Deaf Culture Notes PDF

Deaf Culture Notes RID Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf Serving equally our members, the profession, and the public by promoting and advocating for qualified and effective interpreters in all spaces where intersectional diverse Deaf lives are impacted. This is the organization that is set u...

Deaf Culture Notes RID Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf Serving equally our members, the profession, and the public by promoting and advocating for qualified and effective interpreters in all spaces where intersectional diverse Deaf lives are impacted. This is the organization that is set up for the ASL interpreters in the United States NIC National Interpreters Certification This is the test that ASL interpreters take to become certified There are 3 test. 1. The written test 2&3 are normally taken at the same time. They consist of the interview portion of the test and the performance portion of the test. All 3 test are pass/fail CASLI Center of Assessments for Sign Language Interpreters This is now the organization over the NIC. CPC Code of Profession Conduct This are the rules that interpreters must follow These rules were written in cooperation between RID and NAD CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT Tenets 1\. Interpreters adhere to standards of confidential communication. 2\. Interpreters possess the professional skills and knowledge required for the specific interpreting situation. 3\. Interpreters conduct themselves in a manner appropriate to the specific interpreting situation. 4\. Interpreters demonstrate respect for consumers. 5\. Interpreters demonstrate respect for colleagues, interns, and students of the profession. 6\. Interpreters maintain ethical business practices. 7\. Interpreters engage in professional development. To see all of the tenants and sub-tenants please see RID.ORG NAD National Association of the Deaf This is the Organization that makes sure that the Deaf have their Rights. NAD is run by the Deaf for the Deaf. They were also one of the first to have a formal interpreters test. It was one test with 2 parts and it was all done live in front of a panel of Deaf, interpreters and hearing people. (The hearing people that knew little about sign language were there to listen to the candidates English and to make sure it was clear.) This test was scored 1-5 EIPA Educational Interpreters Performance Assessment This test is set up for interpreters that want to work in the school system K-12. It has 2 parts: Written which is on a computer at a testing site and is pass/fail And the performance test is scored 1-5. You must get a 4 to pass. CDI Certified Deaf Interpreter They take a test to become certified as well. CODA Child of a Deaf Adult VRS Video Relay Services The service the deaf use to make phone calls. NERDA Not even related to a Deaf Adult ADA Americans with Disabilities Act This is a Law that protects all people with disabilities and makes sure they have equal access. IDEA Individuals with Disabilities Educational Act This makes protects students with disabilities to make sure they have equal access in school. (K-12) DPN DEAF President Now This is the protest that took place at Gallaudet University The chairman (Spilman) and the board had just put in another hearing president and the students protested along with NAD members, alumni, and many other groups. The group had 4 demands 1.Elisabeth Zinser (the new hearing president) must resign and a deaf person selected president; 2.Jane Spilman must step down as chairperson of the Board of Trustees; 3\. Deaf people must constitute a 51% majority on the Board; 4.There would no reprisals against any student or employee involved in the protest. DPN has a big impact on the Deaf community as it showed the world that Deaf people can to everything a hearing person can do except hear. I King Jordan I King Jordan was born hearing. He served 4 years in the Navy. While in the Navy (at the age of 21) he was in a motorcycle accident that left him deaf. He then went to Gallaudet and earned his Ph. D and became the 1^st^ Deaf President of Gallaudet University. James Deaf Burk James was born deaf and worked as a waterman on the Thames River. In his free time he worked on his boxing. He became a champion boxer and in one of his champion fights in London the fight went 99 rounds and he killed his opponent. He was arrested for murder and 3 days later was acquitted. After that no one would fight him so he came to the U.S. to fight. During a Prize fight in the U.S. the crowd grew angry as James was winning and they chased him out of the building. James returned to England and found that they had changed the rules of boxing and there was a 10 count to decide if a boxer was knocked out or not. The referee was concerned that James would not hear the count so he slapped the canvas on the count. This counting method is still used today for the boxing count. William "Dummy" Hoy Was born hearing and went Deaf at the age of 3 from Spinal Meningitis. Dummy became a professional baseball player and played mostly for the Red Socks. He is known for creating the signs that are still used in baseball today. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet He was hearing. He attended Yale University and had a Law degree. Although poor health prevented him in continuing as a lawyer, so he returned to school and became a preacher. He traveled from town-to-town preaching. On one of his trips he met an 8 year old girl that was deaf. Her name was Alice Cogswell. She went deaf at the age of 2 due to spinal meningitis. She was sitting outside playing as there were no schools for the deaf at this time. Hopkins would sit with her and point to things and then write the name of the thing in the dirt. She was bright and learned quickly. Alice's father asked Gallaudet to educate his daughter and provided all the help he could. However, there was no formal sign language at that time or formal deaf education. When Thomas learned that France had formal education for the deaf and sign language Mr Cogswell funded the trip for Thomas to go to learn all he could. While in France Thomas's tutor was a Deaf man named Laurent Clerc. Thomas asked Laurent to come to the US to assist in establishing education for the deaf there. He agreed to come for 3 Years. The trip to the US by ship took over a month and while they traveled Thomas taught Laurent English and Laurent taught Thomas to sign. Alice Cogs well was the first deaf child enrolled in formal education in the United States. Her father and friends funded the first school, and it was called American Asylum for Deaf-Mutes. Laurent did not like the name so they changed it to The Connecticut Asylum for the Education and Instruction of Deaf and Dumb Persons. Thomas did not like the location of the school or the name of the school and it was moved onto 3 acres that were donated by Amos Kendall in Hartford. It was then called  American School for the Deaf. Laurent Clerc was born hearing and went deaf after he fell out of his high chair at the age of 1 and hit his head on the iron grate. He lost his hearing and was badly burned. He is known as the Apostle of ASL. Edward Minor Gallaudet was the youngest son of Thomas Gallaudet. Edward was one of the main founders of Gallaudet University. Gallaudet is the only Deaf University in the US. Gallaudet University's football team is the team that started the football huddle to prevent other teams from seeing their signs. Milan Conference The Milan Conference was set up to discuss if oralism was the best method to teach the deaf. At the Milan Conference, there were 164 participants: 87 Italians, 56 Frenchmen, 8 Englishmen, 5 Americans, and 8 others. The conference was unfairly weighed toward the opinions of the great numbers of Italians and Frenchmen, which favored the \"oralism\" method. There were five delegates from the USA: James Denison, Edward Miner Gallaudet, Reverend Thomas Gallaudet, Isaac Lewis Peet and Charles A Stoddard. The Deaf people at the conference were not even allowed to vote. It was decided that oralism was the best method to teach the deaf. After the conference, Alexander Graham Bell went to congress and convinced them that oralism was the right way to teach as proven by this conference and 90% of all deaf teachers were fired. However, the Gallaudet's and Laurent Clerc refused to conform to this idea and continued to use sign. The are revered for saving sign language in the US. Alexander Graham Bell was a teacher of the deaf that only used oralism. He would force his students to read lips and learn to talk. If the could not do that he would say the were idle minded and recommend that they be institutionalized. He said deaf people posed a threat to the social order. As a result, he tried to find a way to prevent the birth of deaf children. He wanted a law passed to stop Deaf to Deaf marriages as the deaf were a contamination to the human race. Andrew Foster Andrew was born hearing but went deaf at the age of 11 when he and his twin brother contracted spinal meningitis. Andrew was the first African American to graduate from Gallaudet University. He had 2 degrees in education and 1 in Christian Ministries. Andrew would go to Africa to share the gospel and to start schools for the Deaf children in Africa. He established 32 schools in 13 nations. He died in a plane crash going from one school to another. He is known as "The Father of Deaf Education in Africa". Juliette "Daisy" Gordan Low Was born hearing but started to lose her hearing in her teens. At 25 years old she had an ear infection that they treated with silver nitrate. Then at 26 at her wedding a grain of rice went into her ear and was not properly taken out or treated. She was almost completely deaf from then on. She is known for starting the Girl Scouts. Thomas Edison Thomas was born hearing but at the age of 2 he contracted scarlet fever which damaged his hearing. Around the age of twelve, Edison lost almost all his hearing. There are several theories as to what caused his hearing loss. Some attribute it to the aftereffects of scarlet fever which he had as a child. Others blame it on a conductor boxing his ears after Edison caused a fire in the baggage car, an incident which Edison claimed never happened. Edison himself blamed it on an incident in which he was grabbed by his ears and lifted to a train. He did not let his disability discourage him, however, and often treated it as an asset, since it made it easier for him to concentrate on his experiments and research. Undoubtedly, though, his deafness made him more solitary and shy in dealings with others. Ludwig van Beethoven Beethoven was born hearing. When he was a young boy his father was determined that he would be a prodigy at the piano. He would force him to play for hours and even wake him in the middle of the night to practice. Beethoven would be tired so his dad would dunk his head into a bucket of ice water to wake him up. As Beethoven became famous, he would become obsessed with a new piece of music and to stay focused would dunk his head into a bucket of ice. He started to lose his hearing at the age of 28 and was completely deaf at the age of 44. There are 3 theories as to why he went deaf. The cold water. Lead poisoning and syphilis. In order to continue to compose he cut the legs off his piano and set it on the floor. He would also take an iron pipe and putt it in on the strings and pound on the piano. He stopped conducting when he went deaf but did not like how people were leading his music, so he went back to conducting before he died. He died from lead poisoning and liver failure due to alcoholism. Marlee Matlin Marlee was born hearing and went deaf at 18 months old due to spinal meningitis. She is famous for being the youngest person to win and Oscar as well as the first deaf person to win and Oscar. She won the Oscar for her role in "Children of a Lesser God". Kitty O'Neil Kitty was born hearing, but at the age of 5 months she has measles. Mumps and smallpox all at the same time. The high fevers destroyed her hearing. Her mother would not let her learn to sign, but she was really good at reading lips. At the age of 18 she was headed to the Olympics for swimming and contracted spinal meningitis. She could not race. A year later she competed in the Deaf Olympics. In her 20's she had cancer twice. She never slowed down. She was a stunt woman doing the first 150 foot fall for Wonder Woman. She later became a race car driver setting many land speed records. Helen Keller Helen was born hearing. At the age of 19 months, she contracted spinal meningitis. When she was 7 years old she met her first teacher Ann Sullivan. (Ann was legally blind and had 7 surgeries on her eyes before meeting Helen.) Ann would give Helen language and teacher her to read and write. Helen went on to write many books and to travel the world. She was and advocate for Women's rights, Animal rights and many other things. She received many college degrees and frequently gave speeches at prestigious events. 5 Parameters of sign language Non manual markers Handshape Location Movement Palm Orientation Audism- Discrimination based on the ability to hear Usher Syndrome A disease that can make people deaf and blind. Origin of all sign language is the Spanish Monks that took a vow of silence and needed a way to communicate.