Bio Lab 4 Exam PDF
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Summary
The document contains practice questions on the skeletal, muscular, and urinary systems, with explanations to help students study these topics.
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SkeletalMusucle questions review Question 1 hich function of the skeletal system would be especially important if you were in a car accident? W storage of minerals protection of internal organs facilitation of movement fat storage Question 1 options: storage of minerals protection...
SkeletalMusucle questions review Question 1 hich function of the skeletal system would be especially important if you were in a car accident? W storage of minerals protection of internal organs facilitation of movement fat storage Question 1 options: storage of minerals protection of internal organs facilitation of movement fat storage A nswer:b) Protection of internal organs Why?: The skeletal system forms a hard shield (likethe ribcage protecting the heart and lungs or the skull protecting the brain) to prevent serious damage during trauma like a car accident. Question 2 one tissue can be described as ________.dead calcified tissue cartilage the skeletal system dense, B hard connective tissue dead calcified tissue Cartilage the skeletal system dense, hard connective tissue A nswer:d) Dense, hard connective tissue Why?: Bone tissue is strong and hard but still aliveand part of the connective tissue family, which supports and protects the body. Question 3 Without red marrow, bones would not be able to ________. Answer:c) Make blood cells store phosphate store calcium make blood cells move like levers W hy?: Red marrow is where blood cells (red, white,and platelets) are made, a process called hematopoiesis. Without it, the body couldn't produce blood. Question 4 Yellow marrow has been identified as ________. Answer:a) An area of fat storage an area of fat storage a point of attachment for muscles the hard portion of bone the cause of kyphosis W hy?: Yellow marrow is primarily made of fat and actsas an energy reserve, stored in the medullary cavities of long bones. Question 5 The skeletal system is made of ________. muscles and tendons bones and cartilage vitreous humor minerals and fat Answer:b) Bones and cartilage W hy?: The skeletal system includes bones (the rigid framework) and cartilage (which provides flexibility and cushioning, such as in joints). Question 6 Calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine if ________ is lacking. vitamin D vitamin K Calcitonin fluoride A nswer:a) Vitamin D Why?: Vitamin D helps the intestines absorb calcium.Without it, calcium from food would pass through the body without being used. Question 7 Which element is important in directly triggering contraction? sodium (Na+) calcium (Ca++) potassium (K+) chloride (Cl-) A nswer:b) Calcium (Ca++) Why?: Calcium ions bind to proteins in muscle fibers,which allows the muscle to contract. Without calcium, contraction would not occur. Urinary System. uestion 1(1 point) Q Answer:a) It is displaced by the liver W hy?: The large size of the liver on the right sideof the body pushes the right kidney slightly lower than the left kidney. The right kidney is slightly lower because ________. . 1 it is displaced by the liver 2. it is displace by the heart 3. it is slightly smaller 4. it needs protection of the lower ribs Question 2(1 point) Answer:c) The nephron W hy?: Nephrons are microscopic structures in the kidneythat filter blood and form urine. They are the kidney’s primary working units. The functional unit of the kidney is called ________. . 1 the renal hilus 2. the renal corpuscle 3. the nephron 4. Bowman’s capsule Question 3(1 point) Which of the following isnottrue about the structureand function of the urinary system? A nswer:c) The kidneys are at equal heights withinthe pelvic cavity Why?: This statement is false because the right kidneyis slightly lower than the left due to the liver. The kidneys are not at equal heights A)The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder. B)The urethra of males is longer than the urethra of females. C)The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity. D)The right kidney is located more inferiorly than the left kidney. Question 4(1 point) The __________blank isnotan organ of the urinarysystem.Answer:b) Liver W hy?: The liver is part of the digestive system andhelps detoxify the blood, but it is not part of the urinary system, which includes the urethra, ureter, kidneys, and bladder. a)urethra b)liver c)ureter d)urinary bladder Question 5(1 point) Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys? Answer:d) They release a majority of wastes into the bloodstream W hy?: Kidneys filter wastes out of the blood and excretethem in urine, not back into the bloodstream. All other listed functions are accurate roles of the kidneys. A)They regulate osmolarity of the body fluids. B)They fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D. C)They help control blood pressure. D)They release a majority of wastes into the bloodstream. Question 6(1 point) Which organ system excretes nitrogenous wastes?Answer:a) The urinary system W hy?: The urinary system removes nitrogenous wastes,like urea, which are byproducts of protein metabolism, through the urine. A)The urinary system B)The cardiovascular system C)The integumentary system D)The digestive system Reproductive System Question 1 Answer:b) Sperm W hy?: Male gametes, or reproductive cells, are calledsperm. They are responsible for fertilizing the female gamete (egg). What are male gametes called? . 1 o va 2. sperm 3. testes 4. testosterone Question 2 A nswer:c) Seminiferous tubules Why?: Spermatogenesis, the production of sperm, occursin the seminiferous tubules of the testes. Spermatogenesis takes place in the ________. . 1 p rostate gland 2. glans penis 3. seminiferous tubules 4. ejaculatory duct Question 3 What are the female gonads called? nswer:d) Ovaries A Why?: The ovaries are the female gonads, responsiblefor producing eggs (ova) and hormones like estrogen and progesterone. . 1 o ocytes 2. ova 3. oviducts 4. ovaries Question 4 Where does fertilization of the egg by the spermtypically occur? nswer:c) Uterine tube A Why?: Fertilization usually occurs in the uterinetube (also called the fallopian tube) before the fertilized egg travels to the uterus. . 1 v agina 2. uterus 3. uterine tube 4. ovary Question 5 The timing of puberty can be influenced by whichof the following? hy?: Genes, stress levels, and body fat can all influencethe onset of puberty, as they affect hormone W production and development. . 1 g enes 2. stress 3. amount of body fat 4. all of the above Question 6 The __________blank is the gonad and the __________blank is the gamete. hy?: The testis is the male gonad (organ that producesgametes), and sperm is the gamete W (reproductive cell). A)testis; ovary B)testis; semen C)testis; sperm D)sperm; semen Question 7 Which of the following is generally accepted as asecondary sex characteristic? hy?: Secondary sex characteristics are traits thatappear during puberty, like breast development in W females or facial hair in males. Primary sex characteristics are directly related to reproduction. A)The enlargement of the breasts B)The presence of testes C)The prostate D)The uterus Question 8 Which of the following is a secondary sex organ?Answer: hy?: Secondary sex organs, like the vagina, are involvedin the reproductive process but do not produce W gametes. Primary sex organs (gonads) are those that produce eggs or sperm. a)Testis b)Ovary c)Vagina d)Facial hair Question 9 Whether an organism will begeneticallymale or femaleis determined by __________blank. hy?: The sperm determines sex because it can carryeither an X or a Y chromosome, while the egg W always carries an X chromosome. A)hormonal, genetic, and environmental factors B)prenatal hormone exposure C)the egg D)the sperm Question 10 he gene that codes for the testis-determining factor(TDF) is found in or on the T __________blank. hy?: The SRY (Sex-determining Region on the Y chromosome)gene codes for TDF, which initiates W male development. A)Y chromosome B)X chromosome C)gonadal ridges D)fetal testes Question 11 In which structure does fertilization usually occur? Why?: Fertilization typically occurs in the uterinetube, where the sperm meets the egg after ovulation. A)Urethra B)Uterus C)Ovary D)Uterine tube Question 12(1 point) What structure leads from each ovary to the uterus? Answer:a) Uterine tube hy?: The uterine tubes (fallopian tubes) connectthe ovaries to the uterus and provide the pathway W for eggs to reach the uterus. A)Uterine tube B)Vagina C)Urethra D)Vas deferens Nervous system Question 1 Which of the following cavities contains a componentof the central nervous system? nswer:c) Cranial A Why?: The cranial cavity houses the brain, which isa component of the central nervous system (CNS). . 1 a bdominal 2. pelvic 3. cranial 4. thoracic Question 2 Which of the following cavities contains a componentof the central nervous system? nswer:c) Cranial A Why?: This is the same as Question 1. . 1 a bdominal 2. pelvic 3. cranial 4. thoracic Question 3 Which part of a neuron transmits an electrical signal to a target cell?Answer:d) Axon hy?: The axon is the part of the neuron that carrieselectrical signals (action potentials) away from W the cell body to the target cells. . 1 d endrites 2. soma 3. cell body 4. axon Question 4 Which term describes a bundle of axons in the peripheralnervous system? nswer:d) Nerve A Why?: In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), a bundleof axons is called a nerve, whereas in the CNS, it is called a tract. . 1 n ucleus 2. ganglion 3. tract 4. nerve Question 5 Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus?Answer:b) Soma (cell body) Why?: The soma, or cell body, contains the nucleusand is the main metabolic center of the neuron. . 1 d endrite 2. soma (cell body) 3. axon 4. synaptic end bulb Question 6 What type of glial cell is the resident macrophagebehind the blood-brain barrier?Answer:a) Microglia Why?: Microglia are immune cells in the CNS that actas macrophages to clear debris and pathogens. . 1 icroglia m 2. astrocyte 3. Schwann cell 4. satellite cell Question 7 What two types of macromolecules are the main componentsof myelin?Answer:c) Lipids and proteins Why?: Myelin is composed primarily of lipids for insulationand proteins for structure. 1. carbohydrates and lipids . p 2 roteins and nucleic acids 3. lipids and proteins 4. carbohydrates and nucleic acids Question 8 I f a thermoreceptor is sensitive to temperature sensations,what would a chemoreceptor be sensitive to?Answer:c) Molecules hy?: Chemoreceptors detect chemical stimuli, suchas molecules in the environment or in the body W (e.g., oxygen or carbon dioxide). . 1 light 2. sound 3. molecules 4. vibration Question 9 What ion enters a neuron causing depolarization ofthe cell membrane?Answer:Sodium . 1 s odium 2. chloride 3. potassium 4. phosphate Question 10 Voltage-gated Na+ channels open upon reaching whatstate?Answer:b) Threshold hy?: Voltage-gated sodium channels open when theneuron reaches the threshold potential, initiating an W action potential. . 1 r esting potential 2. threshold 3. repolarization 4. overshoot Question 11 What does a mechanically gated channel respond to?Answer:a) Physical stimulus hy?: Mechanically gated channels open in responseto physical deformation, such as pressure or W stretch. . 1 p hysical stimulus 2. chemical stimulus 3. increase in resistance 4. decrease in resistance Question 12 What neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscularjunction?Answer:d) Acetylcholine hy?: Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that stimulatesmuscle contraction at the neuromuscular W junction. . 1 n orepinephrine 2. serotonin 3. dopamine 4. acetylcholine Question 13 What condition causes a stroke? hy?: A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brainis disrupted, either due to a clot (ischemic stroke) or W bleeding (hemorrhagic stroke). . 1 inflammation of meninges 2. lumbar puncture 3. infection of cerebral spinal fluid 4. disruption of blood to the brain Question 14 ome _________blank neurons are specialized to detect stimuli, whereas S _________blank neurons send signals to the effectors of the nervous system. hy?: Afferent neurons carry sensory signals to theCNS, while efferent neurons send motor signals W from the CNS to effectors (muscles or glands). a)efferent; afferent b)afferent; efferent c)motor; sensory d)efferent; inter- Question 15 The term "nerve fiber" refers to a(n) _________blank. hy?: A nerve fiber typically refers to an axon, whichis the long, thin projection of a neuron that W transmits electrical signals. a)nerve cell b)organelle in nerve cells c)organ d)axon
