Podcast
Questions and Answers
What component is used to identify a host on a local network segment?
What component is used to identify a host on a local network segment?
- Packet
- Segment
- Datagram
- Frame (correct)
Modulation techniques only apply to analog signals.
Modulation techniques only apply to analog signals.
False (B)
What must be established between the transmitting and receiving hosts during the encapsulation process?
What must be established between the transmitting and receiving hosts during the encapsulation process?
Reliable connection
In encapsulation, data is wrapped with protocol information at each layer of the _______.
In encapsulation, data is wrapped with protocol information at each layer of the _______.
Match the following modulation techniques with their descriptions:
Match the following modulation techniques with their descriptions:
Which of the following best describes 'Passband'?
Which of the following best describes 'Passband'?
Each layer in the OSI model uses a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) to hold control information.
Each layer in the OSI model uses a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) to hold control information.
During which step are segments converted into packets?
During which step are segments converted into packets?
The process of varying waveform properties to transmit information is called ______.
The process of varying waveform properties to transmit information is called ______.
Which type of multiplexing allows for multiple signals to appear on a line only at alternating patterns?
Which type of multiplexing allows for multiple signals to appear on a line only at alternating patterns?
Flashcards
Data Encapsulation
Data Encapsulation
The process of converting user information into data that can be transmitted over a network.
Segmentation
Segmentation
Breaking data into smaller units called segments to ensure reliable transmission between sending and receiving devices.
Packet Formation
Packet Formation
Adding a logical address to each segment, allowing packets to be routed across the network.
Frame Formation
Frame Formation
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Bit Conversion
Bit Conversion
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Modulation
Modulation
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Passband
Passband
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Modulator
Modulator
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Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM)
Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM)
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Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM)
Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM)
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Study Notes
Encapsulation & Modulation
- Encapsulation Steps:
- User information is converted into data for transmission.
- Data is converted into segments for reliable communication between devices.
- Segments are converted into packets/datagrams for routing, with logical addresses in headers.
- Packets/datagrams are transformed into frames using transmission protocols like Ethernet. Ethernet addresses identify devices in a network.
- Frames are ultimately converted into bits using digital encoding and timing schemes.
Modulation Techniques
- Modulation: A process which alters the properties of a carrier wave to convey information.
- Carrier Signal: The wave form modified to carry the information.
- Passband: The range of frequencies or wavelengths that can pass through a filter without attenuation.
- Baseband: Signals or frequencies that don't require modulation.
- Analog/Digital Modulation: Transferring a digital bit stream onto an analog carrier wave for transmission over wider bandwidth channels.
Digital Baseband Modulation
- Baseband: The signal that uses the full available bandwidth without modulation.
- Line Coding: Processes that encode data into different waveforms over a baseband channel.
- Time Division Multiplexing (TDM): Transmitting diverse signals on a single line through time allocation.
Encapsulation
- Protocols: Layers (protocols) add control information to data at each layer in a structured approach in the OSI model.
- Protocol Data Unit (PDU): Specific information blocks added by each layer. The PDUs are contained within each other to form a hierarchical structure of data. Headers and trailers are added by layers and removed by layers in the opposite order, during transmission and reception respectively.
- OSI Model: A conceptual model that illustrates how different network protocols interact.
Decapsulation
- De-encapsulation: The process of removing headers and trailers added during encapsulation in the reverse order.
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