BSHM-50 Finals Pointers PDF

CHAPTER 1 POSITIVE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY Income- The tourism and hospitality industry generates income within a destination country National Income - the sum of all income in a country. The most common method for estimating the income generated from tourism and hospit...

CHAPTER 1 POSITIVE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY Income- The tourism and hospitality industry generates income within a destination country National Income - the sum of all income in a country. The most common method for estimating the income generated from tourism and hospitality is by determining the multiplier for a destination. The total revenue of a country is referred Multipliers- are means of estimating how much extra income is produced in an economy as a result of the initial spending or injection of cash Employment- In general, the tourist industry offers more employment opportunities than other economic sectors. 1. Direct employment-is generated as a result of providing goods and services directly to tourist. 2. Indirect employment- consists of those positions that are associated with other tourism-related activities but are used by both the local resident and the tourist. 3. Induced employment-refers to people working in positions only peripherally related to tourism and hospitality, but generated because of it Balance of Payments-is an accounting of flow of goods, services, and funds in and out of the country during a given period. Investment and Development- Once an area has become economically successful, businessmen and government agencies may be influenced to invest in tourism and hospitality and other industries in that area. This is known by economists as an accelerator concept SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE IMPACTS Inflation and Land Values- Tourism can drive up prices for goods and services, making them less affordable for local residents. Increased demand for land raises property values, benefiting some but creating financial burdens for others. Economic Leakages- Developing countries often face losses as they import goods, services, and technology to support tourism. Profits and wages may also flow back to foreign investors, reducing local economic gains Seasonality-Many tourist regions experience low returns on investment because of seasonal fluctuations in demand. The seasonality of demand is reflected in hotel occupancy rates. Many hotels experience greatly reduced revenues during the off season. Nevertheless, most hotels prefer to remain open all year round to secure as much revenue as possible. Accommodation investments are not the only ones with a low rate of return; tour operators also face similar problems. Overdependence on Tourism and Hospitality- some destinations have made themselves vulnerable to changes in tourist demand by becoming overdependent on tourism and hospitality for their livelihood. Tourism is highly susceptible to changes from within and outside the industry. CLASSIFICATIONS OF CLASSIFICATIONS OF TOURISTS/VISITORS 1. Explorer - This type of visitor is interested in being an active participant observer among the population. 2. Elite - Also known as the “jet-setter” are a type of tourist who is few in number. He can afford to pay well for unusual vacations. His arrangements are either made by a travel agent or maybe pre planned. 3. Offbeat - This tourist adapts well to simple accommodations and services provided for the occasional guest. 4. Unusual Tourist- This tourist loves sub-exotic cultural sites, and unusual or primitive sites as long as he can quickly and safely return to more familiar surroundings and groups. 5. Incipient Mass Tourist- This is a visitor who looks for the amenities of Western societies in hotels and other travel-related facilities. He is a mixture of both a pleasure seeker and a business traveler. 6. Mass Tourist - He comes from the middle class. He arrives at a destination with other tourists. There is a diversity of tastes among them and their attitude is "You get what you pay for". 7. Charter Tourist - The charter tourist comes "en masse" with others of his kind creating an extremely high amount of business and receiving a high degree of standardization in services and products. NEGATIVE SOCIAL EFFECTS OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY Changes in the Social Structure, Behavior, and Roles - Tourism and hospitality change the traditional forms of employment which results in the lowering of the status of agricultural workers, migration of the population, and the breaking up of families. Community Problems - Prostitution and criminal activities. Negative Demonstrative Effect - Consists of tourist behaviors that can be considered socially and economically inappropriate. IMPACTS OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY ON CULTURE Acculturation- Defined as the occurrence of change in a culture, acculturation is an event where a culture adopts other cultures' practices, technology, language and values Cultural Convergence - Acculturation Defined as the occurrence of change in a culture, acculturation is an event where a culture adopts other cultures' practices, technology, language and values. It happens when cultures become more alike. Both are inherently different but is similar in some ways due to their constant exposure with each other. POSITIVE EFFECTS OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY ON CULTURE Intercultural Communication -helps promote a better unity and understanding among different cultures, nationalities and social groups. This also promotes a better understanding between tourists and the hosts POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY\ Conservation and preservation of the environment- not only benefit the local area but they also determine the future of tourism and hospitality. Development of Attractions-Several countries around the world are identifying areas which have the potential to attract tourists NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY Environmental Conflicts - Some of the problems affecting the quality of the environment are destruction of the vegetation, pollution, and the destruction of wildlife. Geological Conflicts - Tourism and hospitality affects geological formations. Some tourists collect minerals, rocks, fossils, and corals from tourist attractions; others destroy natural formations by vandalizing. Resident Conflicts - Conflict between tourists and the local residents may also arise because of damage to the area brought about by littering, vandalism, and traffic congestion CHAPTER 2 Sustainable tourism- aims to minimize the negative impacts of tourism while maximizing the positive benefits for local communities, the environment, and cultural heritage. IMPORTANCE OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM 1.Preserves Natural Resources 2. Empowers Communities 3. Promotes Long Term Benefits Responsible Tourism- refers to the responsibility that both visitors and hosts take to ensure this sustainability is addressed and maintained. A responsible tourist will make decisions based on what is best for the local communities in the long term, making sure that the actions based on those decisions have a positive impact on those communities EXAMPLES OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM Ecotourism- this type of tourism involves visiting natural areas while ensuring minimal impact on the environment. It promotes conservation, sustainable use, and community involvement Cultural tourism- involves visiting sites of historical, cultural, or religious significance while promoting the preservation of the cultural heritage. It also involves supporting local communities through the promotion of their traditional practices Community-based tourism- This type of tourism involves working with local communities to develop tourism activities that benefit them economically while preserving their way of life and culture. Sustainable Accommodation-Hotels, lodges, and other accommodation facilities that have been designed with sustainability in mind can help to reduce their carbon footprint and promote environmental protection. Responsible Wildlife- That is conducted in a responsible and ethical manner can help to conserve wildlife and their habitats while supporting local communities. Sustainable Transportation- Using public transport, cycling, or walking instead of driving can help to reduce the carbon footprint of tourism. Volunteer Tourism - involves participating in activities that benefit local communities and the environment, such as conservation work, teaching, or community development Responsible Tourism- "making better places for people to live in and better places for people to visit." WAYS TO PRACTICE RESPONSIBLE TOURISM Learn about the local culture Respect historical sites Engage with the community Minimize your carbon footprint Avoid peak tourist seasons Characteristics Of Sustainable- its focus on environmental conservation, cultural preservation, and economic benefits for local communities. PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM Using Resources Sustainably- The conservation and sustainable use of resources- natural, social and cultural –is crucial and makes long-term business sense Reducing Over-consumption and Waste- Reduction of over-consumption and waste avoids the costs of restoring long-term environmental damage and contributes to the quality of tourism Maintaining Biodiversity- Maintaining and promoting natural, social and cultural diversity is essential for long- term sustainable tourism and creates a resilient base for the industry Integrating Tourism into Planning- Tourism development which is integrated into a national and local strategic planning framework and which undertake environmental impact assessments increases the long-term viability of tourism Supporting Local economies- Tourism that supports a wide range of local economic activities and which takes environmental costs and values into account, both protects these economies and avoids environmental damage. Involving Local Communities- The full involvement of local communities in the tourism sector not only benefits them and the environment in general but also improves the quality of the tourism experience Consulting Stakeholders and the Public- Consulting between the tourism industry and local communities, organizations and institutions are essential if they are to work alongside each other and resolve potential conflicts of interest. Training Staff- Staff training which integrates sustainable tourism into work practices, along with recruitment of personnel at all levels, improves the quality of the tourism product. Marketing Tourism Responsibly- Marketing that provides tourists with the full and responsible information increases respect for the natural, social and cultural environments of destination areas and enhances customer satisfaction. Undertaking Research- Ongoing research and monitoring by the industry using effective data collection and analysis are essential to help solve problems and to bring benefits to destinations, the industry, and consumers. Chapter 3 IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY AND SECURITY IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY Safety-encompasses physical well-being, health, hygiene, emergency preparedness and accident prevention Security -refers to personal safety, asset protection, data privacy and crisis management SAFETY AND SECURITY RISK AND CONCERN IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY Balancing Security with Customer Experience- One of the primary challenges in hospitality security is maintaining a balance between effective security measures and providing a welcoming environment for guests Dealing with Diverse Threats- The hospitality industry faces a wide range of security threats, from theft and vandalism to terrorism and cyber-attacks. Managing High Guest Turnover- Hotels and resorts experience high turnover rates, with guests constantly arriving and departing. Protecting Guest Privacy and Data- With the increasing use of digital technology in the hospitality industry, protecting guest privacy and data has become a significant concern Training Staff for Security Awareness- Employees should be trained to recognize and respond to security threats, understand emergency procedures, and provide assistance to guests during security incidents. Physical Security Measure- Implementing physical security measures, such as surveillance cameras, secure locks, and access control systems, is vital for deterring and detecting criminal activity Emergency Preparedness and Response- Hotels and resorts must be prepared for emergencies, including natural disasters, fires, and medical crises Addressing the Unique Challenges of Each Property- Each property in the hospitality industry has unique security challenges based on its location, size, and guest demographics. SAFETY AND SECURITY RISK AND CONCERN IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY Crime and thief Health and Medical Risks Transpotation Accidents Environmental Hazards Cultural Sensitivities and Laws Natural Disaster- LEGAL AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY I. Licenses and Permits- This is the basic level of compliance. Each rules wi l have its own requirements in operating a hospitality enterprise. II. Health and Safety Regulations- A very important consideration here is the provision of a safe and sanitary environment. III. Employment law- Hospitality industries are big time employers; laws related to their employment need special attention in this regard. IV. Consumer Protection-Laws Hospitality regulations focus on the protection of consumers in several ways V. Environmental Regulation -are also becoming very critical VI. Tax Regulations- The hospitality industry is subject to various taxes, including: - Sales Tax - Payro l Tax - Property Tax AIRPORT SECURITY SCREENING Airport Safety- encompasses measures to prevent accidents, injuries and fatalities within airport boundaries Food Safety -for tourism encompasses guidelines and practices to prevent foodborne illnesses among travelers. DEPARTMENTS The Department of National Defense (DND Kagawaran ng Tanggulang Pambansa (KTP) Formally established on November 1, 1939. Created by Executive Order No. 230 of President Manuel L. Quezon to implement Commonwealth Act No. 340. The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas Established on December 21, 1935 through the National Defense Act, which was championed by President Manuel L. Quezon. The Office of Civil Defense (OCD) Tanggapan ng Tánggulang Sibil (TTS) Established on December 31, 1972. The OCD’s mission is to ensure the safety and welfare of the people during emergencies or disasters Philippine Veterans Affairs Office (PVAO) Tanggapan para sa Kapakanan ng mga Beteranong Pilipino Established on October 18, 1946 under Republic Act No. 65 created the Philippine Veterans Board in the Department of National Defense National Defense College of the Philippines (NDCP) Dalubhasaan ng Tanggulang Pambansa ng Pilipinas Established on August 12, 1963 NDCP is a government agency that aims to prepare leaders for national security and defense, and to conduct research and studies to improve national security policy.