Biomechanics PDF
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Uploaded by CheapestAnemone
The University of Nottingham
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Summary
This document provides a concise overview of biomechanics, focusing on the application of engineering principles to human physiology, particularly in the context of joint movements. It explores concepts like kinematics and kinetics, and their role in quantifying forces and actions within the body.
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**Biomechanics** - Application of engineering to description of physiology esp in humans. - Primarily concerned with movements about joints angular extent, distances moved, speed of movement and force of movement. - To stand animals must overcome the force generated by their weight...
**Biomechanics** - Application of engineering to description of physiology esp in humans. - Primarily concerned with movements about joints angular extent, distances moved, speed of movement and force of movement. - To stand animals must overcome the force generated by their weight F(N) = mass (kg) x acc'n (m/s2) - The force acting about joints during a movement can be quantified. - Shape can attenuate force/unit area within a joint. - Long bones have broader ends to improve stability and reduce forces. - Knee = largest joint in human body consists of condyles and flattened tibial condyles forming tibial plateau **Measuring Movement Kinematics** - Kinematics = movement about joints. - Several types: - Hinge type at knee and ball and socket of hip and shoulder. - Rotational pivot type at elbow, sadly joint of thumb and mortise and tenon of ankle. - Angles measured using goniometers \>\>\> - All biomehcanial texts list actions about joing in terms of types of elvers: - Type 1 and 2 = incr mechanical advantage (MA) due to length of lever and load arms from fulcrum - Type 3 = short contrction resulting in rapid and extensive movement. E.e. biceps brachii. - MA = lever arm/load arm  - Example of leverage = pulley effect of patella at human knee **Measuring force and speed Kinetics** - Muscle force req for movements depends on type of lever. - Force = Newtons, length = metres and weights = converted to force in Newtons. - Force at end of lever arm = moment Example: MA = 0.05m/0.35m = 0.143 If wt = 6.8kg = 67N 67. /0.143 MA = 466 N muscle force required. - Force generated by impact of distal limb can be measured using plate transducers. - In humans referred to as foot force. - Measure may be in % body weight or Newtons. Summary: - Biomechanics of movement (kinesiology) = nature of movement (kinematics) and force/speed/energy of movements (kinetics) w reductive description of complex actions about joint.
