Blood Supply To Head & Neck Revision PDF

Blood supply to the head & neck  Arterial supply Arch of Aorta -...

Blood supply to the head & neck  Arterial supply Arch of Aorta - Left subclavian Brachiocephalic Left common carotid Left vertebral Right subclavian Right common carotid Left internal Left external carotid carotid Right vertebral Right external Right internal carotid carotid Right and left vertebral arteries supply blood to spinal cord & vertebral muscles. Common carotid arteries (Right & left) Supply head and neck in mirror image. Split into 2 main branches; internal and external carotid arteries. Internal carotid artery; Deep within the face, through carotid canal in base of skull and into cranial cavity. Supplies; brain, forehead and part of nose. External carotid artery; Supplies superficial areas of; neck, face, scalp, tongue and maxilla. Splits into 8 main branches; ‘‘She Always Likes Friends Over Papa Sister Mama’’ External carotid artery Superior Ascending Lingual Facial Occipital Posterior Superficial Maxillary thyroid pharyngeal auricular temporal Superior thyroid - Thyroid gland, some muscles of neck and larynx. Ascending pharyngeal - Pharynx, soft palate and prevertebral muscles. Lingual - Sublingual, dorsal & deep - Tongue, sublingual gland & buffalo and gingival mucous membranes. Lingual Sub-lingual Dorsal Deep Facial - Muscles and skin of face and submandibular gland. Occipital - Muscles in posterior neck, skin of neck and ear, scalp in occipital region. Posterior auricular - Muscles in posterior neck, skin and structures of the ear. Superficial temporal - Skin and muscles of the scalp, parotid gland and TMJ. Maxillary - Maxillofacial region; hard and soft tissues of maxillary, mandible, teeth, nasal cavity and deep facial areas. Maxillary Superior alveolar Inferior alveolar artery artery (Maxillary teeth) (Mandibular teeth) Anterior Middle Posterior Dental Mental Incisive branch artery branch  Venous drainage End point - all blood from head and neck drains here! Superior vena cava & Right brachiocephalic vein Left brachiocephalic vein Right subclavian Right internal jugular Left subclavian Left internal jugular Right external jugular Left external jugular Right Left vertebral vertebral veins veins Right and left vertebral veins drain blood from spinal cord & vertebral muscles. Internal and external jugular veins drain blood from brain, skull, oral cavity and superficial structures of face and neck. External jugular vein (Right & left) Counterpart for external carotid artery. Drains areas of face and neck with multiple branches. ‘‘PAST’’ Superficial temporal vein - Drains the scalp Maxillary vein - Drains palate, nasal cavity, sinuses and nasopharynx. Posterior auricular vein - Drains the skin from behind the ear. Transverse cervical and suprascapular veins - Drain muscles of the neck. Anterior jugular vein - Drains blood from anterior aspect of neck into posterior external jugular vein.  Subclavian vein External jugular vein Posterior external jugular vein Transverse Suprascapular Anterior cervical vein vein jugular vein Posterior Posterior retromandibular vein auricular vein Superficial Maxillary vein temporal vein Internal jugular vein (Right & left) Main elements; ‘‘Many Schools Let Confident People In’’ Subclavian vein Internal jugular vein Middle thyroid Superior thyroid Lingual Common facial Pharyngeal Inferior petrosal sinus Facial vein Anterior retromandibular vein Inferior petrosal sinus - Drains large parts of brain and inner ear, cochlear duct and meningeal veins. Common facial - Drains forehead, eyelids, outer surface of nose, lips, submental region, masseter, parotid gland and soft palate. Pterygoid venous plexus Small collection of veins around pterygoid muscle within infratemporal fossa. Forms maxillary vein; drains palate, nasal cavity, sinuses and nasopharynx. Clinical significance Infection can spread quickly through plexus and extend to skull - life threatening. Close to inferior dental block region - chance of damage and haematoma. Don’t want to administer anaesthetic into blood vessels.