Alkane Chemistry PDF

Alkane 2. Identify and name groups attached to this chain. CnHn2+2 (n- is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule) Alkanes are hydrocarbon which only contain single bonds. They are any of the following and their name vary according to the...

Alkane 2. Identify and name groups attached to this chain. CnHn2+2 (n- is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule) Alkanes are hydrocarbon which only contain single bonds. They are any of the following and their name vary according to the number of Carbon. 3. Number the chain consecutively, starting at the end nearest a substituent group. 4. Designate the location of each substituent group by an appropriate number and name. 5. Assemble the name, listing groups in alphabetical order. 6. The prefixes di, tri, tetra etc., used to designate several groups of the same kind, are not considered when alphabetizing Properties of Alkane Alkanes are colourless. Alkanes are less dense than water Alkanes are non-polar molecules so they are insoluble in water. The melting and boiling points of the shorter chain alkanes Constitutional or Structural is low, but the melting and boiling of alkanes increase as Molecules having the same the number of carbon atoms in the carbon chain increases. molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms are called Alkanes are relatively unreactive. constitutional or structural, Alkanes combust (react rapidly with oxygen) releasing isomers. energy, which makes alkanes useful as fuels. Alkanes will react with halogens such chlorine gas and bromine water Alkyl Group Alkanes with one fewer hydrogen atom. The name of the alkyl group is derived from the name of the alkane containing the Cycloalkanes same number of carbon atoms. The -ane ending of the alkane Are family having C-C single name is replace by the -yl ending. bonds in a ring structure. They have the general molecular formula CnH2n and thus have 2 fewer H atoms to alkane. Rules in Naming Cytoalkanes 1. Determine the name of the alkane with the same number of carbon atoms as there are within the ring and add prefix cyclo-. Naming Alkane 1. Find and name the longest continuous carbon chain. 2. If the cycloalkane is substituted, place the name of the group in alphabetical order before the name of the cycloalkane. No number is needed if there is only one substituents. 3. If more than one group is present, use numbers that result in the lowest possible position numbers. Alkene Compounds with at least one carbon-to- carbon double bond. (In any position of the hydrocarbon) Another term used to describe alkenes is olefins. Alkynes An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon- carbon triple bond between two carbon atoms.