Cadet Handbook (Army) PDF

CADET’S HAND BOOK (ARMY)  Preface 1. National Cadet Corps (NCC), came into existence, on 15 July 1948 under an Act of Parliament. Over the years, NCC has spread its activities and values, across the length and breadth of the country; in schools and...

CADET’S HAND BOOK (ARMY)  Preface 1. National Cadet Corps (NCC), came into existence, on 15 July 1948 under an Act of Parliament. Over the years, NCC has spread its activities and values, across the length and breadth of the country; in schools and colleges, in almost all the districts of India. It has attracted millions of young boys and girls, to the very ethos espoused by its motto, “unity and discipline” and molded them into disciplined and responsible citizens of the country. NCC has attained an enviable brand value for itself, in the Young India’s mind space. 2. National Cadet Corps (NCC), aims at character building and leadership, in all walks of life and promotes the spirit of patriotism and National Integration amongst the youth of the country. Towards this end, it runs a multifaceted training; varied in content, style and processes, with added emphasis on practical training, outdoor training and training as a community. 3. With the dawn of Third Millennia, there have been rapid strides in technology, information, social and economic fields, bringing in a paradigm shift in learning field too; NCC being no exception. A need was felt to change with times. NCC has introduced its New Training Philosophy, catering to all the new changes and developments, taking place in the Indian Society. It has streamlined and completely overhauled its training philosophy, objectives, syllabus, methodology etc, thus making it in sync with times. Subjects like National Integration, Personality Development and Life Skills, Social Service and Community Development activities etc, have been given prominent thrust. 4. The new syllabus, has been crystallised after obtaining a detailed feedback, from all the Directorates and the same having been brainstormed at HQ DG NCC. The syllabus has been implemented with effect from 01 May 2019. 5. For the ease of Trainees, a summary has been given at the end of each chapter. The syllabus has been revised, to make it cadet friendly, by removing the commonalities in subjects, of the school/college syllabus and making it more relevant. It is hoped, that this will facilitate, better assimilation and increased interest among the cadets. 6. The book has been the outcome, of sincere devotion and relentless effort of the Study Team ordered by HQ DG NCC. Our sincere gratitude and compliments to them. Any suggestions are welcome for its improvement in the future editions 7. Contents of this hard work, must form the basis of Institutional Training, with explicit commitment. (Rajeev Chopra) Lieutenant General Director General National Cadet Corps  Acknowledgement ADVISORY PANEL Lieutenant General Rajeev Chopra, AVSM, DG NCC Major General Sanjay Gupta, VSM, ADG (B) HQ DG NCC STUDY TEAM Brigadier SP Sinha, Group Commander, Ghaziabad (UP) Colonel GS Dhillon , SM UP Dte Colonel Rahul Srivastava, SM TN&P Dte Captain (IN ) RK Saini, PHHP&C Dte Group Captain Neeraj Amba, UP Dte Lieutenant Colonel Narain Dass, UP Dte Major R S Shekhawat, OTA, Kamptee CONSULTATIVE SUPPORT TEAM Brigadier Ajay Kumar Mahajan, Brig Trg, HQ, DG NCC Colonel Manish Sinha, Trg Dte, HQ DG NCC Col Vijay Kumar Trg Dte, HQ DG NCC SECRETARIAL SUPPORT Mr Jai Prakash, Senior Assistant Mr Manoj Bisht, Senior Assistant  SD/SW COMMON SUBJECTS BLOCK SYLLABUS Periods S.No Subject First Second Third Total Year Year Year Periods 1 NCC General 6 0 0 6 2 National Integration and Awareness 4 3 0 7 3 Drill 21 14 10 45 4 Weapon Training 13 6 6 25 5 Personality Development 5 11 12 28 6 Leadership 3 4 5 12 7 Disaster Management 7 3 4 13 Social Service and Community 8 10 19 18 47 Development 9 Health and Hygiene 5 4 1 10 10 Adventure 1 0 0 1 Environmental Awareness and 11 0 0 3 3 Conservation 12 Obstacle Training 3 3 3 9 13 General Awareness 0 0 4 4 Total 78 67 66 210  SD/SW COMMON SUBJECTS : INDEX Page Number S.No Subject From To 1 NCC General 1 17 18 33 2 National Integration and Awareness 3 Drill 34 65 4 Weapon Training 66 76 77 107 5 Personality Development 6 Leadership 108 127 7 Disaster Management 128 146 Social Service and Community 147 188 8 Development 9 Health and Hygiene 189 205 10 Adventure 206 210 211 215 Environmental Awareness and 11 Conservation 12 Obstacle Training 216 220 13 General Awareness 221 225  INDEX Page Ser Chapter Lesson Year Periods Number No From To NCC General 1. NCC-I Aims, Objectives and Org of NCC I 1 1 4 2. NCC-II Incentives I 2 5 9 3. NCC-III Duties of NCC Cadets I 1 10 12 4. NCC-IV NCC Camps: Types and Conduct I 2 13 17 National Integration and Awareness I 2 18 20 5. NI-I National Integration: Importance and Necessity 6.. NI-II Factors affecting National Integration I 1 21 24 7. NI-III Unity in Diversity I 1 25 28 8. NI-IV Threats to National Security II 3 29 33 Foot Drill 34 35 I 1 9. FD-I Drill ki Aam Hidayaten aur Words of Command 10. FD-II Savdhan, Vishram, Aram se aur Mudna I 2 36 37 11. FD-III Kadwar Sizing, Teen Line Banana, Khuli Line aur Nikat I 2 38 39 Line Mein March 12. FD-IV Khade Khade Salute Karna Parade Par, Visarjan aur Line I 1 40 40 Tod 13. FD-V Tej Chal- Tham aur Dhire Chal-Tham I 3 41 42 II 3 14. FD-VI Dahine, Baen, Aage aur Piche Kadam lena I 1 43 44 15. FD-VII Tej Chal se Mudna I 2 45 46 16.. FD-VIII Tej Chal se Salute Karna II 3 47 48 17. FD-IX Tej kadam Taal aur tham I 1 49 49 18. FD-X Tej KadamTaal se Kadam Badalna I 2 50 50 19. FD-XI Teenon Teen se Ek File aur Ek File se Teenon Teen II 3 51 51 banana Rifle Drill 20. RD-I Rifle ke Saath Savdhan, Vishram aur Aaram se I 2 52 52 21. RD-II Rifle ke Saath Parade Par aur Saj I 1 53 53 22. RD-III Rifle ke Saath Visarjan aur Line Tod I 1 54 54 23. RD-IV Bhumi Shastra aur Uthao Shastra I 1 55 55 24. RD-V Bagal Shastra aur Baju Shastra I 1 56 57 25. RD-VI Salami Shastra II 3 58 59 III 3 26. RD-VII Squad Drill III 3 60 60  Ceremonial Drill II 1 61 62 27. CD-I Guard Mounting III 2 28. CD-II Guard of Honour II 1 63 65 III 2 Weapon Training I 3 66 68 29. WT-I Introduction to.22 Rifle 30. WT-II Handling of.22 Rifle I 3 69 70 31. WT-III Range procedure and Theory of group I 1 71 74 I 6 32. WT-IV Short range firing II 6 75 76 III 6 Personal Developement Personality Development Capsule Factors 33. PD-I Self-Awareness I 2 77 83 Empathy Critical and Creative Thinking Decision Making and Problem Solving 34. PD-II Communication Skills II 3 84 87 Group Discussions Coping with Stress and Emotions I 1 Change your Mindset 35. PD-III II 6 88 97 Time Management III 6 Social Skills Team Work 36. PD-IV Career Counselling, SSB Procedure and Interview Skills III 3 98 104 I 2 37. PD-V Public Speaking II 2 105 107 III 3 Leadership Leadership Capsule Traits 38. L-I Indicators I 3 108 115 Motivation Moral Values Honour Code Case Studies Shivaji, APJ Abdul Kalam, Deepa Malik, Maharana Pratap, Ratan Tata, Kiran Majumdar, Jhansi Ki Rani, N II 4 39. L-II 116 127 Narayan Murthy, Prakash Padukone, Tipu Sultan, III 5 Rabindra Nath Tagore  8 Disaster Management Disaster Management Capsule Organisation 40. DM-I Types of Disasters I 3 128 136 Essential Services Assistance Civil Defence Organisation Initiative Trg, Organising Skills, Dos and Don’ts 2 I 2 137 141 Natural Disasters II 2 41. DM-II III 1 142 143 I 1 Man Made Disasters II 1 III 42. DM-III Fire Services and Fire Fighting I 1 144 146 Social Service and Community Development Social Service Capsule 43. SS-I Basics of Social Service I 3 147 153 Rural Development Programmes NGO’s Contribution of Youth I 3 44. SS-II Swachh Bharat Abhiyan II 3 154 155 III 3 Social Service and Community Development Activities Social Evils Beti Padhao Beti Bachao Drug Abuse I 1 Msn Indradhanush (Vaccination) 45. SS-III II 12 156 171 Digital Awareness III 12 Waste Management Women Health and Sanitation Tree Plantation Traffic Awareness Pollution I 1 46. SS-IV Protection of Children & Women Safety II 172 175 1 III 1 47. SS-V Road/Rail Travel Safety II 1 176 178  9 I 1 48. SS-VI New Initiatives II 1 179 184 III 1 I 1 49. SS-VII Cyber and Mobile Security Awareness II 1 185 188 III 1 Health and Hygiene 50. HH-I Hygiene and Sanitation (Personal and Camp) I 1 189 192 I 3 First Aid in Common Medical Emergencies and 51. HH-II 193 201 Treatment of Wounds II 3 I 1 52. HH-III Introduction to Yoga II 1 202 205 III 1 Adventure 53. AD-I Adventure I 1 206 210 Environmental Awareness and Conservation Environmental Awareness and Conservation 54. EA-I III 3 211 215 Obstacle Training I 3 55. OT-I Obstacle Training II 3 216 220 III 3 General Awareness 56. GA-I General Awareness III 4 221 225  1 CHAPTER NCC-I AIMS, OBJECTIVES AND ORG OF NCC Introduction 1. With an aim for raising a second line of defence and to create a large pool of trained youth available for Armed Forces during the First World War, University Corps was conceptualized by the British Government. In India, NCC was raised with an aim of grooming both the boys and the girls, nurture them and direct their energy towards nation building by making them responsible citizens. 2. After independence, the present day NCC formally came into existence on 15 July 1948 through XXXI Act of Parliament. The Girls Division of the NCC was raised in July 1949. On 01 April 1950, Air Wing was raised, with one Air squadron each at Bombay and Kolkata. The Naval Wing of the NCC was raised in July 1952, thus representing all three services in the Corps. 3. Today the NCC has an enrolled strength of more than 13 Lakh cadets and consists of two divisions of all the three Services, i.e., the Senior Division / Senior Wing for boys/girls from colleges and the Junior Division / Junior Wing for boys/girls from schools. The Motto of NCC is ‘Unity and Discipline’. Aims of NCC 4. The aims of NCC are mainly three-fold:- (a) To develop following qualities in the cadets:- (i) Character. (ii) Comradeship. (iii) Discipline. (iv) Secular Outlook. (v) Spirit of Adventure. (vi) Ideals of selfless service. (b) To create a human resource of organised, trained and motivated youth, to provide leadership in all walks of life who will serve the nation regardless of which career they choose. (c) To provide an environment conducive to motivating young Indians to choose the Armed Forces as a career. Objectives of NCC 5. The objectives of the NCC are:- (a) Train volunteer youth to become confident, committed and competent leaders in all walks of life. (b) Enhance awareness levels of cadets to become responsible citizens of the country. (c) Provide opportunities and encourage cadets to enrich their knowledge, develop communication skills and build character. (d) Conduct social activities and community development programmes, to make constructive contributions toward society. (e) Undertake adventure activities to hone leadership qualities and risk-taking abilities. (f) Provide a platform to launch “Goodwill Ambassadors” to project the image of country overseas. (g) Conduct military training to develop awareness about Armed Forces, leadership skills and military values thus, provide an environment to motivate cadets to join the Armed Forces.  2 Organisation of NCC 6. The NCC is a voluntary organisation which is administered through the Ministry of Defence. The Defence Minister is overall in charge, and responsible to the Government of India for efficient functioning of the NCC and other matters. 7. The NCC Headquarters is situated in New Delhi, headed by an officer of the rank of Lieutenant General who is responsible for the smooth functioning of the NCC in the country. 8. There are 17 Directorates located in the state capitals headed by an officer of the rank of a Major General / Brigadier or equivalent from the three Services. According to the size of the state and growth of NCC in the states, Directorates have up to 14 Group Headquarters under them through which they exercise their command and control over the organisation in the state. Each group is headed by an officer of the rank of Brigadier /Colonel or equivalent known as Group Commander. 9. Each NCC Group Headquarters controls 5-7 NCC units / battalions, commanded by Colonel / Lieutenant Colonel or equivalent. Each battalion consists of companies which are commanded by the Associate NCC Officers (ANO) of the rank of Lieutenant, Captain or Major. In all, there are 99 Group Headquarters in the country who exercise control over a network of 700 Army Wing Units (including technical and girls’ unit), 73 Naval Wing Units and 64 Air Squadrons. 10. There are two training academies namely Officers Training Academy, Kamptee for men and Officers Training Academy, Gwalior for ladies where professors and teachers from colleges and schools are specially trained to impart training to the cadets as Associate NCC Officers (ANOs). 11. NCC is staffed by the following:- (a) Regular officers drawn from the three services. (b) Whole Time Lady Officers (WTLO) from NCC. (c) Associate NCC officers (ANOs), who are professors and teachers. (d) Girl Cadet Instructors (GCI) from NCC. (e) Permanent Instructional (PI) Staff from Army, Navy and Air Force. (f) Civilian Gliding Instructors and Ship Modelling Instructors. (g) Civilian Staff. 12. Good and organized training is an important part of NCC and hence it is given due importance. The corps has achieved success through its well-regulated system of rigorous training which includes Basic, Advanced and Specialized training, with more stress on training camps. 13. Training activities of NCC can be broadly divided as under:- (a) Institutional Training. Training organized in schools and colleges as parades. (b) Camp Training. Formal training organized as camps of 10-12 days duration. (c) Attachment Training. Formal training organized by attachment with Army / Naval / Air Force units or with officer training academies like Indian Military Academy (IMA) and Officers Training Academy (OTA). (d) Naval Wing Activities. Seamanship, Navigation, Communication and other associated naval subjects are taught to cadets. Swimming, Scuba Diving and Wind Surfing are other interesting activities to which the cadets are exposed to.  3 (e) Air Wing Activities. Airmanship, Aero modelling, Navigation, Air Frames, Aero Engines and Microlite Flying are taught to cadets. (f) Remount & Veterinary Activity. This activity is primarily meant for horsemanship and riding. 14. Organisation and structure of NCC is as under:- Head Quarters Director General NCC Director General NCC (Lieutenant General) 2 x Additional Director (Major General /Equivalent) and 5x Brigs/Director (Brigadier/Equivalent) OTA GWALIOR OTA KAMPTEE 17 State Dtes Army - 12 Navy - 02 Army - 700 Air force - 03 Infantry Bn- 398 Girls Bn - 108 99 – GP HQs Armoured Sqn - 22 Army - 89 837 Units Artillery Bty - 23 Navy - 04 Signals Coy - 14 Air Force- 06 Engineers Coy - 13 Medical Bn - 13 Remount & Navy - 73 Air Force-64 Veterinary Bn - 21 Technical - 01 Flying - 53 Electronics & Mechanical Medical - 01 Technical- 11 Engineers Coy - 08 Dockyard- 01 Compo Coy - 23 Non-Technical - 70 Boys Coy – 46 Girls Coy - 11  4 Conclusion 15. NCC as an organisation has unified the youth, not only of our country, but has made significant efforts to interact with the youth of other countries through YEP (Youth Exchange Programme), thus expanding the scope of its training and the ultimate goal of attaining Unity. SUMMARY Aims of NCC 1. The aims of NCC are:- (a) To develop qualities of Character, Comradeship, Discipline, Secular Outlook, Spirit of Adventure and Ideals of selfless service in the cadets. (b) To create a human resource of organised, trained and motivated youth, to provide leadership in all walks of life who will serve the nation regardless of which career they choose. (c) To provide an environment conducive to motivating young Indians to choose the Armed Forces as a career. Organisation of NCC 2. The NCC Headquarters is situated in New Delhi and t here are 17 Directorates located in the state capitals. Directorates have up to 14 Group Headquarters and each NCC Group Headquarters controls 5-7 NCC units / battalions. There are two training academies namely Officers Training Academy, Kamptee for men and Officers Training Academy, Gwalior for ladies. 3. NCC is staffed by Regular officers, Permanent Instructional (PI) Staff , Associate NCC officers (ANOs), Girl Cadet Instructors (GCI) , Whole Time Lady Officers (WTLO) , SMIs and CivilianStaff. 4. Training activities of NCC are Institutional Training, Camp Training, Attachment Training, Remount & Veterinary Activity, Air Wing Activities and Naval Wing Activities. 5. NCC has 837 units which include 700 Army units (including 108 Girls unit), 73 Navy units and 64 Air Force units.  5 CHAPTER NCC-II INCENTIVES TO CADETS Introduction 1. Apart from training and preparing the youth for future challenges in NCC, cadets are given various benefits in terms of job opportunities, scholarships and financial aid in time of any tragedy while doing any NCC related activities. These incentives are announced from time to time both by the Central and State Governments. These incentives are in the field of employment as well as academics and personal including medals, trophies, cash award etc. The best incentive being the vacancy reserved for ‘C’ certificate holder cadets for the commission as officer in the Armed Forces. Incentives by the Central Government 2. For ‘C’ Certificate Holders. Specific vacancies in the Army, Air Force and Navy are allotted for NCC ‘C’ certificate holders. For officers there is no UPSC written exams. After application, the cadet is called directly for SSB interview, which he/she has to clear before final selection as per the merit list. The following vacancies are reserved by each service as officers:- (a) Army. 100 seats per year at OTA for Men and 10% for Women. (b) Navy. 06 seats per course. (c) Air Force. 10% vacancies in all courses. 3. 5-10% bonus marks for recruitment in ranks in Army, Navy and Air force. 4. Bonus marks for employment in CAPF/Para Military Forces and Department of Telecommunication. 5. Can apply for gazetted post in CRPF if the cadet is a graduate. 6. Preference in State Services and also in private sectors. 7. Employment within NCC as Whole Time Lady Officer, Girl Cadet Instructor, Aero and Ship Modelling Instructor. 8. In Air Force Academy 5% seats are reserved for Girl candidates holding NCC ‘C’ certificate. 9. In OTA Chennai, seats are reserved for Girls candidates holding NCC ‘C’ certificate (Seats are notified every year). Financial Assistance / Scholarships 10. Financial aid and relief to cadets is provided by Cadet Welfare Society (CWS) to the cadet in case of any injury or, to the NOK in case of any fatality during NCC related activities. Details of the financial assistance are:- NCC Death Permanent Temporary Activities Cases Disability Disability (a) High Risk 5,00,000/- up to 5,00,000/- up to 1,75,000/- (b) Other Activities 4,50,000/- up to 4,50,000/- up to 1,75,000/- 11. The benefits provided by the CWS are:- (a) CWS awards scholarship of Rs 6000/- per cadet for 1000 NCC cadets every year to academically brilliant students.  6 (b) Grant of Best Cadet Award of Rs 4500/- and 2nd Best Cadet Award of Rs 3500/- at each Group level. (c) Conduct of sports and adventure activities. Incentives by State Governments 12. Preference is given by various state governments to the NCC ‘B’/ ‘C’ certificate holders for Recruitment in following departments:- (a) Police Service. (b) Transport Department. (c) Forest Department. (d) Excise Department. (e) Preference to the Girl Cadets as nurses, receptionists and telephone operators. 13. State wise incentives* provided by various state governments are as enumerated:- Ser Name of Academic Field Employment Field Cash Award No State (a) Andhra 1% seat reserved in each Weightage of 5% marks Nil Pradesh Course of Engineering given for 02 Foresters, 03 College, Medical Courses, Beat Officers, 04 Asstt MBA/MCA/MA/MCom/M Sc, Beat Officers. degree and diploma courses, LLB Courses, Govt Polytechnics. Auth: dated17/11/2000 and 07 Jul 2012. (b) Arunachal Relaxation of 5% marks for Preference in recruitment Pradesh admission to educational to the State Police institutions. Service. (c) Haryana Preference in Home Guard Department and State Police Force. (d) Himachal Weightage for admission to Pradesh various courses of study in Himachal Pradesh University. (e) Jammu and 2% Seats reserved in Preference given for Nil Kashmir Kashmir University for the recruitment to non- candidates possessing gazetted post services in outstanding proficiency in Police, Home Guard, NCC. Forest and Excise Deptt to an NCC ‘C’ Certificate Auth: dated 27 Apr 1976 holder up to 01 post or and 25 Sep 2009. 10% which is higher. Similarly, for the girl candidate for the non- gazetted post in Police, Nurses, Receptionist and Telephone operators.  7 Ser Name of State Academic Field Employment Field Cash Award No (f) Karnataka Reservation of seats for NCC Nil Rs. 10,000/- to Cadets in professional Medal winner courses in Medical, in RDC and Engineering and other Rs. 5000/- to Technical Courses. participants in RDC. Auth: - 02 Dec 2014. (g) Kerala and Seats in Engineering Lakshadweep Colleges, Polytechnics, Ayurveda Medical and Nursing Colleges. Bonus marks for Pre-Degree, Degree Courses, Post Graduate Courses, B.Ed. Courses and Teachers Training Course. Weightage for admission to higher studies. (h) Madhya Preference for admission to Preference given to NCC Pradesh the post graduate/ ‘C’ certificate holders for professional/ degree recruitment in all state colleges. 10 marks being jobs. added to final marks to NCC cadets selected for participation in Republic Day Camp. (j) Maharashtra 15 seats reserved for Nil Chief Minister Polytechnics college. Scholarship:- Ten grace marks to NCC 150 Cadets @ cadets appearing in various 3 cadets per degree examinations by major unit 1 University of Mumbai. cadet per 2% marks to NCC cadets by minor unit are Maharashtra University. awarded Rs. Three marks given for 2000/- for admission in medical SD/SW cadets colleges. and Rs. 1500/- Ten seats reserved in for JD/JW Engineering colleges for NCC cadets. cadets representing State in the All-India Competition. Weightage of four marks for admission in ITI. Auth: -24 Aug 1984 (k) Manipur Reservation of 10% posts in the Police Department. (l) Meghalaya Posts of women constable in state police force. (m) North Eastern Two seats reserved in Preference given to NCC Region – diploma and certificate ‘B’/’C’ certificate holders Assam courses in engineering and for recruitment in Police technology. One seat each in Service and Government Assam and Jorhat Jobs. Engineering College.  8 Ser Name of State Academic Field Employment Field Cash Award No (n) Nagaland Relaxation of 5% marks for Govt. Preference to NCC admission to educational ‘B’ and ‘C’ certificate institutions including technical holders in State Police institution under State Force. (o) Odisha Additional weightage of Preference for recruitment marks over and above the to the State Police Force. aggregate marks obtained for admission in various colleges. (p) Pondicherry A weightage of 2% of marks Preference in all for B.A. /B.Sc. / B.Com. Departments of Courses. Pondicherry, especially in Police. (q) Punjab Weightage of marks given for admission in various courses in State Government Polytechnics, Colleges and Universities. (r) Rajasthan Weightage for the purpose ofPreference in State Police admission to various courses. Force. (s) Tamil Nadu One seat reserved in Under Consideration by Tamil Graduate Course in each Nadu Public Commission college and one seat in any in Civil Services, exams. Post Graduate Course and Out of twelve marks for Polytechnic, where NCC the oral test in the B.T. Scheme is available. and P.G. Assistant recruitment/ appointment in Tamil Nadu. (t) Tripura Preference to NCC ‘B’ and ‘C’ certificate holders in Police service and Government jobs. (u) Uttar Pradesh Bonus marks/weightage by 8% posts are reserved in various Universities for State Government for part admission in various Degree, time NCC officers and B.Ed. and Post-Graduation NCC cadets who become courses disabled during the course of training. (v) Uttarakhand One seat in each branch in Cash Kumaon Engineering Incentives, College, GB Pant Chief Minister Engineering College and Gold and Govt. Polytechnic Colleges Silver Medal and two seats each in prize-amount Kumaon University and not fixed. Garhwal University for B.Ed. (w) West Bengal Weightage being given for and Sikkim enrolment in Police. 20% weightage is given to NCC cadets for recruitment in Home Guard.  9 Admission in Educational Institutes 14. Many educational institutes have allotted special quota to the certificate holders from NCC. Preference is given in following fields:- (a) Degree and diploma courses. (b) LLB courses. (c) Govt. Polytechnics and Engineering Colleges. (d) Medical Courses. 15. The incentives keep changing from time to time. Hence, the cadets must keep themselves aware of the incentives published in various Central / State Government orders. Conclusion 16. The youth of Independent India are indeed fortunate to have such an organisation existing in the country which spends vast amount of financial and physical resources towards their personality development, and thus is indeed a nursery for grooming of future leaders in various walks of life. The NCC offers relaxation in the selection standard for employment in various armed forces, para-military forces as well as state government jobs; provides opportunities to work for NCC either in the form of GCI (Girl Cadet Instructor) or WTLO (Whole Time Lady Officer). SUMMARY 1. Specific vacancies in the Army, Air Force and Navy are allotted for NCC ‘C’ certificate holders. The following vacancies are reserved by each service as officers:- (a) Army. 100 seats per year at OTA for Men and 10% for Women. (b) Navy. 06 seats per course. (c) Air Force.10% vacancies in all courses. 2. Financial aid and relief to cadets is provided by Cadet Welfare Society (CWS) to the cadet in case of any injury or, to the NOK in case of any fatality during NCC related activities. 3. Preference is given by various state governments to the NCC ‘B’/ ‘C’ certificate holders for Recruitment in following departments:- (a) Police Service. (b) Transport Department. (c) Forest Department. (d) Excise Department. (e) Preference to the Girl Cadets as nurses, receptionists and telephone operators. 4. Many educational institutes have allotted special quota to the certificate holders from NCC. Preference is given in following fields:- (a) Degree and diploma courses. (b) LLB courses. (c) Govt. Polytechnics and Engineering Colleges. (d) Medical Courses.  10 CHAPTER NCC-III DUTIES OF NCC CADETS Introduction 1. NCC is the largest youth organisation in the world with an enrolled strength of more than 13 lakh Cadets. The aim of NCC is to train the young boys and girls to be better citizens and future leaders of our great country in all walks of life, including defence forces. NCC strives to be and is one of the strongest unifying forces of our nation, bringing together the youth hailing from different parts of our country and moulding them into united, secular and disciplined citizens of our nation. Any student joining the ranks of NCC must know his/her duties and responsibilities as a cadet and he/she must maintain a conduct expected of a trained youth leader of the country. The Cadet 2. The term Cadet stands for “trainee”. It is generally used as a military term. Cadets are the integral part of NCC and they are divided into two divisions i.e. SD/SW and JD/JW. SD/SW represents cadets from colleges and universities where as JD/JW represents only schools. 3. Any volunteer citizen of India or Nepal who is of good character and on the roll of schools or colleges; fulfilling the age, medical and other criteria can be enrolled into NCC. He/she has to undergo the stipulated training; both at their institution as well as at a training camp. He/she is called a cadet of NCC. 4. Advantages of being a Cadet. The advantages of being an NCC cadet are many fold. NCC as an organisation plays an active role in shaping the character and outlook of the cadet through its training and strict day to day schedule. An NCC cadet wearing a uniform and seen around is envy to the society especially youth. The main advantages of being an NCC cadet are enumerated below:- (a) Being part of 13 lakh strong and the largest youth organisation in the world. (b) Being moulded into a disciplined and motivated youth. (c) Chance to take part in disaster relief tasks. (d) Opportunity to attend NCC camps like ATC, CATC, NIC, COC etc. (e) Wear the uniform and lead a life style akin to military. (f) Opportunity to visit foreign countries as part of YEP. (g) Opportunity to take part in social awareness programs. (h) Preference for joining armed forces and other forces. (j) Preference in higher studies. Duties and Responsibilities of Cadets 5. An NCC cadet once enrolled has certain duties and responsibilities unlike his/her peers in the institution. The duties and responsibilities are towards nation, society at large, his institution, NCC organisation and to his fellow cadets too. 6. Duties of NCC cadets during parades and camps are as under:- (a) Self discipline is the most basic trait of an NCC Cadet. (b) He/she has to be punctual during parade and roll call.  11 (c) Obeying the orders of higher ranks is yet another important duty of NCC Cadet. (d) Every cadet should participate in camp activities with complete enthusiasm. (e) Always take proper hair cut and wear clean and correct pattern of uniform. Polishing of shoes, pressing of uniforms and wearing of beret in correct manner should be followed. (f) Take part in the cultural activities organized by the NCC. (g) Attend all NCC parades regularly without fail. (h) Participate in the team work. (j) Extend complete cooperation to the seniors. (k) Pursue the adventure activities. 7. Responsibilities of a Cadet. An NCC cadet by the very fact of being an active cadet has to shoulder extra responsibilities unlike his fellow classmates who are not members of NCC. His responsibilities are nowhere written but obligatory as an outcome of his training. Thus, he or she fulfills the main aims of NCC i.e., becoming a potential leader with character qualities and responsible citizen. He has separate responsibilities to his NCC unit, Organisation, his institution, society at large and to the country. That includes active participation in social awareness initiatives, environmental issues, disaster relief, adventure and sports activities and other nation building efforts. It doesn’t end with his NCC training at his institution, but has to be carried forward to all the fields where he is going to be engaged in the future too. Thus, with passage of time, country would have had past NCC cadets occupying leadership positions in all walks of life espousing the noble values and objectives of NCC. 8. Cadets Commandments. Director General, NCC has given out a list of ‘Cadets Commandments’ for all NCC cadets to follow in their life. They are given below:- (a) I will ensure construction of toilet in my house and motivate at least 10 persons for the same. (b) I will be an ‘Aadhar’ Indian and would motivate 10 more persons to be one. (c) I will donate blood at least once every year. (d) I will make only digital transactions wherever possible and motivate others for the same. (e) I will plant minimum two trees in a year and care for the same. (f) I will obtain my voter and PAN Card once I have crossed 18 years of age. (g) I will ensure garbage segregation in my house and within 100 m of my neighbourhood. (h) I will undertake 100 hours of shramdaan for social service. (i) I will help physically-challenged persons to live their dreams. (j) I will be a role model for gender sensitivity, secular outlook and spirit of nationalism without any regional bias. (k) I will rush to help any accident victim. (l) I will always uphold motto of NCC - ‘Unity and Discipline’. I will be equally disciplined when not under observation.  12 Conclusion 9. There are a number of examples of persons whose names have become immortal in history through devotion to duty and sense of discipline. Shivaji, Maha Rana Pratap, Tipu Sultan, Mahatma Gandhi, Sardar Patel and Rani of Jhansi to name only a few. The young generation of today is the future leaders of India. The NCC cadets of today should endeavour to be good citizens of tomorrow and motivate others to emulate them. NCC cadets should understand their duties completely so that both, the nation as well as the society benefit from them. SUMMARY 1. The term Cadet stands for “trainee”. It is generally used as a military term. Cadets are the integral part of NCC and they are divided into two divisions i.e. SD/SW and JD/JW. SD/SW represents cadets from colleges and universities where as JD/JW represents only schools. 2. An NCC cadet once enrolled has certain duties and responsibilities unlike his/her peers in the institution. The duties and responsibilities are towards nation, society at large, his institution, NCC organisation and to his fellow cadets too. 3. Cadets Commandments. Director General, NCC has given out a list of ‘Cadets Commandments’ for all NCC cadets to follow in their life. They are given below:- (a) I will ensure construction of toilet in my house and motivate at least 10 persons for the same. (b) I will be an ‘Aadhar’ Indian and would motivate 10 more persons to be one. (c) I will donate blood at least once every year. (d) I will make only digital transactions wherever possible and motivate others for the same. (e) I will plant minimum two trees in a year and care for the same. (f) I will obtain my voter and PAN Card once I have crossed 18 years of age. (g) I will ensure garbage segregation in my house and within 100 m of my neighbourhood. (h) I will undertake 100 hours of shramdaan for social service. (i) I will help physically-challenged persons to live their dreams. (j) I will be a role model for gender sensitivity, secular outlook and spirit of nationalism without any regional bias. (k) I will rush to help any accident victim. (l) I will always uphold motto of NCC - ‘Unity and Discipline’. I will be equally disciplined when not under observation.  13 CHAPTER – NCC- IV NCC CAMPS: TYPES AND CONDUCT Introduction 1. The aim of Camps is to impart collective training to the cadets with special emphasis on the development of qualities of leadership. Special emphasis is laid on Development of Team Spirit and Leadership Qualities and comprehensive training in Drill, WT, Hygiene and Sanitation, Social Service etc. 2. It is imperative that all camps be planned in consultation with all agencies including Educational institutions, District Administration and the Director of Public Instruction / Education well before the commencement of the year and all concerned be intimated of date and location well in advance. Types of Camps 3. NCC conducts the following types of Camps: (a) Annual Training Camps/Combined Annual Training Camps (ATCs/ CATCs). These camps are conducted for SD, SW, JD and JW cadets over a period of 10 days. The aim of these camps is to introduce cadets to a regimented way of life. During Camp training endeavour should be made to give cadets maximum exposure to Range Drill, Firing and Specialized training with emphasis on community living, discipline, character, confidence building and First Aid. (b) Centrally Organised Camps (COC). These are planned at the HQ DGNCC level and are of 12 days duration. The Aim of these camps is to bring together all cadets from various parts of the country and to enable them to live and know the culture of different states, which help them in imbibing ‘Espirit De Corps’ as well as Unity in Diversity against a backdrop of national Integration. The various types of COCs are: (i) Leadership Camps. These camps are organised on an all India basis to develop leadership qualities in cadets and also provide SSB training to all wing cadets for induction into Armed Forces. (ii) Thal Sainik Camp. The aim of this camp is to give an exposure to salient aspects of Army Wing training and generate healthy competitive spirit by conducting Army Wing competitions contributing towards Prime Minister’s Banner awarded during Republic Day Parade. It is conducted at Delhi in DGNCC Camp. (iii) Nau Sainik Camp. The aim of this camp is to give an exposure to salient aspects of Naval Wing training and generate healthy competitive spirit by conducting Naval Wing competitions contributing towards Prime Minister’s Banner awarded during Republic Day Parade. It is conducted at Karwar/Visakhapatnam. (iv) Vayu Sainik Camp. The aim of this camp is to give an exposure to salient aspects of Air Wing training and generate healthy competitive spirit by conducting Air Wing competitions contributing towards Prime Minister’s Banner awarded during Republic Day Parade. It is conducted at Jodhpur in Rajasthan. (v) Republic Day Camp (RDC). NCC Republic Day camp is the culmination of all NCC Training activities and is held at Garrison Parade Grounds, Delhi Cantt from 01 Jan to 29 Jan each year. Selected NCC cadets from all the states and Union Territories attend the camp as per vacancies allotted by HQ DGNCC annually. The camp is inaugurated by the Hon’ble Vice President of India and culminates with the Prime Minister’s Rally on 28 January. During the camp, visit of Hon’ble Raksha Mantri, Hon’ble Raksha Rajya Mantri, Hon’ble Chief Minister of Delhi and three service chiefs are also organized. During the RDC, various competitions are conducted amongst the 17 NCC Directorates to decide the Champion Directorate for award of Prime Minister’s Banner. Competitions are keenly contested in various events such as Drill, Guard Of Honour, Rajpath Contingent and Prime  14 Minister’s Rally, National Integration Awareness, Line & Flag Area, Cultural, Best Cadet in each wing, i.e. Army, Navy and Air Force, Aero modelling, Ship modelling competitions are also conducted. (vi) Ek Bharat Shresth Bharat Camp. National Integration camps are conducted on all India basis with representation from each region and help to integrate the diversity amongst various states of India. In addition, Special National Integration Camps are held at remote and border areas to give an exposure to the difficulties faced by the citizens residing in these areas. The duration of the camp is 12 days for SD/SW and JD/JW. (vii) SSB Screening Camp. SSB Screening Camps for both SD boys and SW girls are conducted at Officers Training Academies and other Centrally Organised camps. The aim is to orient and prepare cadets for selection for induction into Armed Forces. (viii) Rock Climbing Camp. Rock Climbing camps are held to expose the cadets to the basics of elementary rock climbing and to inculcate spirit of adventure, leadership qualities, team spirit, camaraderie as also physical fitness to include enhancing of stamina and endurance amongst the cadets. (ix) All India Treks. These camps are conducted under the aegis of DGNCC. These treks are conducted by designated State Directorates. These camps make the cadets aware of the uniqueness and rich cultural diversity of India. The duration of these camps is of 10 days. The aim of trekking camps is to develop spirit of adventure, leadership, stamina, endurance, self-confidence, team spirit as well as espirit-de-corps’ and also to imbibe environmental awareness and concern, inculcate respect for local customs, culture and history and lastly to promote national integration’ their conduct is covered by DG NCC “SOP: All India Treks” issued vide DG NCC letter No 17812/Trek/DG NCC/Trg(E) of 28 Nov 2013. (c) Military Attachment Camp. These Camps are of 12 days duration and are for Senior Division boys and Senior Wing Girls. Aim of these camps is to expose selected Senior Division Cadets to Armed Forces environment to give a feel of Military Training which would give them confidence and inspire them to join the Armed Forces. Selected girl cadets are exposed to day to day functioning of a Military Hospitals, which would give an exposure in the field of Hygiene, Sanitation and patient management. Attachment training is also given to SW and SD cadets at OTA and IMA, Air Force and Navy academies. (d) Attachment Training IMA/OTA These camps are conducted for a duration of 12 days for SD/SW cadets. Detailed training schedule is prepared in with IMA/OTA. The aim of these training is ‘to expose the cadets to the training imparted at IMA/OTA and to motivate them to join the Armed Forces as Commissioned Officers’. Training Activities in Camp. 4. The following types of training activities are carried out in camps: (a) PT/Yoga. (b) Drill. (c) Games. (d) Guest Lectures. (e) Line Area maintenance. (f) Map Reading. (g) Night Navigation. (h) Obstacle Training. (j) Firing. (k) Social Service Work/Rally. (l) Visit to places of Historical interest. (m) Cultural activities. (n) Organizing sports and other competitions. 5. Camp Routine. Routine followed by cadets during the camp is as under:  15 (a) Reveille. (b) Physical Training. (c) Breakfast break. (d) Training periods with timely breaks. (e) Lunch break. (f) Rest Period. (g) Tea. (h) Game. (j) Washing/Bathing. (k) Retreat. (l) Roll Call Parades. (m) Cultural Activities/Recreation. (n) Dinner. (o) Private Study. (p) Lights Out. Republic Day Camp 6. All India Annual NCC Republic Day Camp held in January every year is an event of National importance and National integration. The activities of the cadets and officers attending the camp are observed with keen interest by various dignitaries and participants in the camp. The programme is widely covered by the international and national media. Also, the international participants in the camp carry indelible memories of their stay and association with their Indian counterparts. 7. This camp is attended by cadets from all wings of NCC Directorates selected on the basis of their skill, proficiency and capabilities on various competitions and events. The camp witnesses the presence of cadets from all 17 Directorates of the country. They share their culture, traditions, customs etc, informally and also through National Integration Awareness Programme which is a competition held as part of the Camp. The culmination of activities is the Prime Minister’s Rally during which Banner to the Champion NCC Directorate and awards to All India Best Cadets of each Wing are awarded. The Camp is intended to:- (a) Project the best of NCC to the national leaders and people. (b) Conduct Inter-Directorate Competitions to determine the winner of Inter Directorate Championship Banner and All India Best Cadets of all Wings. (c) Select and train NCC Marching Contingents to participate in the Republic Day Parade at Rajpath on 26 January and Guard of Honour for the Vice President, Prime Minister and other dignitaries. (d) Foster spirit of national unity amongst the cadets through exchange of cultural programmes and national integration awareness programmes. 8. The aim of the Republic Day Camp is to enhance the self-confidence of cadets, deepen their value systems and provide an exposure to the rich culture and traditions of our nation and the important events that take place at the National Capital during the Republic Day. The camp portrays a reflection of ‘Mini India’. Basic qualities developed amongst the cadets through RDC are:- (a) National Integration. It helps to inculcate sense of national unity. By interacting with cadets from different parts of the country cadets will come to know the basic ideology and culture where India stands. It helps the nation in creating a pool of citizens to spread the message of national unity which subsequently helps in national integration. (b) Cultural Exchange. The camp sensitizes cadets on the diverse culture of India. Basic understanding of cultural differences will help in overcoming negative sentiments developing in the nation due to cultural imitation.  16 (c) Social Awareness & Community Development. The social service and community development activities include Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Tree Plantation, Anti-Drug Rally, Cancer Awareness, Disaster Relief, Blood Donation, Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, AIDS Awareness and Care for the Blind, Traffic Control and other similar relevant contemporary social issues. The objectives of Social Service are as follows:- (i) To teach the cadets the dignity of labour and to create in them an interest in constructive work which will be helpful in community development. (ii) To set an example of selfless service and team work. (iii) To give a lead in organized work, with a view to utilizing to the maximum possible extent the available unused time, energy and other resources of our people and direct them in various fields of social and economic activity. (d) Leadership. To develop an all-round dynamic personality with adequate leadership traits to deal and contribute effectively in all walks of life. It improves self-awareness of a cadet and helps in building up interpersonal relationship, positive attitude, improves communication skills, time management, leadership skills, realization of importance of teamwork etc. Ek Bharat Shresth Bharat Camp 9. Ek Bharat Shresth Bharat (EBSB) Camps were previously known as National Integration Camps. These are conducted to make cadets understand and value the rich heritage of cultures that forge unity despite the diverse languages, traditions and religions of our country. These camps are conducted on an all India basis and help bridge the cultural gap amongst various states of India. SBEB aims to propagate national integration among cadets and society. 35 EBSB camps are conducted every year in different parts of the country. The following activities are conducted in the camp:- (a) Cultural Programmes. Cultural exchange is one of the prominent attractions of Special National Integration Camp. Understanding of the common historical and cultural heritage of the country as symbolized in historical monuments, cultural forms and the way of life of the people. It promotes the spirit of national integration and communal harmony amongst the youth in particular and amongst the masses in general through different creative and innovative cultural activities. (b) Awareness Programmes. Familiarization with the environment, family life, social customs, etc. of the people living in different parts of the country is the main theme of awareness programmes. (c) Quiz Competitions. The idea behind this competition is to promote knowledge- based initiatives amongst the youth and to excel in a knowledge-based economy. The concept of National Integration, spirit of communal harmony, brotherhood, courage and adventure are being propagated in this competition. (d) Demonstrations on National Unity. Appreciation of the vastness of the country, its varied customs and traditions and yet the basic oneness which should instil in participants a sense of pride in being an Indian and to inculcate a feeling of communal harmony amongst youth. Conclusion 10. NCC is the premier organisation which nurtures the youth of our nation. Unity and discipline is the motto of NCC. A large number of camps are conducted by NCC where cadets from different parts of the country get together. Republic Day Camp is the most important one that promote national integration. Direct interaction amongst the cadets from different parts of the country helps in forming a better understanding on India. The role of NCC in this regard is incomparable because of its great contribution towards the process of national integration.  17 SUMMARY 1. The aim of Camps is to impart collective training to the cadets with special emphasis on the development of qualities of leadership. NCC conducts the following types of Camps: (a) Annual Training Camps/Combined Annual Training Camps (ATCs/ CATCs). (b) Centrally Organised Camps (COC). (i) Leadership Camps. (ii) Thal Sainik Camp. (iii) Nau Sainik Camp. (iv) Vayu Sainik Camp. (v) Republic Day Camp (RDC). (vi) Ek Bharat Shresth Bharat Camp. (vii) SSB Screening Camp. (viii) Rock Climbing Camp (ix) All India Treks (c) Military Attachment Camp. (d) Attachment Training IMA/OTA. 2. The following types of training activities are carried out in camps: (a) PT/Yoga. (b) Drill. (c) Games. (d) Guest Lectures. (e) Line Area maintenance. (f) Map Reading. (g) Night Navigation. (h) Obstacle Training. (j) Firing. (k) Social Service Work/Rally. (l) Visit to places of Historical interest. (m) Cultural activities. (n) Organizing sports and other competitions. 3. All India Annual NCC Republic Day Camp held in January every year is an event of National importance and National integration. The aim of the Republic Day Camp is to enhance the self- confidence of cadets, deepen their value systems and provide an exposure to the rich culture and traditions of our nation and the important events that take place at the National Capital during the Republic Day. 4. Ek Bharat Shresth Bharat (EBSB) Camps are conducted to make cadets understand and value the rich heritage of cultures that forge unity despite the diverse languages, traditions and religions of our country. These camps are conducted on an all India basis and help bridge the cultural gap among various states of India. EBSB aims to propagate national integration among cadets and society. 35 EBSB are conducted every year in different parts of the country. In addition, six Special NICs are conducted regularly at Leh/Srinagar, Dimapur/ Kohima, Jaisalmer, Kakinada, Lakshdweep and Port Blair.  18 CHAPTER NI - I NATIONAL INTEGRATION: IMPORTANCE AND NECESSITY Introduction 1. National integration means a feeling of togetherness and unity among the people of a country. It also means an atmosphere in which all citizens, irrespective of their caste, religion and region live together peacefully. It refers to integration in all respects, social political, economic and emotional. In an integrated country people share common goals. They all work together and co-operate with each other for the prosperity of the nation. Importance of National Integration 3. It means the preservation of diverse cultures and at the same time living in harmony with each other. No country can survive if its people do not remain united. The feeling of togetherness and a sense of belonging are absolutely necessary for a nation to survive. Such a feeling can only be generated through the process of integration. Thus, national integration is a positive concept which provides strength to the people to fight against all evil forces. 4. The realisation of its importance in itself is a step in the desired direction. The Government having appreciated the urgency and seriousness of the subject is taking positive steps towards achieving the national integration. NCC, one of the prime organisations of the country training the youth, the future of this great nation, makes the ideal ground to start with. National integration has been made part and parcel of NCC training. Lot of emphasis is laid on national integration by conducting national level camps and number of other activities where cadets from all over the country participate. Essence of National Integration 5. National Integration is an emotional and spiritual bond which binds all of Indians irrespective of caste, creed, colour, race, religion and region. In reality, it is the common ideal whose intensity in the passions of the people, determines our “real strength’. Emotional integration of the country connotes a firm conviction on the part of the individual that there exists a stake for him or her in the well-being of the Nation. In short being a good citizen of the country in its true sense is what National Integration is all about. In fact, National Integration and Nation Building are synonymous. National Integration includes the following:- (a) Cultural Integration. Cultural integration is a form of cultural exchange in which one group assumes the beliefs, practices and rituals of another group without sacrificing the characteristics of its own culture. It is generally looked upon as positive because nothing is lost. Seen from this light, cultural integration is a healthy intermingling of the beliefs and rituals of two unique cultures. (b) Economic Integration. The perception of the common man in India is that generally, the poor are becoming poorer and the rich-richer. It is an open question whether equal social and economic justice is available to all segments of the society. However, the economic injustice gives rise to indifferent tendencies in the society. These people are always ripe for misguidance and to keep them in the mainstream, economic integration is essential. Various reasons for economic inequality are:- (i) Unemployment / Underemployment of People. The main reason for low level of income of the majority of Indian people is unemployment and underemployment. Since sufficient employment could not be created through the process of planned economic development, it was not possible to increase the income levels of most people. (ii) Inflation. Another cause of inequality is inflation. During inflation, few profit earners gain and most wage earners lose. This is exactly what has happened in India. This has created more and more inequality and this leads to a fall in the standard of living of the poor people since their purchasing power falls.  19 (iii) Farmer Distress. No doubt, India’s new agricultural strategy led to the Green Revolution and raised agricultural productivity. But the benefits of higher productivity were enjoyed mainly by the rich farmers and landowners. At the same time, the economic conditions of landless workers and marginal farmers deteriorated over the years. Most farmers in India could not enjoy the-benefits of higher agricultural productivity. As a result, inequality in the distribution of income in the rural areas has increased. (c) Political Integration. Politics needs to be separated from religion. Strict laws must be enforced against exploitation of the common man by the politicians and vested interests. This can be achieved only through correct understanding of different political ideologies being practiced by politicians from different backgrounds. (d) Religious Integration. Our Constitution permits practice of individual religion, without hurting or offending the religious sentiments and beliefs of others. The need is to understand the existing commonalities in the principles and teachings of all the religions to develop a positive attitude towards religion. The correct understanding and Interpretation of our own religion and faith will automatically help in developing mutual respect for each other’s religion leading to religious harmony and tolerance in the country. (e) Social Integration. Social integration is movement of minority groups such as ethnic minorities and underprivileged sections of our society into the mainstream of societies. Social integration requires proficiency in an accepted common language of society, acceptance of laws of the society and adoption of common set of values of the society. Provision of equal rights and opportunities has been guaranteed through our Constitution. Necessity of National Integration 6. India has a rich cultural heritage characterized by tolerance, compassion and synthesis. After independence, our country opted for secularism and equal opportunity for all, but vested interests and divisive forces under the cover of communal organisations and political parties have been encouraging fissiparous tendencies to undermine the security, unity, and integrity of India. They exploit and spread casteism, communalism, regionalism, religious bigotry, intolerance, linguism and so on, for their narrow and immediate interests and sacrifice national interests. To fight this growing menace, it is the sacred duty of every Indian to work for National Integration. 7. National integration is necessary particularly in a country like India, where people with different languages, religions, races and culture are required to be weaved together. The unity in diversity of which we are proud of can only be maintained if, we have the understanding and respect for each other’s religion, customs and traditions. If we have to survive as a nation and safeguard our sovereignty and national integrity, we have to remain united. National integration is a pre-requisite for the survival and prosperity of any nation and hence needs no emphasis. National integration is therefore a basic necessity for survival of any nation through the following means:- (a) Maintenance of Peace and Harmony. Peace and harmony between the people of a nation can be achieved only through the feeling of togetherness amongst the people. (b) Growth and Development of the Nation. National integration is a process that must be equally understood by all citizens of a nation which will subsequently lead the nation achieve the growth and development. (c) Law and Order. Provision of equal rights and opportunities can be ensured only through proper awareness of the prevailing laws. It will lead to proper maintenance of law and order situation. (d) Culture and Religious Development. Our constitution permits practice of individual religion without hurting the beliefs of others. National integration is essential for developing mutual respect for each other’s religion.  20 (e) Dignity and Self-Respect. Every citizen must be dealt with equal dignity. Mutual respect and dignity will develop only if we believe in it and practice it. (f) Welfare and well-being of the People. Welfare of the masses can be achieved only through proper understanding between the people and it can be achieved through the process of oneness. 8. National integration is the awareness of a common identity amongst the citizens of a country. It means that though we belong to different castes, religions and regions and speak different languages we recognize the fact that we are all one. National festivals act as an important unifying force. Independence Day, Republic Day, Gandhi Jayanti etc are festivals that are celebrated by all Indians and in all parts of the country, regardless of language, religion or culture. They remind us of our common nationality. On Republic Day we stress on the importance of showing proper respect to the nation. Republic Day Camp of NCC provides ample opportunities to the youth of the country to meet and share their respective cultures and ultimately helps in the promotion of national integration. Conclusion 9. It is the duty of each and every citizen of our country to strive to achieve unity in spite of diversity and further maintain that. We must remember that there should be no divisions between different parts of the country. There is only one India of which we all Indians are inheritors. We are Indian first and Indians last. The unity in diversity of which we are proud of can only be maintained if, we have the understanding and respect for each other’s religion, customs and traditions. SUMMARY 1. National integration means a feeling of togetherness and unity among the people of a country. It also means an atmosphere in which all citizens, irrespective of their caste, religion and region live together peacefully. NCC, one of the prime organisations of the country training the youth, the future of this great nation, makes the ideal ground to start with. National integration has been made part and parcel of NCC training. Lot of emphasis is laid on national integration by conducting national level camps and number of other activities where cadets from all over the country participate. 2. National Integration includes the following:- (a) Cultural Integration. (b) Economic Integration. (i) Unemployment / Underemployment of People. (ii) Inflation. (iii) Farmer Distress. (c) Political Integration. (d) Religious Integration. (e) Social Integration. 3. National integration is survival of any nation through the following means:- (a) Maintenance of Peace and Harmony. (b) Growth and Development of the Nation. (c) Law and Order. (d) Culture and Religious Development. (e) Dignity and Self-Respect. (f) Welfare and well-being of the People  21 CHAPTER NI - II FACTORS AFFECTING NATIONAL INTEGRATION Introduction 1. India is a country with innumerable diversities; an entity composed of many communities, races classes, languages and sub cultures. In any such nation, there are many obstacles to the achievement of national integration. In India, various issues/ factors are obstructing the growth of national feeling, viz. casteism, communalism, linguistic fanaticism, social disparity, economic inequalities and immorality, regionalism etc. In spite of all these limitations. India has developed into one nation by the influence of common territory, common history and common fight for freedom against the foreign rule. Factors Affecting National Integration 2. The People of India are at cross roads today. A number of divisive forces are working overtime to divide the nation. The overzealous religious, linguistic and regional groups have by and large, adopted myopic policies. For their immediate gains, they sacrifice country’s long-term interests. There are several forces of disintegration in the country which are jeopardising the National Unity. Some of the factors chiefly responsible for weakening the National Integration have been discussed in the succeeding paragraphs. 3. Cultural Aspects. The Indian society is multi-racial and multi-religious with a diverse culture. Indian culture has given rise to various complications in the society. The mixed culture of today and the rich cultural heritage can prove to be the most effective tool for achieving National Integration. Unfortunately, the people are not being correctly taught and guided on these cultural aspects. It is often forgotten that we all belong to the same culture, whatever be its beginning. 4. Political Motives. For the sake of maintaining their status, political parties indulge in exploitation of the people in one form or the other. Such actions misguide people to move away from the national mainstream, paving the way for insurgency and resurgence of religious fanaticism and fervour. 5. Lack of Education. Inspite of the political independence of the country in 1947, the people at large are yet to be liberated. Illiteracy is still rampant though being overcome slowly and gradually. Illiterates and unemployed are more easily misguided and exploited by the people with vested interests, due to their ignorance and lack of proper perspective. 6. Communalism. Religious antagonism has posed a serious challenge to national integration in India. Political manipulation has projected one religion against the other which has resulted in communal riots, bloodbath, mutual distrust and disunity in the country. Large scale illiteracy and superstitions are responsible along with other causes for rise of communalism in the country. It is very difficult to promote national integration under these situations. 7. Casteism. Casteism has always played a dirty role in matters of politics and reservation policy and has created a wide gulf between different segments of society. Unfortunately, the caste system has been recognized by the framers of the Constitution by providing a protective discrimination to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Unity and integrity have become a challenging dream in a caste ridden society. The socially neglected and scheduled castes under the suppression of upper castes have less sense of feeling of unity. It becomes a challenge for national integration. 8. Regionalism. There are several regions in India having their unique traditions, food habits, dress and languages. Each region differs from the other in one or other ways which leads to divisive tendencies within the country. The unequal development of different regions of India has negatively affected the character of national integration. The unequal development has become the major cause of many social movements after independence. People of one region compete with the persons of other regions leading to conflicts and retards progress. Land disputes, language problem etc are some of the reasons which pose hurdle on the way of national integration.  22 9. Linguistic Fanaticism. Multi-linguism is one of the important characters of India. Due to linguistic and regional loyalties the national feeling gradually erodes. Linguistic tensions are manifested in the borders which are bilingual. India has fifteen officially recognized languages. There are about 1652 dialects which are spoken in India which shows its diversity. People of one language try to establish supremacy of their language over others. When Hindi was declared as the national language, people of South India resented against this decision. Language issue has become a barrier on the way of national integration. 10. Social Disparity. In every society there is a system of social stratification. Social stratification refers to inequality in society based on unequal distribution of goods, services, wealth, power, prestige, duties, rights, obligations and privileges. Social disparity among the people of different communities, castes and sometime within the community and caste, causes tension and imbalance among the people. Social disparity poses great challenge to national integration. 11. Economic Inequalities. Economic standard of people in a state depends on the fertility of land, resources available and manpower management. All the states are not equal in the above matter which leads to uneven economic progress of the people. Even in a state distribution of wealth is not properly done. Day by day poor are becoming poorer and rich becoming richer causing tension and conflicts. It is a problem for national integration. 12. Ethnic Conflicts. Ethnic conflict has hindered national integration. Whereas the modern concept of nationalism is closely linked with the concept of nation-state, scholars have described another prevailing notion of nationalism such as religious nationalism, ethno nationalism etc. The concept of “ethno nationalism” best defines the self-understanding of the ethnic groups in Northeast India in the various forms of their struggle for identity. 13. Tribal Identity. The term “tribal” carries a denotation of primitivity and inferiority of the people for whom the name is applied. The attitude of the national mainstream that looks down upon the tribals is in serious conflict with the proud self-understanding of the tribals in various parts of the country. Such a pride is exhibited in their ethno national feeling. 14. Corruption and Lack of Character. Corruption in the country is on a scale that can be linked to the ants eating away the roots of the foundations. The lack of moral character and ethical values deprive us of the strength to overcome our own weaknesses. Combined together, corruption and lack of character have caused immense damage to the nation, whereby people at large have literally sold their souls (and the nation) for short-term personal and political gains. Measures to Achieve National Integration 15. Philosophy of Integration. Integration requires commitment in theory and practice, to work in a cooperative manner. It needs to be unequivocally understood that National Integration is a process, a growth and a development, in which every citizen has a common stake and has to equally strive for achieving it, continuously and vigorously. A sense of patriotism and nationalism alone is not sufficient for maintaining this high ideal; rather we have to keep working at it in a systematic manner all the time, always keeping in view the Nation before self. 16. Culture as a Unifying Factor. The process for evolution of Indian composite culture of today needs to be understood by one and all through its systematic education at all levels. Oneness of the country since time immemorial has never been in doubt. The messages of unity by Indian Saints and Sufis need to reach the common people of the country. The rich cultural heritage of India, in terms of the variety of languages, dialects, literature, arts, architecture, secular thoughts, customs and traditions, food and eating habits, music, dances, ethics and spiritual/moral values and so on, developed by all for understanding as to what India is. 17. Promotion of Secularism. The spirit of secularism is highly necessary in our multi-religious society. Any sorts of activities creating communal reactions in the public mind should be prohibited. No discrimination among the people on the grounds of religion should be made. 18. Role of Politics. The regional political parties play a dirty role in exploiting the regional feelings of the people. Regional political parties formed on the basis of linguism at times form the  23 Government. Politics needs to be separated from religion and strict laws enacted and enforced against exploitation of the common man by the politicians and vested interests. 19. Economic Unity. Earlier we have already hinted at the economic inequality existing in our country. For the sake of national integration, we have to see that no part of the country is particularly backward from the economic viewpoint. For this the backward classes and the minority people should be accorded special assistance for their general uplift. In government services and in distributing economic assistance these people should be given special preferences. Happily, our central government and state governments have started suitable measures in this sphere. 20. Dignity of Individuals. Every citizen must be dealt with equal dignity, irrespective of religion, region, language, caste, creed and socio-economic status. Mutual respect will develop only if we believe in it and practise it, rather than paying only lip service to it. 21. Socio-Economic Reforms. Provision of equal rights and opportunities has been guaranteed through our Constitution. However, its practice leaves much to be desired. The justice needs to be meted out equally and swiftly to ensure against frustrations and the forces of disintegration in the society. Eradication of the social injustices and the evils will automatically take care of the economic backwardness of the downtrodden and provide succour to all, particularly the backward classes. 22. Education. Education is a very powerful weapon for national integration. Through education we may give the necessary motivations to children, i.e., the future citizens of the nation. In the organisation of curriculum, in admission in various educational centres and in appointment of teachers our general policy should be such as to encourage the propagation of national elements and not to give any place to caste, religion, class and community. In the organisations of our schools, colleges and universities preference should be given to national ideas whenever possible only then we shall be able to promote national integration in the students, teachers and the people as a whole. 23. Emotional Unity. For national integration, the people of the land must come together into one emotional thread. There can be no national integration unless all the people consider themselves as one. Through emotional integration we get the power and implicit sanction of the people for national integration. Therefore, for national integration, the most urgent need is for effecting emotional unity of the people. For fulfilling this objective, we have to impress on all concerned that India has always been one and it will always remain one. We have to infuse in them the spirit that culture of India is such that everyone should be proud of it. In fact, this is exactly so. 24. National Language. It needs to be ensured that the language should not become a barrier instead of a medium. The people should not be deprived of equal opportunity, because of any language or the lack of it, particularly in securing Central Government jobs. The tri-lingual formula of National, State and Link language is quite adequate for the time being. It is important that no language be enforced on any particular region, rather people be encouraged to learn additional languages as a matter of habit for better understanding of the literature and culture of other regions. 25. Nationalism and Patriotism. We have had a glorious past, but regrettably our “today” is rather hollow. We have a rich cultural heritage, but we have to keep building it up through dedication and hard work. There is a definite need to inculcate the spirit of nationalism. The ethical, moral and spiritual values need to be built up to act as deterrence against the fissiparous tendencies in the society. “Society and Country before Self” has to be the common motto for all to be followed in letter and spirit and it is in this regard that the National and State Leadership at all levels has to set personal example. 26. Proper Use of Media. The services of the Radio and TV must be intelligently used. People of different states must be introduced to each other’s cultures and ways of life and common elements should be stressed upon. These will create an atmosphere of goodwill and mutual understanding. Media cut through all language barriers and reach the masses in no time whose potential is tremendous. 27. Political and Administrative Measures. Since India is a federal-democratic country, its integration in all respects should also be done in a democratic manner. Each ethnic, caste, tribal, religious and linguistic group should have freedom for protecting and promoting their own cultures and traditions. Analysing the process of national integration in India, Prof. Rasheed-ud-din Khan has  24 observed that “it means cohesion not fusion, unity but not uniformity, reconciliation but not merger, agglomeration but not assimilation, solidarity but not regimentation of the people constituting our political community”. Emotional integration with the development of a strong brotherhood among the people discourages the growth of separatism, regionalism or secessionism. Conclusion 28. We need national integration on permanent footing and this can be achieved by enlightening our children. All the children, during their formative years, must be taught that we all are Indians belonging to the one Motherland. We must not give too much importance to separate identities. Achieving national integration is a slow moving, continuous and long-term work in progress which needs to be understood, encouraged and practiced by every citizen of the country especially the youth. SUMMARY 1. In India, various issues/ factors are obstructing the growth of national feeling, viz. casteism, communalism, linguistic fanaticism, social disparity, economic inequalities and immorality, regionalism etc. In spite of all these limitations, India has developed into one nation by the influence of common territory, common history and common fight for freedom against the foreign rule. Some of the factors chiefly responsible for weakening the National Integration are as follows: - (a) Cultural Aspects. (b) Political Motives (c) Lack of Education. (d) Communalism. (e ) Casteism (f) Regionalism (g) Linguistic Fanaticism. (h) Social Disparity. (j) Economic Inequalities (k) Ethnic Conflicts. (l) Tribal Identity (m) Corruption and Lack of Character. 2. Measures to Achieve National Integration. Some measures to achieve National Integration are listed below: - (a) Philosophy of Integration (b) Culture as a Unifying Factor. (c) Promotion of Secularism. (d) Role of Politics. (e) Economic Unity. (f) Dignity of Individuals (g) Socio-Economic Reforms (h) Education. (j) Emotional Unity. (k) National Language. (l) Nationalism and Pa