Biodegradation of Oil Spills PDF

BIODEGRADATION OF OIL SPILLS Petroleum hydrocarbons currently considered the main energy source and materials for different industries and daily activities ACINETOBACTER utilizes n-alkanes (C-10-C-20) as sole source of carbon OTHER BACTERIA ISOLATED Involved Microorganisms FROM PETROLEUM CONTAMINATE...

BIODEGRADATION OF OIL SPILLS Petroleum hydrocarbons currently considered the main energy source and materials for different industries and daily activities ACINETOBACTER utilizes n-alkanes (C-10-C-20) as sole source of carbon OTHER BACTERIA ISOLATED Involved Microorganisms FROM PETROLEUM CONTAMINATED AREAS Gordonia, Brevibacterium, Dietzia FUNGI FROM CONTAMINATED AREAS Talaromyces, Candida, Pichia, Graphium FACTORS INFLUENCING OIL SPILL DEGRADATION Composition of oil linear alkanes > branched alkanes > small aromatics > cyclic alkanes. Temperature affects chemistry of pollutant and physiology of microflora Nutrients limiting factors such as nitrogen and phosphorus excess inhibit biodegradation Cytochrome P450 alkene hydroxylase are required to introduce oxygen in the substrate to initiate biodegradation Bioremediation agents Microbiological cultures, enzyme additives, or nutrient additives Inipol EAP22 Oil Spill Eater II a microemulsion-containing urea, sodium lauret phosphate, 2butoxy-1-ethanol, and oleic acid “nitrogen, phosphorus, readily available carbon, and vitamins for quick colonization of naturally occurring bacteria” Wastewater and effluent treatment AEROBIC BREAKDOWN ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEMS Uses flocs (microorganisms in aggregates) for digesting diverse range of organic and inorganic compounds Trickling FILTER Cons: Impediment of aerobic bacteria, obnoxious smell, and sloughing off od microbial coats Microbial populations vary considerably depending on the position within the filter ROTATING DISKS. Microorganisms will form coat in the disks ANAEROBIC BREAKDOWN Microbial Trophic groups (anaerobic) Fermentative hydrolytic bacteria Acetogenic bacteria secrete extracellular They metabolize the enzymes that hydrolyze end-products from the complex polymers, such as group 1 microorganisms, proteins, lipids and primarily forming acetic polysaccharides. Their acid, CO2 and hydrogen. products include a range of volatile fatty acids Methanogenic bacteria Acetotrophs Methanosarcina breakdown of acetic acid into methane hydregenotrophs CO2 to methane and water DISPOSAL OF SLUDGE Landfill Incineration as Fertilizers ELIMINATION OF MICROPOLLUTANTS Charcoal powder Filtration Physiochemical oxidation Disinfection