Lecture 7: The Kidney

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the kidneys?

  • Produce red blood cells
  • Aid in breathing
  • Produce insulin
  • Secrete waste products (correct)

Where does the process of filtration occur in the kidneys?

  • Renal pelvis
  • Renal artery
  • Renal vein
  • Renal corpuscle (correct)

What is the primary site of reabsorption in the kidneys?

  • Renal medulla
  • Renal pyramid
  • Proximal convoluted tubule (correct)
  • Renal cortex

Which hormone is produced by the kidneys?

<p>Erythropoietin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much fluid do the kidneys filter daily?

<p>180 liters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the renal corpuscle in the kidney?

<p>Filtering waste products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds the glomerulus and absorbs filtrate from it?

<p>Bowman's capsule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms the glomerular filter with three layers?

<p>Capillary wall (endothelium) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules go through the Bowman's capsule?

<p>Small molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells surround the glomerular capillaries?

<p>Podocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of ultrafiltration in the kidney?

<p>Glomerular basement membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the glomerular filter is also known as the endothelium?

<p>Capillary wall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that surrounds the glomerulus and absorbs filtrate from it?

<p>Bowman's Capsule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer forms part of the glomerular filter and is made of podocytes?

<p>Epithelial Cell Layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules do not leave the glomerular capillary according to the text?

<p>Large proteins and blood cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron is responsible for ultrafiltration under pressure?

<p>Bowman's Capsule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the cells that surround glomerular capillaries called?

<p>Podocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms a barrier against large molecules in the glomerular filter?

<p>Basement Membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of podocytes in the nephron?

<p>Support Capillary Walls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the glomerulus has a significant role in ultrafiltration?

<p>Glomerular Basement Membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron primarily absorbs small molecules from the filtrate?

<p>Proximal Convoluted Tubule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to large proteins and blood cells in relation to the glomerular capillaries?

<p>They do not leave the capillary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

<p>Maintaining the balance of extracellular fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessels supply the kidneys with oxygenated blood?

<p>Renal arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the renal pyramid in the kidney?

<p>Concentration of urine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the nephron, what percentage of plasma volume is initially removed for filtration?

<p>20% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron is responsible for fine-tuning water, potassium (K+), and sodium (Na+) balance?

<p>Proximal Convoluted Tubule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the glomerulus in the kidney?

<p>Filtration of blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the majority of reabsorption occur in the nephron?

<p>Proximal Convoluted Tubule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ureters?

<p>Carry urine from kidneys to bladder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is synthesized by the kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production?

<p>Erythropoietin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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