Blood Plasma PDF

Blood plasma  identify composition of plasma Discuss plasma proteins and its function  Blood It is a fluid circulates in the blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart Physical Characters: 1: Color: o Reddish in color due to presence of hemoglobin. ▪ 5 Liters. In a...

Blood plasma  identify composition of plasma Discuss plasma proteins and its function  Blood It is a fluid circulates in the blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart Physical Characters: 1: Color: o Reddish in color due to presence of hemoglobin. ▪ 5 Liters. In adult male ▪ 450 ml in new born ▪ 4.5 liters in female 3: Specific Gravity: ▪ 1.055 (1.025 – 1.060) of whole blood. ▪ 1.090 of the cells. ▪ 1.032 of Plasma 4: pH: 7.4 (Slightly Alkaline). 5: Viscosity: is five times more viscous than water Composition of blood: Plasma 55% Cellular elements 45% Red blood corpuscles (erythrocytes) RBCs. White blood cells (leucocytes). Platelets (thrombocytes).  1: Cellular Elements: 1:Red Blood Cells: (Erythrocytes) Male: 4.8 - 6.0 million/ mm3 : Female: 4.2 - 5.5 million/ mm3 Newborn: 6.7 million/ mm3 2:White Blood Cells: (Leucocytes) 4000 – 11000 / mm3 It is of two types: Granular: Neutrophils. 50 - 70% : Esinophils 2- 5% : Basophiles 0 – 1% Non Granular: Lymphocytes 25 – 30% Monocytes 5 – 8% 3: Platelets: (thrompocytes) 250.000 - 500.000/mm3 RBCs & platelet  Plasma Composition: Water: 90% Inorganic substances: 1% Na+ chief cation Cl- & HCO3- chief anions. Organic substances: 9% glucose, proteins, lipids, vitamins Blood gases: Oxygen & Carbon dioxide  Plasma proteins (4.5 - 5.5 g/dl) (2.5 – 3 g/dl) (0.3 – 1 g/dl) Prothrombin (0.01 – 0.05 g/dl) 10/2/2024  Plasma Proteins Concentration Molecular weight Albumin 3.5-5.0 g/dl 69’000 Globulins 2.5 g/dl 90’000-156’000 Fibrinogen 0.4 g/dl 340’000 Prothrombin 0.01 g/dl 68’700 Site of formation: 1- Albumin, fibrinogen, prothrombin and 50% of globulins are formed in the liver. 2- Globulins are also formed mainly in lymph nodes Albumin/Globulins Ratio (A/G ratio) Normally ranges between 1.2 – 1.6 Low A/G ratio can occur in: Liver diseases: due to decreased formation of albumin. Kidney diseases: due to loss of albumin in urine. Infection: due to increased globulins formation. Functions of Plasma proteins:  Functions of Plasma proteins: 2- Osmotic regulation: -Plasma proteins are colloidal and non diffusible cannot cross capillary wall due to their high molecular weight so it is more important -They exert colloidal osmotic pressure which helps to maintain a normal blood volume and a normal water content in the interstitial fluid and the tissues. - About 28 mmHg. - Albumin is responsible for most of this pressure due to its. highest concentration -Decrease level of albumin results in loss of water from blood and its entry into interstitial fluids causing edema. Functions of Plasma proteins: 3- Defensive Function: gamma globulins are the immunoglobulins (or antibodies) 4- Blood Clotting: Fibrinogen and prothrombin are essential for coagulation of blo od. 5- Blood Viscosity: Plasma is 1.5 more viscous than water. Fibrinogen. Viscosity is important for the maintenance of peripheral resistance and arterial blood pressure. Functions of Plasma proteins: 7- Transport and Conservation of important elements: carriers of important substances in blood such as hormones, vitamins and minerals. Binding of these substances to plasma proteins - prevent their loss in urine - act as reservoir of these substances. 8- Use of plasma proteins by tissues: - protein storage. - They are continuously utilized by tissues. -Albumin can leave the plasma by exocytosis. - It is taken by tissues and broken down into amino acids.  Thank you 10/2/2024