Book 1.0 Encapsulation & Modulation PDF

Book 1.0 Encapsulation & Modulation Steps of encapsulation 1 > User info converted to data transmitted on network. 2 > Data converted to segments, reliable connection is setup between transmitting/receiving hosts. 3 > Segments converted to packets/datagrams, logical address placed in header, enable...

Book 1.0 Encapsulation & Modulation Steps of encapsulation 1 > User info converted to data transmitted on network. 2 > Data converted to segments, reliable connection is setup between transmitting/receiving hosts. 3 > Segments converted to packets/datagrams, logical address placed in header, enable each packet to be routed. 4 >Packets/datagrams converted to frames from transmission. Ethernet addresses used to identify host on local network segment, frame carry packets. 5 > Frames converted to bits, digital encoding/clockinh scheme is used. Modulation techniques Modulation process, varying one/more wave form properties called carrier signal, contains info to be transmitted. Modulation of waveform transforms baseband message signal into Passband Passband > Range of frequencies/wavelength that can pass through a filter without attenuation. Modulator > Digital modulation transfer digital bit stream over analog bandpass channel. Analog/digital modulation uses FDM"Frequency-division multiplexing" several low pass info signals are transferred simultaneously over shared physical network. Digital Baseband Modulation > Line coding, transfer digital bit stream over baseband channel, baseband signal being modulated uses all available bandwidth. TDM > "Time division multiplexing" transmit.receives many independent signal over common signal path, uses sync network devices at each end of transmission line, each signal appears on line only at alternating pattern in fraction of time delay. Encapsulation> Transmitted data is wrapped with protocols information at each layer on OSI. Each layer uses protocol data unit "PDU", PDU hold control info attached to data at each layer of OSI, attached to data at each layer of OSI, attached to header in front of data field, also can be in trailer.