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Questions and Answers
Which part of the long bone articulates with another bone to form a joint?
Which part of the long bone articulates with another bone to form a joint?
Yellow bone marrow is primarily responsible for producing blood cells.
Yellow bone marrow is primarily responsible for producing blood cells.
False
What are the two primary types of bone marrow?
What are the two primary types of bone marrow?
Yellow bone marrow and red bone marrow
The primary mineral stored in bone is __________.
The primary mineral stored in bone is __________.
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Match the following functions of bones with their descriptions:
Match the following functions of bones with their descriptions:
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What is the soft connective tissue inside most bones?
What is the soft connective tissue inside most bones?
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The metaphysis of a long bone is where adipocytes are primarily found.
The metaphysis of a long bone is where adipocytes are primarily found.
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What is the term used for the formation of blood cells?
What is the term used for the formation of blood cells?
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The ___________ is the hollow chamber within the diaphysis of a long bone.
The ___________ is the hollow chamber within the diaphysis of a long bone.
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Which of the following statements about bone functions is correct?
Which of the following statements about bone functions is correct?
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What type of bone is dense and tightly packed?
What type of bone is dense and tightly packed?
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Osteoclasts are responsible for forming new bone matrix.
Osteoclasts are responsible for forming new bone matrix.
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What are the two primary components of the bone matrix?
What are the two primary components of the bone matrix?
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The _____ are the mature bone cells formed from osteoblasts.
The _____ are the mature bone cells formed from osteoblasts.
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Match the bone cell type to its function:
Match the bone cell type to its function:
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What age group is primarily affected by Paget’s Disease?
What age group is primarily affected by Paget’s Disease?
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Spongy bone reduces the weight of bones due to its structure.
Spongy bone reduces the weight of bones due to its structure.
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What condition results from overactive osteoclasts?
What condition results from overactive osteoclasts?
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The primary symptoms of Paget's Disease can include _____ and frequent fractures.
The primary symptoms of Paget's Disease can include _____ and frequent fractures.
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Which type of bone is an example of spongy bone?
Which type of bone is an example of spongy bone?
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Which of the following bones are most commonly affected by Paget's disease?
Which of the following bones are most commonly affected by Paget's disease?
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Open fractures involve the bone remaining under the skin without breaking it.
Open fractures involve the bone remaining under the skin without breaking it.
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What is the primary difference between open reduction and closed reduction?
What is the primary difference between open reduction and closed reduction?
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Reduction involves manipulating the bone back into __________.
Reduction involves manipulating the bone back into __________.
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Match the type of fracture with its description:
Match the type of fracture with its description:
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What type of healing involves direct contact between broken bone ends?
What type of healing involves direct contact between broken bone ends?
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The pelvis is less likely to be affected by Paget's disease compared to the skull.
The pelvis is less likely to be affected by Paget's disease compared to the skull.
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Name one type of callous involved in bone healing.
Name one type of callous involved in bone healing.
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In __________ fractures, the bone remains aligned but is still within the skin.
In __________ fractures, the bone remains aligned but is still within the skin.
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What happens during indirect bone healing?
What happens during indirect bone healing?
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Study Notes
Bone Structure and Functions
- Bones protect internal organs, for example: the skull protects the brain, and the vertebral column protects the spinal cord.
- Bones store and release fat (yellow bone marrow).
- Bones produce blood cells (red bone marrow).
- Bones store and release minerals, including calcium and phosphorus.
- Bones facilitate movement by providing attachment points for muscles.
- Bones support the body, acting as a scaffolding.
Bone Marrow
- Bone marrow is connective tissue found inside most bones.
- Yellow bone marrow stores fat (adipocytes) in the form of triglycerides.
- Red bone marrow forms blood cells (hematopoiesis).
- Red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Parts of a Long Bone
- Epiphysis: The end of a long bone that articulates with another bone (forms a joint).
- Articular cartilage: Hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis.
- Metaphysis: The location of the epiphyseal plate (growth plate) within the intermediate area of a long bone.
- Diaphysis: The shaft of the long bone.
- Periosteum: The tough, vascular covering of the bone tissue.
- Medullary cavity: A hollow chamber located within the diaphysis containing bone marrow tissue.
Bone Classification
- Long bones: Cylinder-like and longer than they are wide (e.g., femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius, metacarpals, and phalanges).
- Short bones: Cube-like, with similar dimensions in length, width, and thickness (e.g., carpals and tarsals).
- Flat bones: Thin and curved (e.g., sternum, ribs, scapulae, and cranial bones).
- Irregular bones: Complex shape (e.g., vertebrae and facial bones).
- Sesamoid bones: Small, round bones embedded within tendons (e.g., patella).
Compact vs. Spongy Bone
- Compact bone: Dense, tightly packed tissue with a continuous extracellular matrix. Found in the diaphysis.
- Spongy bone: Irregular, thin bony plates with projections; highly developed to resist compressive forces, reducing bone weight. Found in the epiphysis.
Bone Matrix
- Osseous tissue (bone tissue) is connective tissue that supports the cells, called osteocytes, providing both structure and flexibility.
- The matrix is composed of collagen fibers (1/3) and calcium and phosphate salts (2/3).
- Collagen provides flexibility and framework for bone formation.
- Calcium and phosphate salts provide hardness and strength to bone.
Bone Cells
- Osteogenic cells: Stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts as needed.
- Osteoblasts: Build bone matrix by secreting the collagen matrix.
- Osteocytes: Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue.
- Osteoclasts: Resorb old bone tissue.
Paget's Disease
- A disorder of bone remodeling process.
- Patients usually over 40 years old.
- Overactive osteoclasts cause bones to be prone to fractures.
- Symptoms include bone deformities, pain, and frequent fractures.
Bone Fractures
- Open Fractures: The fractured bone breaks through the skin.
- Closed Fractures: The fractured bone is misaligned but remains within the skin.
- Reduction: Manipulating the bone back to its correct alignment.
- Open Reduction: Surgical procedure to reduce the bone.
- Closed Reduction: Non-surgical procedure to reduce the bone.
Fracture Repair
- Direct bone healing involves direct bone-to-bone contact.
- Indirect bone healing involves the formation of cartilaginous patches between the broken bones before regeneration begins.
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Description
Test your knowledge on bone structure and functions, including the roles of bones in protection, support, and blood cell production. This quiz covers key aspects of bone marrow and the anatomy of long bones. Perfect for biology students eager to learn more about the skeletal system.
