Bio Lab 4 Exam PDF

‭SkeletalMusucle questions review‬ ‭Question 1‬ ‭ hich function of the skeletal system would be especially important if you were in a car accident?‬ W ‭storage of minerals protection of internal organs facilitation of movement fat storage Question 1‬ ‭options:‬ ‭storage of minerals‬ ‭protection...

‭SkeletalMusucle questions review‬ ‭Question 1‬ ‭ hich function of the skeletal system would be especially important if you were in a car accident?‬ W ‭storage of minerals protection of internal organs facilitation of movement fat storage Question 1‬ ‭options:‬ ‭storage of minerals‬ ‭protection of internal organs‬ ‭facilitation of movement‬ ‭fat storage‬ ‭‬ A ‭ nswer‬‭:‬‭b) Protection of internal organs‬ ‭‬ ‭Why?‬‭: The skeletal system forms a hard shield (like‬‭the ribcage protecting the heart and lungs or‬ ‭the skull protecting the brain) to prevent serious damage during trauma like a car accident.‬ ‭Question 2‬ ‭ one tissue can be described as ________.dead calcified tissue cartilage the skeletal system dense,‬ B ‭hard connective tissue‬ ‭dead calcified tissue‬ ‭Cartilage‬ ‭the skeletal system‬ ‭dense, hard connective tissue‬ ‭‬ A ‭ nswer‬‭:‬‭d) Dense, hard connective tissue‬ ‭‬ ‭Why?‬‭: Bone tissue is strong and hard but still alive‬‭and part of the connective tissue family,‬ ‭which supports and protects the body.‬ ‭Question 3‬ ‭Without red marrow, bones would not be able to ________.‬  ‭‬ ‭Answer‬‭:‬‭c) Make blood cells‬ ‭store phosphate‬ ‭store calcium‬ ‭make blood cells‬ ‭move like levers‬ ‭‬ W ‭ hy?‬‭: Red marrow is where blood cells (red, white,‬‭and platelets) are made, a process called‬ ‭hematopoiesis. Without it, the body couldn't produce blood.‬ ‭Question 4‬ ‭Yellow marrow has been identified as ________.‬ ‭‬ ‭Answer‬‭:‬‭a) An area of fat storage‬ ‭an area of fat storage‬ ‭a point of attachment for muscles‬ ‭the hard portion of bone‬ ‭the cause of kyphosis‬ ‭‬ W ‭ hy?‬‭: Yellow marrow is primarily made of fat and acts‬‭as an energy reserve, stored in the‬ ‭medullary cavities of long bones.‬ ‭Question 5‬ ‭The skeletal system is made of ________.‬ ‭muscles and tendons‬ ‭bones and cartilage‬ ‭vitreous humor‬ ‭minerals and fat‬ ‭‬ ‭Answer‬‭:‬‭b) Bones and cartilage‬  ‭‬ W ‭ hy?‬‭: The skeletal system includes bones (the rigid framework) and cartilage (which provides‬ ‭flexibility and cushioning, such as in joints).‬ ‭Question 6‬ ‭Calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine if ________ is lacking.‬ ‭vitamin D‬ ‭vitamin K‬ ‭Calcitonin‬ ‭fluoride‬ ‭‬ A ‭ nswer‬‭:‬‭a) Vitamin D‬ ‭‬ ‭Why?‬‭: Vitamin D helps the intestines absorb calcium.‬‭Without it, calcium from food would pass‬ ‭through the body without being used.‬ ‭Question 7‬ ‭Which element is important in directly triggering contraction?‬ ‭sodium (Na+)‬ ‭calcium (Ca++)‬ ‭potassium (K+)‬ ‭chloride (Cl-)‬ ‭‬ A ‭ nswer‬‭:‬‭b) Calcium (Ca++)‬ ‭‬ ‭Why?‬‭: Calcium ions bind to proteins in muscle fibers,‬‭which allows the muscle to contract.‬ ‭Without calcium, contraction would not occur.‬ ‭Urinary System‬‭.‬ ‭ uestion 1‬‭(1 point)‬ Q ‭Answer‬‭:‬‭a) It is displaced by the liver‬ ‭‬ W ‭ hy?‬‭: The large size of the liver on the right side‬‭of the body pushes the right kidney slightly‬ ‭lower than the left kidney.‬ ‭The right kidney is slightly lower because ________.‬ ‭.‬ 1 i‭t is displaced by the liver‬ ‭2.‬ ‭it is displace by the heart‬ ‭3.‬ ‭it is slightly smaller‬ ‭4.‬ ‭it needs protection of the lower ribs‬ ‭Question 2‬‭(1 point)‬ ‭Answer‬‭:‬‭c) The nephron‬ ‭‬ W ‭ hy?‬‭: Nephrons are microscopic structures in the kidney‬‭that filter blood and form urine. They‬ ‭are the kidney’s primary working units.‬ ‭The functional unit of the kidney is called ________.‬ ‭.‬ 1 t‭he renal hilus‬ ‭2.‬ ‭the renal corpuscle‬ ‭3.‬ ‭the nephron‬ ‭4.‬ ‭Bowman’s capsule‬ ‭Question 3‬‭(1 point)‬ ‭Which of the following is‬‭not‬‭true about the structure‬‭and function of the urinary system?‬ ‭‬ A ‭ nswer‬‭:‬‭c) The kidneys are at equal heights within‬‭the pelvic cavity‬ ‭‬ ‭Why?‬‭: This statement is false because the right kidney‬‭is slightly lower than the left due to the‬ ‭liver. The kidneys are not at equal heights‬ ‭A)The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder.‬ ‭B)The urethra of males is longer than the urethra of females.‬ ‭C)The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity.‬ ‭D)The right kidney is located more inferiorly than the left kidney.‬ ‭Question 4‬‭(1 point)‬ ‭The __________blank is‬‭not‬‭an organ of the urinary‬‭system.‬‭Answer‬‭:‬‭b) Liver‬ ‭‬ W ‭ hy?‬‭: The liver is part of the digestive system and‬‭helps detoxify the blood, but it is not part of‬ ‭the urinary system, which includes the urethra, ureter, kidneys, and bladder.‬ ‭a)urethra‬ ‭b)liver‬ ‭c)ureter‬ ‭d)urinary bladder‬ ‭Question 5‬‭(1 point)‬ ‭Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?‬ ‭Answer‬‭:‬‭d) They release a majority of‬ ‭wastes into the bloodstream‬ ‭‬ W ‭ hy?‬‭: Kidneys filter wastes out of the blood and excrete‬‭them in urine, not back into the‬ ‭bloodstream. All other listed functions are accurate roles of the kidneys.‬ ‭A)They regulate osmolarity of the body fluids.‬ ‭B)They fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D.‬ ‭C)They help control blood pressure.‬ ‭D)They release a majority of wastes into the bloodstream.‬ ‭Question 6‬‭(1 point)‬ ‭Which organ system excretes nitrogenous wastes?‬‭Answer‬‭:‬‭a) The urinary system‬ ‭‬ W ‭ hy?‬‭: The urinary system removes nitrogenous wastes,‬‭like urea, which are byproducts of‬ ‭protein metabolism, through the urine.‬ ‭A)The urinary system‬ ‭B)The cardiovascular system‬  ‭C)The integumentary system‬ ‭D)The digestive system‬ ‭Reproductive System‬ ‭Question 1 Answer‬‭:‬‭b) Sperm‬ ‭‬ W ‭ hy?‬‭: Male gametes, or reproductive cells, are called‬‭sperm. They are responsible for fertilizing‬ ‭the female gamete (egg).‬ ‭What are male gametes called?‬ ‭.‬ 1 o‭ va‬ ‭2.‬ ‭sperm‬ ‭3.‬ ‭testes‬ ‭4.‬ ‭testosterone‬ ‭Question 2‬ ‭‬ A ‭ nswer‬‭:‬‭c) Seminiferous tubules‬ ‭‬ ‭Why?‬‭: Spermatogenesis, the production of sperm, occurs‬‭in the seminiferous tubules of the‬ ‭testes.‬ ‭Spermatogenesis takes place in the ________.‬ ‭.‬ 1 p‭ rostate gland‬ ‭2.‬ ‭glans penis‬ ‭3.‬ ‭seminiferous tubules‬ ‭4.‬ ‭ejaculatory duct‬ ‭Question 3‬ ‭What are the female gonads called?‬ ‭ nswer‬‭:‬‭d) Ovaries‬ A ‭Why?‬‭: The ovaries are the female gonads, responsible‬‭for producing eggs (ova) and hormones like‬ ‭estrogen and progesterone.‬  ‭.‬ 1 o‭ ocytes‬ ‭2.‬ ‭ova‬ ‭3.‬ ‭oviducts‬ ‭4.‬ ‭ovaries‬ ‭Question 4‬ ‭Where does fertilization of the egg by the sperm‬‭typically occur?‬ ‭ nswer‬‭:‬‭c) Uterine tube‬ A ‭Why?‬‭: Fertilization usually occurs in the uterine‬‭tube (also called the fallopian tube) before the fertilized‬ ‭egg travels to the uterus.‬ ‭.‬ 1 v‭ agina‬ ‭2.‬ ‭uterus‬ ‭3.‬ ‭uterine tube‬ ‭4.‬ ‭ovary‬ ‭Question 5‬ ‭The timing of puberty can be influenced by which‬‭of the following?‬ ‭ hy?‬‭: Genes, stress levels, and body fat can all influence‬‭the onset of puberty, as they affect hormone‬ W ‭production and development.‬ ‭.‬ 1 g‭ enes‬ ‭2.‬ ‭stress‬ ‭3.‬ ‭amount of body fat‬ ‭4.‬ ‭all of the above‬ ‭Question 6‬ ‭The __________blank is the gonad and the __________blank is the gamete.‬ ‭ hy?‬‭: The testis is the male gonad (organ that produces‬‭gametes), and sperm is the gamete‬ W ‭(reproductive cell).‬ ‭A)testis; ovary‬ ‭B)testis; semen‬ ‭C)testis; sperm‬  ‭D)sperm; semen‬ ‭Question 7‬ ‭Which of the following is generally accepted as a‬‭secondary sex characteristic?‬ ‭ hy?‬‭: Secondary sex characteristics are traits that‬‭appear during puberty, like breast development in‬ W ‭females or facial hair in males. Primary sex characteristics are directly related to reproduction.‬ ‭A)The enlargement of the breasts‬ ‭B)The presence of testes‬ ‭C)The prostate‬ ‭D)The uterus‬ ‭Question 8‬ ‭Which of the following is a secondary sex organ?‬‭Answer‬‭:‬ ‭ hy?‬‭: Secondary sex organs, like the vagina, are involved‬‭in the reproductive process but do not produce‬ W ‭gametes. Primary sex organs (gonads) are those that produce eggs or sperm.‬ ‭a)Testis‬ ‭b)Ovary‬ ‭c)Vagina‬ ‭d‬‭)Facial hair‬ ‭Question 9‬ ‭Whether an organism will be‬‭genetically‬‭male or female‬‭is determined by __________blank.‬ ‭ hy?‬‭: The sperm determines sex because it can carry‬‭either an X or a Y chromosome, while the egg‬ W ‭always carries an X chromosome.‬ ‭A)hormonal, genetic, and environmental factors‬ ‭B)prenatal hormone exposure‬ ‭C)the egg‬  ‭D)the sperm‬ ‭Question 10‬ ‭ he gene that codes for the testis-determining factor‬‭(TDF) is found in or on the‬ T ‭__________blank.‬ ‭ hy?‬‭: The SRY (Sex-determining Region on the Y chromosome)‬‭gene codes for TDF, which initiates‬ W ‭male development.‬ ‭A)Y chromosome‬ ‭B)X chromosome‬ ‭C)gonadal ridges‬ ‭D)fetal testes‬ ‭Question 11‬ ‭In which structure does fertilization usually occur?‬ ‭Why?‬‭: Fertilization typically occurs in the uterine‬‭tube, where the sperm meets the egg after ovulation.‬ ‭A)Urethra‬ ‭B)Uterus‬ ‭C)Ovary‬ ‭D)Uterine tube‬ ‭Question 12‬‭(1 point)‬ ‭What structure leads from each ovary to the uterus?‬ ‭Answer‬‭:‬‭a) Uterine tube‬ ‭ hy?‬‭: The uterine tubes (fallopian tubes) connect‬‭the ovaries to the uterus and provide the pathway‬ W ‭for eggs to reach the uterus.‬ ‭A)Uterine tube‬ ‭B)Vagina‬  ‭C)Urethra‬ ‭D)Vas deferens‬ ‭Nervous system‬ ‭Question 1‬ ‭Which of the following cavities contains a component‬‭of the central nervous system?‬ ‭ nswer‬‭:‬‭c) Cranial‬ A ‭Why?‬‭: The cranial cavity houses the brain, which is‬‭a component of the central nervous system (CNS).‬ ‭.‬ 1 a‭ bdominal‬ ‭2.‬ ‭pelvic‬ ‭3.‬ ‭cranial‬ ‭4.‬ ‭thoracic‬ ‭Question 2‬ ‭Which of the following cavities contains a component‬‭of the central nervous system?‬ ‭ nswer‬‭:‬‭c) Cranial‬ A ‭Why?‬‭: This is the same as Question 1.‬ ‭.‬ 1 a‭ bdominal‬ ‭2.‬ ‭pelvic‬ ‭3.‬ ‭cranial‬ ‭4.‬ ‭thoracic‬ ‭Question 3‬ ‭Which part of a neuron transmits an electrical signal to a target cell?‬‭Answer‬‭:‬‭d) Axon‬ ‭ hy?‬‭: The axon is the part of the neuron that carries‬‭electrical signals (action potentials) away from‬ W ‭the cell body to the target cells.‬ ‭.‬ 1 d‭ endrites‬ ‭2.‬ ‭soma‬ ‭3.‬ ‭cell body‬ ‭4.‬ ‭axon‬ ‭Question 4‬ ‭Which term describes a bundle of axons in the peripheral‬‭nervous system?‬ ‭ nswer‬‭:‬‭d) Nerve‬ A ‭Why?‬‭: In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), a bundle‬‭of axons is called a nerve, whereas in the CNS,‬ ‭it is called a tract.‬ ‭.‬ 1 n‭ ucleus‬ ‭2.‬ ‭ganglion‬ ‭3.‬ ‭tract‬ ‭4.‬ ‭nerve‬ ‭Question 5‬ ‭Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus?‬‭Answer‬‭:‬‭b) Soma (cell body)‬ ‭Why?‬‭: The soma, or cell body, contains the nucleus‬‭and is the main metabolic center of the neuron.‬ ‭.‬ 1 d‭ endrite‬ ‭2.‬ ‭soma (cell body)‬ ‭3.‬ ‭axon‬ ‭4.‬ ‭synaptic end bulb‬ ‭Question 6‬ ‭What type of glial cell is the resident macrophage‬‭behind the blood-brain barrier?‬‭Answer‬‭:‬‭a)‬ ‭Microglia‬ ‭Why?‬‭: Microglia are immune cells in the CNS that act‬‭as macrophages to clear debris and pathogens.‬ ‭.‬ 1 ‭ icroglia‬ m ‭2.‬ ‭astrocyte‬ ‭3.‬ ‭Schwann cell‬ ‭4.‬ ‭satellite cell‬ ‭Question 7‬ ‭What two types of macromolecules are the main components‬‭of myelin?‬‭Answer‬‭:‬‭c) Lipids and‬ ‭proteins‬ ‭Why?‬‭: Myelin is composed primarily of lipids for insulation‬‭and proteins for structure.‬ ‭1.‬ ‭carbohydrates and lipids‬  ‭.‬ p 2 ‭ roteins and nucleic acids‬ ‭3.‬ ‭lipids and proteins‬ ‭4.‬ ‭carbohydrates and nucleic acids‬ ‭Question 8‬ I‭ f a thermoreceptor is sensitive to temperature sensations,‬‭what would a chemoreceptor be‬ ‭sensitive to?‬‭Answer‬‭:‬‭c) Molecules‬ ‭ hy?‬‭: Chemoreceptors detect chemical stimuli, such‬‭as molecules in the environment or in the body‬ W ‭(e.g., oxygen or carbon dioxide).‬ ‭.‬ 1 l‭ight‬ ‭2.‬ ‭sound‬ ‭3.‬ ‭molecules‬ ‭4.‬ ‭vibration‬ ‭Question 9‬ ‭What ion enters a neuron causing depolarization of‬‭the cell membrane?‬‭Answer‬‭:‬‭Sodium‬ ‭.‬ 1 s‭ odium‬ ‭2.‬ ‭chloride‬ ‭3.‬ ‭potassium‬ ‭4.‬ ‭phosphate‬ ‭Question 10‬ ‭Voltage-gated Na‬‭+‬ ‭channels open upon reaching what‬‭state?‬‭Answer‬‭:‬‭b) Threshold‬ ‭ hy?‬‭: Voltage-gated sodium channels open when the‬‭neuron reaches the threshold potential, initiating an‬ W ‭action potential.‬ ‭.‬ 1 r‭ esting potential‬ ‭2.‬ ‭threshold‬ ‭3.‬ ‭repolarization‬ ‭4.‬ ‭overshoot‬ ‭Question 11‬ ‭What does a mechanically gated channel respond to?‬‭Answer‬‭:‬‭a) Physical stimulus‬ ‭ hy?‬‭: Mechanically gated channels open in response‬‭to physical deformation, such as pressure or‬ W ‭stretch.‬  ‭.‬ 1 p‭ hysical stimulus‬ ‭2.‬ ‭chemical stimulus‬ ‭3.‬ ‭increase in resistance‬ ‭4.‬ ‭decrease in resistance‬ ‭Question 12‬ ‭What neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular‬‭junction?‬‭Answer‬‭:‬‭d) Acetylcholine‬ ‭ hy?‬‭: Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that stimulates‬‭muscle contraction at the neuromuscular‬ W ‭junction.‬ ‭.‬ 1 n‭ orepinephrine‬ ‭2.‬ ‭serotonin‬ ‭3.‬ ‭dopamine‬ ‭4.‬ ‭acetylcholine‬ ‭Question 13‬ ‭What condition causes a stroke?‬ ‭ hy?‬‭: A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain‬‭is disrupted, either due to a clot (ischemic stroke) or‬ W ‭bleeding (hemorrhagic stroke).‬ ‭.‬ 1 i‭nflammation of meninges‬ ‭2.‬ ‭lumbar puncture‬ ‭3.‬ ‭infection of cerebral spinal fluid‬ ‭4.‬ ‭disruption of blood to the brain‬ ‭Question 14‬ ‭ ome _________blank neurons are specialized to detect stimuli, whereas‬ S ‭_________blank neurons send signals to the effectors of the nervous system.‬ ‭ hy?‬‭: Afferent neurons carry sensory signals to the‬‭CNS, while efferent neurons send motor signals‬ W ‭from the CNS to effectors (muscles or glands).‬ ‭a)efferent; afferent‬ ‭b)afferent; efferent‬ ‭c)motor; sensory‬ ‭d)efferent; inter-‬ ‭Question 15‬ ‭The term "nerve fiber" refers to a(n) _________blank.‬ ‭ hy?‬‭: A nerve fiber typically refers to an axon, which‬‭is the long, thin projection of a neuron that‬ W ‭transmits electrical signals.‬ ‭a)nerve cell‬ ‭b)organelle in nerve cells‬ ‭c)organ‬ ‭d)axon‬