Joints - BIO10004 Week 4.1-1 (1) PDF
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Uploaded by ImmenseGeometry
Swinburne University of Technology
Dr Greg Davis
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Summary
This document is a set of lecture notes focusing on joints. It details the classification of joints (synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis), synovial joints, joint movement (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction), and specific examples such as the elbow, knee, shoulder, and hip.
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Joints Articulations Dr Greg Davis Martini Chapter 9 Copyright notice Learning objectives and reading At the end of this lecture you should be able to: 1. Compare the major categories of joints, and link their structural features to joint functions 2....
Joints Articulations Dr Greg Davis Martini Chapter 9 Copyright notice Learning objectives and reading At the end of this lecture you should be able to: 1. Compare the major categories of joints, and link their structural features to joint functions 2. Describe the basic structure of a synovial joint 3. Describe how the anatomical and functional properties of synovial joints permit movement of the skeleton. 4. Describe the general structure and function of the shoulder and elbow joints Reading guide (textbook): Sections: 9-1, 9-2, 9-3, 9-5, 9-6 Figures: 9-1, 9-2, 9-3,9-4, 9-5, 9-7, 9-8, 9-9, 9-10 Tables: 9-1 Questions: 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, (26, 30) Classification of joints Joints are where appendicular skeleton moves – Also known as articulations – Joint strength/stability reduces with range of motion Joints are categorised by: – Range of motion Synarthrosis (no movement) Amphiarthrosis (little movement) Diarthrosis (free movement) – Structure Bony, cartilaginous, fibrous Examples of joint types Synarthrosis (no movement) Amphiarthrosis (little movement) Diarthrosis (free movement) Synovial joints Freely moveable joints with synovial fluid – Joint capsule (or articular capsule) Covers bony surfaces – Synovial fluid lubricates, provides nutrients, absorbs shocks – Accessory structures Fat pads – pad structure Ligaments – stabilise (bone/bone connections) Tendons – muscle bone connections bursa(e) – provide friction relief Synovial joint Joint motion Joint motion Joint types Joint types Joint types Movement names Flexion – Movement in anterior plane that decreases angle Extension – Movement in anterior plane that increases angle Generally opposite motion – Hyperextension goes further Movement names Abduction – Movement away from midline Adduction – Movement toward midline Generally opposite motions Circumduction – Circular motion Movement names Rotations – Recall anatomical position – Palms face forward Left/right Lateral (external) rotation – Move anterior surface out Medial (internal) rotation – Move anterior surface in Supination – Move forearm palm forward Pronation – Move forearm palm back Special movements Case study elbow and knee The elbow is a complex hinge joint – Flexion, extension – Some rotation The knee is a hinge joint – Complex joint – Flexion, extension – Small amount of rotation Annular - --- Humerus ligament Humerus Radial --- Articular capsule collateral Radial Antebrachial Antebrachial ligament interosseous interosseous membrane membrane --=--- Medial epicondyle Ulnar Radius collateral ligament Ulna --- Olecranon Ulna of ulna Capitulum Annular ligament (covering II Medial view head and neck of radius) II Lateral view Knee joint (anterior) Knee joint (posterior) Case study Shoulder and hip The shoulder is a ball and socket joint – Flexion, extension – Adduction, abduction – Circumduction, rotation The hip is a ball and socket joint – Flexion, extension – Adduction, abduction – Circumduction, rotation Figure 9-7 The Shoulder Joint. ATLAS: Plate 27d Ligaments Stabilizing the Subcoracoid bursa Shoulder Joint Tendon of bicep · -,.. Acromioclavicular brachii muscle ligament Subacromial bursa Coracoclavicular Acromioclavicular Coracoacromial Coracoclavicular ligament ligament ligaments ·O
