Biology Explained in 17 Minutes PDF

**BIOLOGY explained in 17 minutes** **Fill-in-the-Blank Questions:** 1. About 4.5 billion years ago, the Earth was a big ball of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ rocks. 2. Hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the ocean are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ hot and filled with chemicals. 3. Carbohydrates provide \_\_\_...

**BIOLOGY explained in 17 minutes** **Fill-in-the-Blank Questions:** 1. About 4.5 billion years ago, the Earth was a big ball of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ rocks. 2. Hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the ocean are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ hot and filled with chemicals. 3. Carbohydrates provide \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ energy, while lipids store \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ energy. 4. Enzymes act as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to speed up chemical reactions in living beings. 5. The enzyme lactase breaks down \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, the sugar found in milk. 6. Unlike rocks, living organisms are made of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 7. Eukaryotes have fancy organelles like the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which contains DNA. 8. Prokaryotes, such as bacteria, lack \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_-bound organelles. 9. Every species has a unique scientific name consisting of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and species. 10. Homeostasis helps maintain specific conditions, such as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, in living organisms. 11. The cell membrane is a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ phospholipid bilayer. 12. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the process of balancing out gradients in concentration. 13. Energy for active transport comes from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 14. Cellular respiration occurs in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and produces ATP. 15. Plants make glucose through the process of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 16. DNA is made of nucleotides, which include a phosphate group, a sugar, and a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ base. 17. The process of copying DNA into RNA is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 18. A codon on mRNA codes for a specific \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, the building block of proteins. 19. The structure that helps compact DNA into chromosomes is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 20. The process by which chromosomes exchange genetic material during meiosis is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. **Short-Answer Questions:** 1. What elements are necessary for cellular respiration to produce ATP? 2. How does the chlorophyll in plants contribute to photosynthesis? 3. What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA? 4. Describe the role of tRNA during protein synthesis. 5. What happens to enzymes when their environment changes drastically? 6. Explain why males are more likely to be colorblind than females. 7. What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of their outcomes? 8. How does the myelin sheath help speed up action potentials? 9. What are the two main categories of cells, and how do they differ? 10. Why can mutations in DNA sometimes be beneficial? **Answers:** **Fill-in-the-Blank Answers:** 1. flaming 2. piping 3. quick; long-term 4. catalysts 5. lactose 6. cells 7. nucleus 8. membrane 9. genus 10. pH 11. semipermeable 12. diffusion 13. ATP 14. mitochondria 15. photosynthesis 16. nitrogenous 17. transcription 18. amino acid 19. histone 20. crossing over **Short-Answer Answers:** 1. Oxygen and glucose. 2. Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light, using energy to split water and create glucose. 3. Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine. 4. tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the codons on mRNA. 5. Enzymes denature and lose functionality. 6. Males have only one X chromosome, so they lack a backup for X-linked recessive traits. 7. Mitosis produces identical diploid cells; meiosis produces genetically diverse haploid gametes. 8. The myelin sheath allows electrical signals to \"jump\" across nodes, speeding transmission. 9. Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes have them. 10. Beneficial mutations can improve an organism\'s fitness, such as better camouflage.