Bones of the Lower Limb PDF

C o ll e g e o f M e d ic i n e – ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ Dr. Mohammed Abuelnor ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ C o ll e g e o f M e At the end of the lecture the students should be able d ic to: n i Classify the bones of the three regions of the lower limb e (thigh, leg and foot). – ‫ك‬...

C o ll e g e o f M e d ic i n e – ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ Dr. Mohammed Abuelnor ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ C o ll e g e o f M e At the end of the lecture the students should be able d ic to: n i Classify the bones of the three regions of the lower limb e (thigh, leg and foot). – ‫ك‬ Memorize the main features of the ‫◦ل‬ Bones of the thigh (femur & patella) ‫◦ية‬ Bones of the leg (tibia & Fibula). ‫◦ا‬ Bones of the foot (tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges) ‫ ل‬ Recognize the side of the bone ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ C o ll e g e o f M Femur: e Articulates above with d ic acetabulum of hip bone to form the hip joint. Loading… i n e Articulates below with – ‫ك‬ tibia and patella to form ‫ل‬ the knee joint. ‫ية‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬  Femur : Consists of : dicine – ‫كلية الطب‬ Upper end Shaft Lower end Anterior View Posterior view C o ll e g e o f Head : M It articulates with acetabulum e to form hip joint. d ic Has a depression in the center (fovea capitis), for the Loading… i n attachment of ligament of the e head of femur. – ‫ك‬ Obturator artery passes along ‫ل‬ this ligament to supply head of femur. ‫ية‬ ‫ا‬ Neck : ‫ل‬ It connects head to the shaft. ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬  Greater & lesser trochanters : Anteriorly, connecting the 2 trochanters, the inter-trochanteric dicine – ‫كلية الطب‬ line, Posteriorly, the inter- trochanteric crest, on which is the quadrate tubercle C o ll e g e o It has 3 surfaces f Anterior M e Medial d ic Lateral i n It has 3 borders e Two rounded medial – ‫ك‬ and lateral ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ ‫ا‬ One thick posterior ‫ل‬ border or ridge called ‫ط‬ linea aspera ‫ب‬ Anterior view Posterior view  Anteriorly : is smooth and rounded. Posteriorly : has a ridge, the linea aspera. Posteriorly : below the greater trochanter is the gluteal tuberosity. The medial margin of linea dicine – ‫كلية الطب‬ aspera M continues below as medial supracondylar ridge. The lateral margin L M continues below with the L lateral supracondylar ridge. A Triangular area, the popliteal surface lies at the lower end of shaft. C o ll e g e Anteri Posteri Has lateral and medial or or o condyles, separated M f anteriorly by articular e patellar surface, and d ic posteriorly by i intercondylar notch or n e fossa. – The 2 condyles take ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ part in the knee joint. ‫ية‬ Above the condyles are ‫ا‬ the medial & lateral ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ epicondyles. ‫ب‬  It is a largest sesamoid bone (lying inside the Quadriceps tendon in front of knee joint). Its anterior surface is rough and subcutaneous. dicine – ‫كلية الطب‬ Its posterior surface articulates with the condyles of the femur to form knee joint. give attachment to Quadriceps femoris muscles. C o ll e g o e Head is directed M f upward & Medially. d e Shaft is smooth and ic convex anteriorly. Loading… i n – e Shaft is rough and ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ concave ‫ية‬ posteriorly. ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬  Tibia : It is the medial bone of leg. Fibula : dicine – ‫كلية الطب‬ It is the lateral bone of leg. Each of them has upper end, shaft, and lower end. C o ll e g e Upper end has: o 2 tibial condyles: f M Medial condyle : is larger and e articulate with medial condyle of d femur. ic i n Lateral condyle : is smaller and e articulates with lateral condyle of – femur. It ‫ك‬ has facet on its lateral side for ‫ل‬ articulation with head of fibula to ‫ية‬ form proximal tibio-fibular ‫ا‬ joint. ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ Intercondylar area : ‫ب‬ is rough and has intercondylar eminence.  Shaft has: Tibial tuberosity : gives attachment to ligamentum patellae. 3 borders : Anterior boder : sharp and subcutaneous. dicine – ‫كلية الطب‬ Medial border. Lateral border interosseous border. 3 surfaces : Medial : subcutaneous. Lateral Posterior has oblique line, soleal line for attachment of soleus muscle C o ll e g e Lowe end: o f Articulates with talus for M formation of ankle joint. e d Medial malleolus: ic i ◦ Its medial surface is n subcutaneous. e – Fibular notch: lies on its ‫ك‬ lateral surface of lower end to ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ form distal tibiofibular joint. ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬  Upper end is larger than lower end. Medial malleolus is directed downward and dicine – ‫كلية الطب‬ medially. Shaft has sharp anterior border. C o ll e g e It is the selender lateral o f bone of the leg. M e It takes no part in d articulation of knee ic i joint. n Its upper end has : e – Head : articulates with ‫ك‬ lateral condyle of tibia. ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ Styloid process. ‫ا‬ Neck. ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬  Shaft has : 3 borders : its medial ‘interoseous border gives attachment to interosseous membrane. 3 surfaces. dicine – ‫كلية الطب‬ Lower end forms : Lateral malleolus : is subcutaneous. Its medial surface is smooth for articulation with talus to form ankle joint. C o ll e g e o f 7 Tarsal bones:. They are : M 1. Calcaneum. e d 2. Talus. ic 3. Navicular. i 4. Cuboid. n e 5. 3 cuneiform bones. – Only Talus articulates with ‫ك‬ tibia & fibula at ankle joint. ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ Calcaneum: the largest bone of foot, forming the heel. ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬  5 Metatarsal bones: They are numbered from medial (big toe) to lateral. 1st metatarsal bone is large and lies medially. 1 2 Each metatarsal bone has 3 a base (proximal). a shaft dicine – ‫كلية الطب‬ 4 5 and a head (distal). 14 phalanges: 2 phalanges for big toe (proximal & distal) 3 phalanges for each of the lateral 4 toes (proximal, middle & distal) Each phalanx has base, shaft and a head. C o ll e g e o f Gray's Anatomy for Students- Second edition. M e d Clinically Oriented Anatomy , Keith L. Moore- Sixth ic i edition. n e – ‫ك‬ Netter’s Clinical Anatomy, Second edition. ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ 0