boo paper 19.docx

10. Identify threats to information security. There are several threats to information security, including: 1. Malware: Malware is a type of software designed to harm or exploit any device or network. It can take the form of viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, etc. 2. Phishing: Phishing is the pra...

10. Identify threats to information security. There are several threats to information security, including: 1. Malware: Malware is a type of software designed to harm or exploit any device or network. It can take the form of viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, etc. 2. Phishing: Phishing is the practice of sending fraudulent emails or messages that appear to be from a trusted source, with the intention of tricking the recipient into revealing sensitive information such as login credentials or credit card details. 3. Social engineering: Social engineering is a technique used to manipulate individuals into divulging sensitive information or performing actions that are not in their best interest. 4. Insider threats: Insider threats refer to the risk that a company's employees or contractors may intentionally or unintentionally cause harm to the organization's information security. 5. Physical threats: Physical threats include theft, vandalism, and natural disasters that can cause damage to equipment and data centers. 6. Advanced persistent threats (APTs): APTs are targeted attacks on an organization's network, designed to gain access to sensitive information over an extended period of time. APTs are usually carried out by sophisticated threat actors such as nation-states or organized crime groups. It's important to be aware of these threats and take appropriate measures to protect your information and data. 11. Explain Internet of things (IoT) devices. Internet of Things (IoT) devices are physical objects that are embedded with sensors, software, and network connectivity, allowing them to collect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet. These devices can range from smart home appliances like thermostats, security systems, and lighting fixtures, to wearable fitness trackers, medical devices, and even industrial machinery. The data collected by these devices can help individuals and businesses make better decisions, improve efficiency, and automate tasks. However, the proliferation of IoT devices has also raised concerns about privacy and security, as many of these devices can collect sensitive personal information and are potentially vulnerable to cyber attacks. 12. Define vulnerability. In nursing informatics, vulnerability refers to the susceptibility of a system or network to unauthorized access, malicious attacks, or unintended failures that can compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of patient data and other sensitive information. Vulnerabilities can arise from various sources, such as software bugs, misconfigured settings, human errors, and social engineering tactics. Identifying, assessing, and mitigating vulnerabilities is a critical aspect of nursing informatics to ensure the security and privacy of patients' health information and maintain the trust of healthcare stakeholders. 13. Explain the purpose of the HIPAA Privacy Rule. The purpose of the HIPAA Privacy Rule is to protect individuals' medical records and other personal health information, and to ensure that healthcare providers and insurance companies appropriately safeguard this information. The rule sets standards for how healthcare providers, health plans, and healthcare clearinghouses must protect the privacy of individuals' health information, and it also gives individuals certain rights with respect to their health information. This includes the right to access their health information, to request that their information be amended or corrected if it is inaccurate or incomplete, and to be informed of how their information is being used and disclosed. Overall, the HIPAA Privacy Rule is designed to give individuals greater control over their health information and to promote greater transparency and accountability in the healthcare industry. 14. Explain the purpose of the HIPAA Security Rule. Information Security Risks The purpose of the HIPAA Security Rule is to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of electronic protected health information (ePHI) that is created, received, maintained or transmitted by covered entities. The Security Rule requires covered entities to implement administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of ePHI. The Security Rule also requires covered entities to conduct risk assessments to identify and address potential information security risks to ePHI, and to implement reasonable and appropriate measures to manage those risks. This helps to ensure that patient health information remains private and secure, and reduces the risk of potential data breaches or other security incidents. 1. Complete the table below. Characteristics of Malicious Programs Program Type Some of the common types of malware include viruses, worms, Trojan horses, logic bombs, and rootkits. These programs can cause harm and damage to computer systems and networks. Viruses, for example, require normal computer operations to spread and may or may not disrupt operations or damage data. Worms, on the other hand, can spread themselves over networks without any human intervention. Trojan horses often disguise themselves as legitimate programs but can perform malicious actions when executed. Logic bombs are designed to activate when specific conditions are met, while rootkits are used to gain unauthorized access to a system and hide malicious activity. It's important to have proper security measures in place to prevent and detect malware infections. 2. List several ways to avoid malicious software. 1. Install a reputable antivirus software and keep it up to date. 2. Use a firewall to block unauthorized access to your computer. 3. Use strong passwords and change them regularly. 4. Be cautious when downloading files or clicking on links from unknown sources. 5. Keep your operating system and software up to date with the latest security patches. 6. Disable or limit browser plugins or add-ons that you don't need. 7. Avoid using public Wi-Fi for sensitive transactions or use a VPN to encrypt your traffic. 8. Use caution when opening email attachments or clicking on links in emails, even if they appear to be from a trusted source. 9. Back up your important data regularly to avoid losing it to malware or ransomware attacks. 10. Educate yourself and your family members about safe online practices and how to recognize potential threats 3. Complete the table below. Threats to Information Systems Type of Threat Threats to information systems can come in various forms, including cybercrime. Cybercrime involves the use of computers, networks, and the internet to commit illegal activities. This type of threat is often carried out by opportunists, hackers, computer or information specialists, unauthorized users, and overprivileged users. Opportunists are individuals who take advantage of security vulnerabilities in information systems to gain unauthorized access to data. They may not have much technical knowledge but use simple methods to exploit weaknesses in the system. Hackers are more technically skilled and use advanced techniques to gain unauthorized access to information systems. They may have malicious intent and can cause significant damage to the system. Computer or information specialists are individuals with a deep understanding of computer systems and networks. They may exploit their knowledge to gain unauthorized access to systems for personal gain or to cause harm. Unauthorized users are individuals who do not have legitimate access to an information system. They may try to gain access by guessing passwords or exploiting security vulnerabilities. Overprivileged users are individuals who have legitimate access to an information system but have been granted more access than necessary for their job role. They may use their access to carry out malicious activities or unintentionally cause harm to the system. Overall, it's important to be aware of these types of threats to information systems and take steps to prevent them from occurring. From whom do the greatest threats to information systems originate? The greatest threats to information systems in healthcare generally originate from external sources such as hackers, cybercriminals, and other malicious actors who seek to gain access to sensitive patient information for financial gain or other nefarious purposes. However, it's important to note that internal threats, such as employee errors or intentional data breaches, can also pose a significant risk to information systems in healthcare. Therefore, it's crucial for healthcare organizations to implement strong security measures and regularly train their employees on best practices for protecting patient data. Define sabotage. Sabotage in healthcare information systems refers to any intentional or unintentional act that disrupts the normal functioning of the system or causes harm to the data within the system. This can include actions such as deleting or altering important data, introducing viruses or malware, or intentionally damaging hardware or software components of the system. Sabotage can be carried out by internal or external actors, and can have serious consequences for patient care and safety. Therefore, it is important to maintain strict security protocols and access controls to prevent sabotage in healthcare information systems. Differentiate between physical and logical security. Physical security and logical security are two different aspects of healthcare system security. Physical security refers to the measures taken to protect the physical infrastructure and equipment of the healthcare system, such as servers, medical devices, and data centers. This includes physical barriers like locks, biometric access controls, video surveillance, and security guards. On the other hand, logical security refers to the measures taken to protect the digital assets of the healthcare system, such as electronic health records, patient data, and other sensitive information. This includes firewalls, encryption, access controls, intrusion detection systems, and other security software and protocols. Both physical and logical security are important for ensuring the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of healthcare data and systems. It's essential to have a comprehensive security plan that addresses both types of security risks. List 3 examples of physical security measures used in your place of employment: 1. Security cameras: Hospitals use security cameras to monitor and record activities in various areas of the hospital, such as entrances, exits, hallways, and patient rooms. This helps to deter potential intruders and also helps with investigations in case of any security breaches. 2. Access control systems: Hospitals use access control systems to restrict access to certain areas of the hospital, such as operating rooms, pharmacy, and data centers. These systems use keycards, biometric scanners, or PIN codes to grant or deny access to authorized personnel only. 3. Panic buttons: Panic buttons are used by hospital staff to alert security personnel in case of an emergency situation, such as a violent patient, a fire, or a medical emergency. These buttons are strategically placed in areas where staff members are likely to encounter such situations, such as in patient rooms, emergency departments, and psychiatric units. 9. List 3 examples of logical security measures used in your place of employment: 1. Access Control: Hospitals use access control mechanisms such as smart cards, biometric identification, and passwords to control access to sensitive areas and information systems. 2. Firewalls: Hospitals also use firewalls to protect their networks from unauthorized access by external parties. Firewalls monitor incoming and outgoing traffic and prevent malicious traffic from entering the network. 3. Encryption: Encryption is another logical security measure used in hospitals to protect patient data from unauthorized access. Encryption converts data into a code that can only be deciphered with a unique key, making it difficult for unauthorized parties to access the data. 10. Describe the benefits of biometric identification. Biometric identification has several benefits over traditional methods of identification such as passwords or PINs. Firstly, biometric identification is more secure as it uses unique physical characteristics of an individual such as fingerprints, facial recognition, or iris scans. These characteristics cannot be easily replicated or stolen, making it difficult for someone to fraudulently access sensitive information. Secondly, biometric identification is more convenient as there is no need to remember passwords or carry identification documents. The biometric information is stored on a database and can be quickly and easily accessed by authorized personnel. Lastly, biometric identification can improve efficiency and accuracy in various industries such as healthcare, finance, and law enforcement. It can speed up processes such as patient identification, financial transactions, and criminal identification, thereby saving time and reducing errors.