoid crowding the patient. Call a doctor if necessary.  NOSE BLEEDING when a small blood vessel in the lining of the nose bursts. It is very common in children and often results from harmless activities such as your child picking their nose, blowing it too hard or too often, or getting knocked on the nose during play.  NOSE BLEEDING Sit down and lean forward slightly. Pinch the lower part of the nostrils just below the bony part of the nose for 10 minutes while breathing through the mouth. Release nostrils slowly, repeat the procedure if bleeding continues. Do not touch or blow the nose for about 24hrs. Do not pact the affected nostrils with cotton. Bring the patient to the hospital if necessary NOSE BLEEDING  WOUND 1. Closed wound (internal) a. Contusions - more commonly known as bruises, are caused by blunt force trauma that damages tissue under the skin.  WOUND 1. Closed wound (internal) b. Strained muscle - Over- stretching of muscles that have not been sufficiently warmed up (could be called "cold" muscles).  WOUND 2. Closed wound (internal) c. Sprained ligament - Sudden force causing joint to move beyond its natural range of movement e.g. to break one's fall at speed during an activity such as ice-skating.  CLOSED WOUND Pain Swelling Discoloration Hematoma Uncontrolled restlessness Thirst Shock Vomiting  CLOSED WOUND Rest the affected area Ice application or cold compress Compression over the affected area Elevate the affected the area above the heart  WOUND 2. Open wound (external) A. Abrasions (grazes) are superficial wounds in which the topmost layer of the skin (the epidermis) is scraped off.  WOUND 2. Open wound (external) b. Lacerations are jagged, irregular, or blunt breaks or tears in the soft tissues.  WOUND 2. Open wound (external) c. An avulsion is the forcible separation or tearing of tissue from the victim’s body.  WOUND 2. Open wound (external) d. Incised wounds, or cuts in body tissues are commonly caused by knives, metal edges, broken glass, or other sharp objects cause incised wounds, or cuts, in-body tissues.  WOUND 2. Open wound (external) e. Puncture wounds are caused by a sharp object that penetrates the skin.  WOUND The major principles of open-wound treatment are to: Control bleeding. – Direct pressure – Elevation Prevent further contamination of the wound (wound dressing & bandaging) Immobilize the injured part. Stabilize any impaled object.  FRACTURE 1. Greenstick Fracture - an incomplete fracture in which the bone is bent. 2. Transverse Fracture - a fracture at a right angle to the bone's axis.  FRACTURE 3. Comminuted Fracture - a bone that is broken in at least two places. 4. Spiral Fracture - They happen when one of your bones is broken with a twisting motion.  FRACTURE The major principles of open-wound treatment are to: Control bleeding. – Direct pressure – Elevation Prevent further contamination of the wound (wound dressing & bandaging) Immobilize the injured part. Stabilize any impaled object.  FRACTURE 5. Compound Fracture - meaning the bone ends are no longer touching. FRACTURE  FRACTURE Pain and swelling at the fracture site. Tenderness close to the fracture. Paleness and deformity (sometimes). Loss of pulse below the fracture, usually in an extremity (this is an emergency). Numbness, tingling, or paralysis below the fracture (rare; this is an emergency). Bleeding or bruising at the site. Weakness and inability to bear weight.  FRACTURE Initial treatment for fractures of the arms, legs, hands, and feet in the field includes splinting the extremity in the position it is found, elevation, and ice. Immobilization will be very helpful with initial pain control. FRACTURE FRACTURE