Midterm Exam Questions - PDF

## Question to Study for Midterm Exam ### 1. Explain the Difference Between Repair and Regeneration with One Example? - **Regeneration** - Restoration of original tissue architecture and function - Result of injury. These include the liver. - **Repair** - Replacement by connective tissue...

## Question to Study for Midterm Exam ### 1. Explain the Difference Between Repair and Regeneration with One Example? - **Regeneration** - Restoration of original tissue architecture and function - Result of injury. These include the liver. - **Repair** - Replacement by connective tissue (scarring) - There will be alterations in both architecture (stroma) and function (parenchyma) ### 2. Explain the Causes and Effects of Acute Localized Venous Congestion **Causes by:** - Thrombosis, ligature, strangulation, or twisting of the pedicle. **Effects:** 1. Rapid severe distention of the veins 2. Edema occurs rapidly in the tissues. 3. In intestine: infarction & gangrene may occur ### 3. Explain the Difference Between Exudate With Transudate? **Exudate** 1. Occurs in cases of inflammation 2. High protein content 3. Clots on standing (Present of fibrinogen) 4. Have inflammatory cells. **Transudate** 1. Caused by conditions other than inflammation 2. Low protein content. 3. Does not clot on standing. (no fibrinogen) 4. No inflammatory cells. ### 4. Name and Define the Two Types of Healing? - **First intention healing:** wounds with clean opposing edges (surgical incision) - **Second intention healing:** wounds with separated edges (requires more tissue for wound closure) ### 5. Define Complete Classification of Edema. **According to the site of edema:** 1. Localized edema 2. Generalized edema **According to consistency of edema:** 1. Pitting edema (Soft edema) 2. Non-Pitting edema (Hard edema). ### 6. Define Cardiac Edema Cardiac edema: Generalized edema caused by Right side heart failure. ### 7. Write the Difference Between Benign and Malignant Tumor? **Benign Tumors** - Small - Slow-growing - Non-invasive - Well-differentiated - Stay localized - Stay where they are - Can't invade or metastasize **Malignant** - Large - Fast-growing - Invasive - Poorly-differentiated - Metastasize - Infiltrate, invade, destroy surrounding tissue - Then metastasize to other parts of the body. ### 8. Write the Difference Between Dystrophic and Metastatic Calcification with One Example? - **Dystrophic calcification** is the deposition of calcium in dead tissues. - Example: damaged heart valves - **Metastatic calcification** is deposition of calcium salt in normal tissues. - Example: Vitamin-D intoxication