BIO-210 Lab 1: Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology PDF

**BIO-210 Lab 1** **Introduction to Anatomy Physiology and Terminology** Define the relationship between anatomy and physiology. Discuss form and function. Identify anatomical regions and body cavities as they relate to the human body. **Anterior View** Cephalic = Head Frons, Frontal = Forehe...

**BIO-210 Lab 1** **Introduction to Anatomy Physiology and Terminology** Define the relationship between anatomy and physiology. Discuss form and function. Identify anatomical regions and body cavities as they relate to the human body. **Anterior View** Cephalic = Head Frons, Frontal = Forehead Oculus, Ocular, Orbital = Eye Nasus, Nasal = Nose Auris, Otic = Ear Bucca, Buccal = Cheek Mentis, Mental = Chin Oris, Oral = Mouth Cervicis, Cervical = Neck Thoracic, Thorax = Chest Mamma, Mammary = Breast Axilla, Axillary = Armpit Abdomen, Abdominal Umbilicus, Umbilical = Navel Pelvis, Pelvic Inguen, Inguinal = Groin Pubis, Pubic Brachium, Brachial = Arm Antecubital = Front of elbow Antebrachium, Antebrachial = Forearm Carpus, Carpal = Wrist Manus, Manual = Hand Palma, Palmar = Palm Pollex = Thumb Digits, Phalanges = Fingers or Toes Femur, Femoral = Thigh Patella, Patellar = Knee cap Crus, Crural = Lower Leg Tarsus, Tarsal = Ankle Pes, Pedal = Foot Hallux = Great toe **Posterior View** Acromion, Acromial = Top of shoulder Dorsum, Dorsal = Upper back Lumbus, Lumbar = Lower back Olecranon, Olecranal = Back of elbow Gluteus, Gluteal = Butt Popliteus, Popliteal = Back of knee Sura, Sural = Calf Calcaneus, Calcaneal = Heel Planta, Plantar = Sole of foot **Abdominopelvic Quadrants** Right upper quadrant = liver, gallbladder Left upper quadrant = stomach, spleen Right lower quadrant = appendix Left lower quadrant = sigmoid colon **Abdominopelvic Regions** Right hypochondriac region = liver, gallbladder, kidney Epigastric region = liver, stomach, duodenum, pancreas Left hypochondriac region = stomach, spleen, large intestine, kidney Right lumbar region = large intestine, small intestine Umbilical region = large intestine, small intestine Left lumbar region = large intestine, small intestine Right inguinal (iliac) region = appendix\*, small intestine Hypogastric region = appendix\*, small intestine, bladder (urinary) Left inguinal (iliac) region = large intestine, small intestine \*varies **Body Cavities (internal chambers)** Allow change in size and shape of organs Protect delicate organs Linings surround organs and reduce friction **Ventral body cavity** Thoracic cavity Abdominopelvic cavity **Identify directional terms, sectional planes, and movements.** **Directional terms** Anterior, Ventral = forwards Posterior, Dorsal = backwards Cranial, Cephalic = towards the head (upwards) Superior = higher Inferior = lower Superficial = closer to body surface Deep = further from body surface Proximal = toward point of attachment Distal = away from point of attachment Medial = towards midline Lateral = away from midline Intermediate = between more medial and lateral structures **Sectional Planes** Transverse plane -- separates superior and inferior Sagittal plane Frontal (coronal) plane -- separates anterior and posterior **Movement Terms** Flexion - decreases joint angle Extension - increases joint angle Adduction - brings body part towards midline on coronal plane Abduction - takes body part away from midline on coronal plane Supination - palms facing forward/upwards (like holding a bowl of soup) Pronation - palms facing downward/backwards Internal/medial rotation - turn inwards External/lateral rotation - turn outward Protraction - move anteriorly on a horizontal plane Retraction - move posteriorly on a horizontal plane Plantar flexion - ankle extension (point toes) Dorsiflexion - ankle flexion Opposition - specialized thumb movement, touch thumb to 5th finger Reposition -- return thumb to normal position Elevation - raise or lift a body part vertically Depression - lower or drop a body part vertically Inversion - roll ankle outward, sole of foot points medially Eversion - roll ankle inward, sole of foot points laterally