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Questions and Answers
What is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body?
What is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body?
Where is the largest sesamoid bone situated?
Where is the largest sesamoid bone situated?
What distinguishes the anterior surface of the largest sesamoid bone?
What distinguishes the anterior surface of the largest sesamoid bone?
Which joint is associated with the largest sesamoid bone?
Which joint is associated with the largest sesamoid bone?
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Which of the following statements about the largest sesamoid bone is true?
Which of the following statements about the largest sesamoid bone is true?
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What characteristic is associated with the anterior border?
What characteristic is associated with the anterior border?
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Which border is mentioned as medial?
Which border is mentioned as medial?
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Which feature is NOT associated with the borders mentioned?
Which feature is NOT associated with the borders mentioned?
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What type of border is described as 'sharp'?
What type of border is described as 'sharp'?
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Which border is indicated as having an interosseous aspect?
Which border is indicated as having an interosseous aspect?
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Which bones are included in the structure of the foot?
Which bones are included in the structure of the foot?
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What joint is formed by the articulation of the femur and acetabulum?
What joint is formed by the articulation of the femur and acetabulum?
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Which of the following correctly describes the femur's location?
Which of the following correctly describes the femur's location?
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What is the function of the bones in the foot?
What is the function of the bones in the foot?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of bone found in the foot?
Which of the following is NOT a type of bone found in the foot?
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What is the general direction of the head of the quadriceps femoris muscles?
What is the general direction of the head of the quadriceps femoris muscles?
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Which of the following accurately describes the shaft of the quadriceps femoris muscles?
Which of the following accurately describes the shaft of the quadriceps femoris muscles?
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Which statement is true about the quadriceps femoris muscle's attachment?
Which statement is true about the quadriceps femoris muscle's attachment?
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What is a characteristic feature of the quadriceps femoris muscle shaft?
What is a characteristic feature of the quadriceps femoris muscle shaft?
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Which option describes the anatomical orientation of the quadriceps femoris' head?
Which option describes the anatomical orientation of the quadriceps femoris' head?
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What is the orientation of the medial malleolus?
What is the orientation of the medial malleolus?
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Which statement correctly describes the relationship between the upper and lower ends?
Which statement correctly describes the relationship between the upper and lower ends?
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What anatomical feature is specifically directed downward?
What anatomical feature is specifically directed downward?
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In anatomical terms, what does 'medially' refer to?
In anatomical terms, what does 'medially' refer to?
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Which of the following correctly characterizes the orientation of both malleoli?
Which of the following correctly characterizes the orientation of both malleoli?
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What structure at the upper end of the bone articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia?
What structure at the upper end of the bone articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia?
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Which part is NOT located at the upper end of the bone?
Which part is NOT located at the upper end of the bone?
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Which structure helps to provide stability in the joint formed with the lateral condyle of the tibia?
Which structure helps to provide stability in the joint formed with the lateral condyle of the tibia?
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What is the role of the neck in relation to the head and lateral condyle of the tibia?
What is the role of the neck in relation to the head and lateral condyle of the tibia?
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Which of the following is primarily associated with the articulation to the lateral condyle of the tibia?
Which of the following is primarily associated with the articulation to the lateral condyle of the tibia?
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Study Notes
Bones of the Lower Limb
- The lower limb comprises three regions: thigh, leg, and foot
- Objectives for the lecture include classifying bones, memorising features, and identifying bone sides.
Bones of Thigh (Femur and Patella)
-
Femur:
- Articulates with hip bone to form hip joint
- Articulates below with tibia and patella to form knee joint
- Consists of upper end, shaft, and lower end
-
Patella:
- Largest sesamoid bone, located within the quadriceps tendon
- Anterior surface is rough and subcutaneous
- Posterior surface articulates with the femur condyles
- Gives attachment to quadriceps femoris muscles
Upper End of Femur
-
Head:
- Articulates with acetabulum to create hip joint
- Fovea capitis (depression) for ligament attachment
- Obturator artery supplies head of the femur
-
Neck:
- Connects head to the shaft
-
Greater & Lesser Trochanters:
- Anteriorly connect via intertrochanteric line
- Posteriorly connected by the intertrochanteric crest, containing the quadrate tubercle
Shaft of Femur
-
Surface:
- Three surfaces
-
Borders:
- Three borders
- Rounded medial and lateral borders
- Thick posterior border (linea aspera)
Lower End of Femur
-
Condyles:
- Lateral and medial
- Separated by intercondylar notch
- Take part in the knee joint
- Epicondyles (medial and lateral) above condyles
Patella
- Largest sesamoid bone within the quadriceps tendon, in front of the knee joint
- Anterior surface is rough and subcutaneous
- Posterior surface articulates with the femur condyles to form the knee joint
Position of Femur
- Head of the femur is directed upward and medially
- Shaft of the femur is smooth and convex anteriorly but rough and concave posteriorly
Bones of the Leg (Tibia and Fibula)
-
Tibia:
- Medial bone of the leg
- Has upper, lower ends, and a shaft
-
Fibula:
- Lateral bone of the leg
- Has upper, lower ends, and a shaft
Tibia
-
Upper end:
- Larger than the lower end
- Medial malleolus directed downward and medially
- Shaft with a sharp anterior border
-
Lower end:
- Articulates with talus to form ankle joint
- Medial malleolus's medial surface is subcutaneous
- Fibular notch on the lateral surface forming the distal tibiofibular joint
Fibula
- Slender lateral bone of the leg
- Does not participate in knee joint articulation
- Upper end has head articulating with the tibia's lateral condyle including the styloid process and neck
- Shaft has three borders, medial interosseous border attaching to interosseous membrane
- Lower end has lateral malleolus, which is subcutaneous
- Medial surface is smooth for articulation with the talus to form the ankle joint
Bones of the Foot
-
Tarsal Bones (7):
- Calcaneum (largest heel bone)
- Talus (articulates with tibia and fibula)
- Navicular
- Cuboid
- Three cuneiform bones
-
Metatarsal Bones (5):
- Numbered from medial (big toe) to lateral
- First one (medial) is large
- Each has a base, shaft, and head
-
Phalanges (14):
- Two for big toe (proximal and distal)
- Three for the other four toes (proximal, middle, and distal)
- Each has a base, shaft, and head
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Description
Test your knowledge on the bones of the lower limb, focusing on the thigh, leg, and foot. This quiz covers essential features, articulations, and classifications of the femur and patella. Challenge yourself to identify and memorize the key aspects of these crucial bones.
