BIOL1410 Lecture 9: The Appendicular Skeleton PDF

Lecture #9 The Appendicular Skeleton  The Appendicular Skeleton The appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones: The pectoral girdle The pelvic girdle The upper and lower limbs 1. The pectoral girdle: Consists of the clavicle and the scapula...

Lecture #9 The Appendicular Skeleton  The Appendicular Skeleton The appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones: The pectoral girdle The pelvic girdle The upper and lower limbs 1. The pectoral girdle: Consists of the clavicle and the scapula a. The clavicle: This is the collarbone Articulates with the manubrium of the sternum and the acromion process of the scapula Forms the connection between the axial and the appendicular skeleton  The Pectoral Girdle 1. The pectoral girdle: Consists of the clavicle and the scapula b. The scapula Acromion process articulates with the clavicle The cavity referred to as the glenoid fossa or the glenoid cavity articulates with the head of the humerusà upper limb bone Together the glenoid fossa and the humerus form the shoulder The muscles of the arm and the chest are attached by the coracoid process  The Pelvic Girdle 2. The pelvic girdle: Composed of two os coxa Each os coxa has: a. An ilium which articulates with the sacrum at the iliac crest b. An ischium: The inferior surface is called the ischial tuberosity Bears the weight of the body while sitting c. A pubic bone The two pubic bones are joined by a cartilaginous disk called a pubic symphysis  The Pelvic Girdle Joints in the pelvic girdle: 1. The sacroiliac joint A synovial joint 2. The pubic symphysis Joins the two pubic bones Formed from cartilage 3. The acetabulum The socket that articulates with the head of the femur (upper leg bone) The hip bone A synovial joint: Ball and socket Joins the L5 lumbar vertebrae and the sacrum  The Upper and Lower Limbs 3. The upper and lower limbs a. The arm (numbers are 1 per arm) ALWAYS SHOWN PALM FACING UP!! Humerus Radius/ulna Carpals 2 rows of bones per wrist 5 metacarpals The palm 14 phalanges  The Upper and Lower Limbs 3. The upper and lower limbs b. The leg (numbers are 1 per leg) Femur Tibia/fibula/patella 7 tarsals (ankle) Calcaneous is the largest tarsal Forms the heel 5 metatarsals The sole of the foot 14 phalanges  The Upper and Lower Limbs Anatomical position of upper and lower limbs: 1. Medial bones: Ulna Tibia Bones of the big toe Bones of the little fingerà PALMS FACING UP! 2. Lateral bones: Radius (in line with the thumb) Fibula (in line with the bones of the little toe)