Bio Study Guide PDF

Multiple Choice: Multiple Choice (40 Questions; ½ pt each) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life? a) Ability to grow and develop b) Ability to reproduce c) Ability to maintain homeostasis d) Ability to synthesize vitamins What is the independent variable in an experiment studying...

Multiple Choice: Multiple Choice (40 Questions; ½ pt each) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life? a) Ability to grow and develop b) Ability to reproduce c) Ability to maintain homeostasis d) Ability to synthesize vitamins What is the independent variable in an experiment studying the effect of light on plant growth? a) Type of plant b) Amount of water given c) Amount of light exposure d) Height of the plant Which of the following is an example of mutualism? a) A lion hunts a zebra b) Bees pollinate flowers c) A tick feeds on a dog d) A dog and a cat compete for food Which level of organization includes all other levels? a) Organism b) Population c) Ecosystem d) Biosphere Which of the following is true about the relationship between ionic and covalent bonds? a) Ionic bonds share electrons equally, while covalent bonds transfer electrons. b) Ionic bonds transfer electrons, while covalent bonds share electrons. c) Ionic bonds involve hydrogen atoms, while covalent bonds do not. d) Both ionic and covalent bonds share electrons equally. Which of the following is a property of water? a) Water is non-polar b) Water has a high heat capacity c) Water is a poor solvent d) Water does not form hydrogen bonds Which part of the cell is responsible for making ribosomes? a) Golgi apparatus b) Nucleus c) Mitochondria d) Nucleolus Which of the following molecules is a monomer for proteins? a) Nucleotides b) Fatty acids c) Amino acids d) Glucose What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution? a) The cell will burst. b) The cell will swell and possibly burst. c) Water will enter the cell causing it to expand. d) Water will leave the cell causing it to shrink. Which of the following reactions occurs in the mitochondria? a) Glycolysis b) Calvin cycle c) Krebs cycle d) Photosynthesis In the food chain, how much energy is typically transferred from one trophic level to the next? a) 100% b) 50% c) 10% d) 1% Which element is the central atom in an amino acid's structure? a) Carbon b) Nitrogen c) Oxygen d) Hydrogen Which part of the microscope helps you adjust the focus at low power? a) Coarse adjustment knob b) Fine adjustment knob c) Stage clips d) Diaphragm Which process occurs in the chloroplasts? a) Glycolysis b) Krebs cycle c) Photosynthesis d) Cellular respiration What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions? a) They increase the activation energy. b) They decrease the activation energy. c) They provide energy to the reaction. d) They are consumed in the reaction. What is the main function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? a) Protein synthesis b) Lipid synthesis c) Packaging proteins d) Detoxifying harmful substances Which molecule is produced at the end of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration? a) Water b) Oxygen c) ATP d) Glucose What type of bond is formed between two water molecules? a) Covalent bond b) Hydrogen bond c) Ionic bond d) Disulfide bond Which of the following is the correct equation for cellular respiration? a) 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ b) C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP c) C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + energy d) CO₂ + H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ Which of the following best describes a buffer? a) It prevents changes in pH by neutralizing acids and bases. b) It increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution. c) It helps form ionic bonds. d) It makes the solution more acidic. Short Answer (4 Questions; 5 pts each) Explain how the pH scale works and give examples of an acid, a base, and a buffer. How does a buffer maintain pH stability? Describe the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Provide examples of each. What is the role of ATP in cellular metabolism? How does the ATP cycle work? In the context of the carbon cycle, explain the process of photosynthesis and how it affects atmospheric carbon levels. How is this related to global climate change? Lab Practical (2 Set-Ups; 10 pts each) Set-Up 1: Enzyme Lab (Hydrogen Peroxide and Catalase) Instructions: Describe the setup used to test the activity of catalase in breaking down hydrogen peroxide. What factors would you test that could affect the activity of the catalase enzyme? Explain the type of reaction that occurs and the expected results (e.g., oxygen production). Set-Up 2: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Lab (Algae Beads) Instructions: Describe the setup used to investigate the relationship between pH and carbon dioxide concentration in photosynthesis. How would you distinguish between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the setup? What type of organisms are involved in these two processes, and how are they connected?