BIOL1XX8 2024 L7 The Kidney PDF

The Kidney Dr Tim Lee School of Life and Environmental Sciences [email protected] https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/diabetic-kidney-disease The Kidney – Removers of waste, maintainers of balance ‘Renal’ – Pertaining to the kidney Maintainin...

The Kidney Dr Tim Lee School of Life and Environmental Sciences [email protected] https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/diabetic-kidney-disease The Kidney – Removers of waste, maintainers of balance ‘Renal’ – Pertaining to the kidney Maintaining extracellular fluid composition and volume Maintaining mass balance/clearance Filtration followed by reabsorption Secretion of some waste products Produce some hormones (erythropoietin) The kidneys together filter about 180 litres of fluid a day The Kidney – Location https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Human_body_di agrams#/media/File:Adult_male_diagram_template. svg The Kidney – Location Front R L Back https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kidney#/media/File:Gray1126.png The Kidney – Connecting Up Aorta Vena cava Renal arteries Renal veins Left kidney Right kidney Ureters https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kidney#/media/File:Gray1121.png Urinary bladder The Kidney – Internal Anatomy Renal Pyramid Renal Cortex Renal artery Renal Medulla Renal vein Renal pelvis Ureter Nephron The Kidney – Nephron https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Figure_41_03_03.png CNX OpenStax [CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kidney_dry.png ] ‫אני‬CC BY-SA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0[( The Kidney – Nephron Site of filtration of the blood https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kidney_dry.png ] ‫אני‬CC BY-SA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0[( Site of reabsorption of 70% of what was removed from the blood Fine-tuning of water, K+ and Na+ balance The Kidney – Nephron The kidney filters the blood by: 20% plasma volume removed into nephron 70% of that is reabsorbed almost immediately in Proximal Convoluted Tubule Fine tuning in remaining sections Taking nearly everything out of the blood Checking the composition Putting nearly everything back in, and removing the rest in the urine The Kidney – Nephron – Renal corpuscle Glomerulus – “ball of wool”, tangle of porous capillaries. Bowman’s Capsule Bowman’s capsule – surrounds glomerulus, absorbs filtrate from it Site of Ultrafiltration: fluid under pressure at a semi-permeable membrane Glomerulus The Kidney – Nephron – Renal corpuscle Glomerular filter is formed of three layers: 1) The wall of the capillary (endothelium) 2) The glomerular basement membrane 3) The podocytes https://renalusjp.wordpress.com/2018/07/07/glomerular-diseases-an-overview/ The Kidney – Nephron – Glomerulus Large proteins and blood cells do not leave the capillary Podocytes – Cells that surround glomerular capillaries https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2613_Podocytes.jpg OpenStax College [CC BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)] The Kidney – Nephron Miyaki, T., Kawasaki, Y., Hosoyamada, Y. et al. Three-dimensional imaging of podocyte ultrastructure using FE-SEM and FIB-SEM tomography. Cell Tissue Res 379, 245–254 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-019-03118-3 The Kidney – Nephron – Renal corpuscle Bowman’s Capsule What goes through: Small molecules (