Bible Midterm Study Guide PDF

**[Hermeneutics]** **Big Picture of the Bible** - **6 Movements Model** - Creation (Gen 1-2) - Fall (Gen 3) - Israel (Rest of OT) - Jesus (Gospels) - Church (Acts -- Revelation) - Restoration (Revelation) - **KINGDOM Model** - **Kickoff and Reb...

**[Hermeneutics]** **Big Picture of the Bible** - **6 Movements Model** - Creation (Gen 1-2) - Fall (Gen 3) - Israel (Rest of OT) - Jesus (Gospels) - Church (Acts -- Revelation) - Restoration (Revelation) - **KINGDOM Model** - **Kickoff and Rebellion** - **Instrument of Blessing** - Abraham, Isacc, Jacob - **Nation Redeemed and Commissioned** - Exodus, Sinai; Wilderness - **Government in the Promised Land** - Conquest, Judges, Kings - **Dispersion and Return** - Exile - **Overlap of the Ages** - **Mission Accomplished** - **Framework** - Theological guardrails - Easy to understand, easy to explain - Allow tracing of idea or themes across the bible - **Problems with Big Picture** - Don't get all the details of the passage - Over simplified - Treat the bible as the big picture - The entire bible cannot **Terms** - **Hermeneutics ** - How you study the bible, the process of studying the bible  - **General and Special Revelation ** - The basic beliefs: God has revealed himself  - 2 methods of revelation  - **General** -- God has revealed himself through natural means  - "Unlimited Revelation" is accessible to anyone at any time  - Nature and creation points to God  - Shared human morality points to God  - General Revelation is enough to condemn  - Special -- God has revealed himself specifically to certain people  - "Limited Revelation" only given to specific people at specific times  - Ex. Bible, dreams/visions, prophecies, etc..  - Special Revelation saves  - **Inspiration ** - The bible comes from God -- 2 Timothy 3:16  - **Verbal Inspiration ** - God has inspired the words of the bible not just the ideas and concepts  - **Plenary Inspiration ** - "Complete inspiration" 100% of the bible  - **Infallibility ** - The bible makes no mistakes  - Modern bible makes no mistakes about theology or doctrine  - **Inerrancy ** - The bible has no errors  **Canon --** rule or standard - **Know how both the OT and NT books were collected and canonized** - **Collecting the Old Testament Canon ** - Ezra begins collecting, editing, and organizing the Hebrew scripture  - This is the end of exile, return to temple worship  - Last books: Malachi and Chronicles  - Jewish rabbi periodically meets met to affirm the canon  - Recognized these books had authority, and the cannon was not created it was recognized  - Septuagint is the Greek translation of the OT Canon  - **Collecting the New Testament Canon ** - Early Christians begin writing new scripture shortly after the life of Christ, within 50 years  - First Gospel Mark, last year  - Letters are written for doctrine and correction, encouragement among church  - Circular letter  - First "books" recognized are the 4 gospels and Paul's writing  - To be considered scripture a book had to connect to an eyewitness  - Matthew -- disciple, Mark -- peter's translator  - **Finalized Canon is first recorded in 367 AD Athanasius combines the NT and OT ** - **Source of authority** - Believe they have authority because God **inspired** - Authority comes from God - Recognized these books had authority, and the cannon was not created it was recognized  **Copying and Translating** - **Copy process/ Scribal Process** - No original copies (autographs) of any scripture - Specific scribe group with specific rules copied scripture to pass it down - Every letter copied one by one and counted each time - Allowed to have only 3 minor errors in a copy (obvious cross out) - Bury error copies to ensure no copying - Masoretic scribes begin making edits to Hebrews  - Introduced vowel marks to teach how to pronounce words  - **Challenges in Translation** - Vocabulary  - Some words have no equivalence  - Some words mean multiple meanings  - Structure  - Word order can vary in languages  - Inflected language v. non-inflected  - "car green", "green car" - Idiom  - **Types of Bible Translations** - **Word for Word** - Want to preserve original wording by giving the closest possible wording  - Keeps the structure/grammar if it fits  - Ex**. ESV, RSV**, NASB, KJV  - **Thought for Thought** - Preserves the overall idea of the text but not the exact words  - Ex. NLT, **NIV, CSB**, HCSB, NJB  - **Paraphrase** - **MSG** **Context** - **Big Picture** - Context at the highest level  - Where does this passage fit into the big story/ picture of the bible  - Framework: KINGDOM - **Covenantal** - Second level of Context  - **Covenant**: where 2 people promise that you will follow through with your part no matter what and wither they do it or not  - **Textual** - 2 "levels" at the same time  - How does the text fit in overall book?  - Immediate text  - Requires a knowledge of the text, its element and surrounding context  - Deep Dive  - Key words  - Details of location, characters, events, attitudes  - Discover main point  - **5 Major Covenants** - **Adamic -- Noahic  ** - Creation Mandate Gen 1.27  - Seed of Woman Promise gen 3.15  - Covenant Promised gen 6:18  - Covenant made gen 3:20 -- 9:17  - Creation Mandate  - **Abrahamic Covenant ** - Gen 12, 15, 17  - Gen 12 Promise of nation, all the nation blessed  - Gen 15 Covenant made, promise of a son to come  - **Mosaic Covenant  ** - Exodus 19 Israel is God's chosen people, holy nation  - Exodus 20 Law is Given for Israel to follow  - **Davidic Covenant ** - 2 Samuel 7  - Messiah will come from David's line  - Forever line of kings  - **New Covenant ** - Foreshowed in exile  - Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel  - Begins with the life of Jesus  - Finalizes at end of ages with new heaven/earth  **[Torah]** **Genesis** - **Importance of creation accounts** - God is the sole creator - Man is created in God's image -- we are the only part of creation with this title - Man has a specific role - Creation is original perfect - God speaks creation into existence and is done purposely - Creation is symmetrical - Day 1-3 creation of domains - Day 4-6 filling the domains - Creation Mandate-man is the pinnacle of creation - Be fruitful and multiply, excise dominion, - Sole image-bearers - **3:15 Promise** - Seed of the Woman Promise - Seed of the woman will cruse the serpent and solve the problem introduced by sin - **Protoevangelium** - **Patriarch Promises** - Pace of book pace of book drastically slows down and some of the most important ideas in the OT are developed here - **Gen. 12, 15** - 12:1-3 is one of the most important texts in the OT - Calls Abram to leave his country and he is given specific promises - Make you a great nation, bless you, make your name great so you will be blessed, bless those who bless you, curse those who curse you, bless all the earth through you - Covenant is made in 15 - **Patriarch Narratives** - Tracing seed of woman - Fathers of Israel - Abraham (11:27-25:11) - Isaac (25:19-25:29 - Jacob (38-50) **Exodus** - **Importance of Mosaic Law** - What runs Israel for the next 100 years - 19:5-6 defines a relationship - Treasured possession - Kingdom of Priest - Holy Nation - 19:16-20 God descended on Mount. Sinia - Demonstrates God's power and the infinity holy power of God - Brings fear of the Lord - **Plague narratives** - Judgement on Egypt, God's name shown, demonstrating God's power, Promise of Abraham filled - **God's presence with Israel** - **Importance of Burning Bush Narrative (3)** - The name and power of God, Exodus as a redemptive event - God reveals Himself to Moses -- I AM statement 3:14 - Defying putting a single description, promise of continued presence, revealing desire to be known - Signs from God - Staff on ground into snake - Leprosy on hand - **The Passover Instructions (Ex. 12)** - God passing over the Israelites homes' - Every household picks a lamb - 1 year old, male sheep/goat, unblemished - Taken on the 10^th^ day of Passover and slaughtered on 14^th^ day - Spread blood on doorpost of home you eat it in - Eat roasted lamb with unleavened bread and bitter herb -- NO YEAST - Eat meal quickly, dressed and ready to leave - **Theological importance of the Passover** - **Act of Remembrance** - Points us to how Jesus is the perfect Passover lamb - Illustrates salvation by substitution - Isreal gets to live because the Blood COVERED them - We are saved by Jesus's blood and it covers us - You get to live because something died in your place - Something has to die so the blood can cover you - Exodus -- leaving - Landmark moment - God refers to this moment about how He freed them from Egypt - God brought you out of Egypt -- defines interaction - How God is defined until Jesus **Leviticus** - **Holiness as Israel's mission** - Israel is called to be holy so that the other nations would flee from paganism and follow God - Sacrifice to remain holy - **Burnt Offering -General offering** - Bull - Unblemished male - Lay hands on the head for atonement - Sheep or goat - Unblemished male - Birds - turtle doves or pigeons - **Grain offering -- General offering** - Fine flower mixed with oil and frankincense - Burn a portion priests get the rest - Backed offering must have no leaven/yeast - Mixed/coated in oil - Seasoned with salt - Fresh harvest of grain, roasted and crushed - Mixed with oil and Franskensce  - **Peace offering -- general/thanksgiving offering** - 3 ways to offer - Bull, sheep, or goat - Lay hands-on head of sacrifice - Burn the fat of the sacrifices - **Sin offering - Purpose: covering of sin** - Different requirements based on circumstance - Example: Priests - Sin offering of a bull - Sprinkle blood 7 times on inner curtain - Spreads blood on the horns on the altar of incense - Pour rest at base of altar outside - Burn the offering  - Example: Common person - Sin offering is a female goat - Blood on the horns of bronze altar - Pour the rest at the base of the altar - **Guilt offering** - If you sin you have to bring a offering to the Lord - Bring un unblemished ram - The priest will make an atonement  - You will be forgiven - **Day Of Atonement -- Leviticus 16** - Sin is a disease or treated like a contagion - Lay hands-on animals (sin offering) transfers sin - Tabernacle is a collection point for sin and day of Atonement clean it and removes it from the people - Cleaned from Holies of Holies and progresses outward - Scapegoat sent out with all the nations sins removing the sin from the nation - **Interpreting Levitical law** - Has the Ten Commandments within laws - Does it have a deeper theological? - 19:19 Israel shouldn't mix with other nations - 19:23-25, teaches patience and remembrance that God provides - Is it just plain protection of hygiene - 19:35 -- be fair in business **Numbers** - **Moses the mediator** - Narratives in Torah show Moses filling the role of mediator - Appears in period of rebellion, and intercedes on the behalf of the people before God - Exodus 32:7-14 - V.7 "your people...who you brought out" - V.10 God will wipeout Israel and restart with Moses - Moses intercedes for the people - v.11 "your people...who you brought out" - v\. 11 -- 13: reminds God of his name and promises - v.14 God relent - Moses functions as a "type" of Christ - He turns away God's wrath from people like Jesus is going to for us - **Failures in the wilderness (rebellions)** - Numbers 13-14 -- the rebellion of the Spies and People - 10 of the 12 spies said that the people should not enter because they will be destroyed and that the Lord has just brought them to die in the wilderness - Would rather go back to Egypt - Moses sent men to explore the promise land  - They came back with a report that the land flowed with milk and honey, but powerful people were there - They gave the Israelites a bad report because they didn't want to fight the people  - The Israelites complained that they would rather die in Egypt - Moses and Aaron told the Israelites to not rebel against the Lord - They said the Lord will guide them through the wilderness - Lord punishes them by making Israel wonder for another 40 years and everyone 20 or older (except Calub and Joshua) - Numbers 12 - Rebellion of Mirum and Aaron against Moses - Mirum gets punished with leprosy - Numbers 16 Korah Rebellion **Deuteronomy** - **Taking God and His Word seriously** - Deut. 8 - Life in Promised Land is connected to obedience - V.11 Danger in forgetting the and not keeping commands - V.20 forgetting God = destruction - V.3 live on the word of God - V.6 keep commands by walking in obedience - V.2 remember what the Lord has done - V.1 live out the commands - Deut. 30 - Life is enjoyed by following God - V.16 If you obey = blessing, life - v.17-18 If you disobey = destruction, death - Deut. 6 -- Fear of the Lord is necessary for obedience -- reverence - Pattern of obedience - Teaching/reading of word - Hearing the Word - Fearing God - Obeying God - Heaven - **Significance of covenant blessings/curses** - **Deuteronomy 28** -- mainly focuses on curses - Consequences of disobedience - Loss of prosperity - Loss of protection - Punished like other nations - Ultimate curse: removal from Land - Meant to create fear or dread - Negative promises - 2 major categories of sin to avoid - Paganism -- pressure to follow foreign gods - Prosperity -- forget God as provider - **Importance to overall Old Testament** - Major concept: salvation through judgement - Deut. 4:31 - Curses are display, meant to restore and draw Israel back - Moses reminds the people of the law in this book and sets up base for entire OT **Overall** - **Be familiar with the main themes of each book** - **Genesis** - Creation 1:1-2:3, 2:3-2:25 - Sin and Rebellion 3 - Covenants-Abrahamic 12,15 - Election of specific families - Redeemer Promise - Protoevangelium- 3:15 - **Exodus** - The name of God and his power in creation - Desire to be know - The exodus as a redemptive event - The presence of God in Tabernacle - Introduction of the Mosaic law - **Leviticus** - Holiness of God and its implications - Place of sacrifice in worship and atonement - Israel's call to be holy - Clean/unclean and holy/common in covenant worship - **Numbers** - Moses as the mediator for Israel - Kind of a Jesus figure - God's faithfulness in spite of rebellion - Wilderness as a place of maturity/growth/testing - Development of the covenant and promises - **Deuteronomy** - Taking God and His word seriously - Love is central to our relationships with God - Perils of sin, pleasure of surrender, promise of grace - God's influence on the nation - **Comparisons between books** - - **Connections between books** - **\ ** **Other Important Things:** - **Know how themes/ideas develop across books** - **Hint: Promises of land, offspring, blessing, etc.** - **Practice interpreting and applying texts well** - **Look at how the Torah fits into the different levels of context and covenants we talked about in hermeneutics\ **