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ROLE OF A RC PRIMARY INTERVENTIONS SCOPE OF PRACTICE FOR A RC The Registered Counsellor will: Provide preventative and developmental...

ROLE OF A RC PRIMARY INTERVENTIONS SCOPE OF PRACTICE FOR A RC The Registered Counsellor will: Provide preventative and developmental Basic mental health care Manage complete sub-elements of intervention counselling services and interventions. Identifying and addressing basic causes of programs with associate interventions. problems or containing them so that it does not Screen and identify mental health challenges. Design sub-elements of intervention programmes get worse (secondary intervention). and processes. Competency in psychometric assessments that fall Psycho-education and workshops and/or training Execute less advanced, more structured within their scope of practice - reduce stress/ develop coping abilities. interventions. Screening - Mental health status. Containment of presenting difficulties. Devised and implemented presentations and Support to assist in restoring a previous /more workshops for psychoeducation and mental health adaptive level of functioning. promotion. Psycho-education and mental health promotion. FORM 258 - The following Acts fall within the scope of practice of Promotion of primary psychosocial well-being SCOPE OF A RCs: The first line of community-based psychological Working with interdisciplinary teams. RC support. Providing preventative and developmental Refer to appropriate professionsals or resources. counselling services and interventions on all system RATIONAL & PURPOSE levels. OF QUALIFICATION Performing supporting psychological interventions To produce competent, ethical and professional to enhance emotional and mental functioning. RCs who can meet the needs of South Africa Performing basic psychological screening for the To make primary psychological services purpose of mental health - to refer accordingly. available in diverse seetings. Develop preventative and edevlopmental interventions The focus of the profession is on prevention, Provide psycho-eductaionn and mental health promotion and community based care. promotion  ECOSYSTEMS THE ACT The dynamic interaction between individuals, couples, Refers to the Health Professions Act 56 of 1974 families groups, communities and societies. COMMUNITY CONTEXT FUNDAMENTAL UNDERSTANDING OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY include police and military services schools, Early Child Development Centres, NGOs, TVET An understanding of psychopathology for the purposes of Colleges, Correctional Facilities, Employee screening, identification of psychological challenges and assistance Programmes, Primary Health Care accurate referral. Centres, District Hospitals, Hospices and NPOs. PRIMARY PREVENTION Psychoeducation and mental health promotion that FORM 258 - COUNSELLING addresses relevant issues in community contexts. A planned, proactive transfer of information designed to GLOSSARY Reflective, disciplined relationship between the RC and the client based on trust, empathy,, promote and enhance psychosocial wellbeing or to equality and positive regard. reduce or prevent future harm CRISIS PSYCH COUNSELLING INTERVENTION A state of psychological turmoil in which the Screen, assess, psychological education, training and refer. person concerned feels unable to cope. SCREENING CRISIS INTERVENTION The investigation of possible disruption to clients psychological well being and early identification of mental Counselling that focuses on acute or critical health challenges. situations. MULTI-DEIMENSIONAL RC ASSESMENT PROCESSS ABILITY TEST Multiple measures include norm and criterion-based tests, Critical Reasoning Test Battery (CRTB1) (CRTB2) Figure Classification Test informal assessment interviewing and observation behaviour. General Reasoning Test Battery (GRT2) Multiple domains of functioning such as attention, cognitive Graduate Reasoning Test Battery (GRT10 and scholastic development. Paper and Pencil Games (PPG) Multiple sources from family, teachers or other professionals. LEARNING POTENTIAL TEST * Multiple settings such as school or work, on a one-to-one basis or with peers or parents. APIL Learning Potential Computerised Adaptive Test Multiple occasions to obtain relevant and valid information TRAM-1 over a period of time. TRAM - 2 PERSONALITY TEST INTELLIGENCE TEST FORM 258 - Personal, Home, Social and Formal Relations Cattell Culture Fair Intelligence Tests Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM) PSYCHOMETRIC Questionnaire School-readiness Evaluation by Trained Testers (SETT) TESTS OPP 15fq+ Jung Personality Questionnaire APPTITUDE TESTS PERSONALITY TEST General and Graduate Test Batteries General Scholastic Aptitude Test (GSAT). Career Development Questionnaire (CDQ) Aptitude for School Beginners (ASB) Nineteen Field Interest Inventory (19FII) Occupational Interest Profile (OIP) Self-Directed Search Questionnaire (SDS) STUDY HABITS TEST South African Vocational Interest Inventory (SAVII) String Interest Inventory (SII) Survey of Study Habits and Attitudes (SSHA) DEVELOPEMENTAL MEASURES SCHOLASTIC TEST Goodenough - Harris Drawing Test ESSI Reader and Spelling Tests Bender  CONFIDENTIALITY RESPECT FOR PERSONS: HCPs should treat personal/private information as confidential Clients should be respected as persons, and their worth, unless overriding reasons confer. dignity and sense of value should be acknowledged. NON-MALEFICENCE: COMPASSION HCP should not harm or act against the client's best interest. HCPs should be sensitive to and empathise with the individual and social needs of the client and seek to provide comfort and HUMAN RIGHTS support where appropriate. HCPs should recognise the human rights of all individuals. BENEFICENCE: TOLERANCE HCPs should act in the best interest of their client. GENERAL ETHICAL HCPs should respect the rights of clients to have GUIDELINES different ethical beliefs. INTEGRITY HCPs should incorporate these core ethical values and BOOK 1 JUSTICE standards as a foundation of their character. THE CORE ETHICAL VALUES HCPs should treat all individuals and groups in a fair, AND STANDARDS impartial and just manner. AUTONOMY PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE + SELF IMPROVEMENT HCPs should honour clients' right to self-determination or to HPCs should continually endeavour to attain the highest level of make their own informed choices and live their lives by their knowledge and skills. own beliefs, values and preferences. COMMUNITY TRUTHFULNESS HCPs should strive to contribute to the betterment of society in HCPs should regard truth and truthfulness as the basis of trust accordance with their professional abilities and standing in the in professional relations. community.  STEP 1 - FORMULATE THE PROBLEM STEP 4 -MAKE A MORAL ASSESSMENT Formulate the Problem: Determine whether the issue at hand Make a Moral Assessment: The ethical content of is an ethical one and see if there is a better way of each option should be weighed by asking the understanding it. following questions: What are the likely consequences of each option? What are the most important values, duties and rights? STEP 2 - GATHERING INFORMATION GENERAL ETHICAL What are the weaknesses of the correct option? GUIDELINES All relevant info must be collected - such as clinical, personal and social data. Consult authoritative How would the HPC want to be treated in this issue? sources such as these guidelines, practitioner BOOK 1 associations, and respected colleagues. HOW TO RESOLVE ETHICAL How does the HPC think the client would want to be DILLEMAS treated 4 STEP REASONING CONCLUSION Discuss your proposed solution with those affected. Act on your decision STEP 3 - CONSIDER OPTIONS Consider alternative solutions in light of the principles and Evaluate your decision and be prepared to act values they uphold. differently in the future.  WHAT IS A DUTY? A duty is an obligation to do or refrain from doing something. KINDS OF DUTIES DUTIES TO CLIENTS - BEST INTERST OR WELLBEING CONT. Natural duties: Unacquired general duties (as we are If the RC feels that their beliefs might affect the treatment they human community members). (i.e. To be fair and provide, they must explain this to their clients and inform just). them of their right to see another HCP. Not refuse or deny treatments because they believe that the Moral Obligations: General duties - Professional duty client's actions have contributed to their condition. to provide counselling Apply their mind when counselling. Respond appropriately to protect clients from any risk or harm. Institutional Duties GENERAL Respond to criticism and complaints promptly and Legal Duties: Duties imposed by the common law ETHICAL constructively. Ensure they are adequately educated/trained - to qualify: and statute law. GUIDELINES 1. Must have completed an educational program accredited by DUTIES TO CLIENTS - BEST INTERST OR WELLBEING BOOK 1 the HPCSA and inline with HPCSA guidelines for that program. HAVING DUTY AS Always regard concern for their client's best interest or well- AN REGISTERED being as their primary professional duty. COUNSELLOR Sufficiently experienced - one must: Honour the trust of their clients. 1. Have performed a minimum number of interventions Be mindful that they are in a position of power over their annually to remain proficient in line with the HPCSA. clients and avoid abusing their position. 2. Have undergone further appropriate training for new Ensure that their personal beliefs do not prejudice their clients' interventions approved by the HPCSA. health care. Beliefs that might prejudice care relate to patients race , culture, ethnicity, social status, perceved economic worth, age, gender and disability etc.  RESPECT FOR CLIENTS PATIENT CONFIDENTIALITY HCP should: HCP should: Respect the privacy, dignity and confidentiality of clients. Recognise the the right of the client to expect that HCPs Treat clients politely and with consideration. will not disclose any personal or confidential information. Listen to their clients and respect their opinions. Unless the disclosure thereof is: Avoid improper relationships with their clients and those who are 1. made following clients consent accompanying the client (for example, sexual relationships) 2. Made under a court order Guard against human rights violations of patients and do not allow, 3. required by law participate or condone any actions taht kead to violations of the rights 4. In the best interest of the client of clients Not breach confidentiality without sound reason and without the knowledge of their clients GENERAL Explain ICD-10 codes to patients and how this may break INFORMED CONSENT ETHICAL confidentiality. HCP should: GUIDELINES Give their clients the information they ask for or need about BOOK 1 their condition, its treatment and prognosis. HAVING DUTY AS Give information to their clients in the best way that they can AN REGISTERED PATIENT PARTICIPATION IN THEIR OWN HEALTHCARE COUNSELLOR understand it. (language, manner, values, beliefs). Respect the right of the patient to be fully involved in decisions Refrain from withholding any information, investigation, about their treatment and care. treatment or procedure from their clients that would be in Respect the right of patients to refuse treatment or take part in their best interest. research. Apply the principle of informed consent as an on-going Inform their patients that they have the right to seek a second practice. opinion without prejudicing their future treatment. Allow patients access to their medical records.  IMPARTIALITY AND JUSTICE REFERALL TO COLLEAGUES AND CONFLICT OF INTEREST HCPs should be aware of the rights and laws concerning unfair HCPs should: discrimination in the management of clients or their families on the Act in their client's best interest when making referrals and basis of any vulnerability. (age, race etc) arranging treatment or care. Should not ask or accept any unde inducement or incentive ACCESS TO CARE from colleagues to whom they refer clients as it may affect HCPs should: one's judgement. Promote access to health care. If they are unable to provide a Should not service as client in more than one capacity or service, they should refer the client to another HCP or to a charge fees based on more than one consultation where health care facility where the required service is accesible. HCPs are registered in more than one statutory council or (NHA) GENERAL professional board. ETHICAL WORKING WITH COLLEAGUES POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST GUIDELINES HCPs should: HPCS should: BOOK 1 Work with and respect other HCPs in the best interest of clients. Always seek to give priority to the investigation and HAVING DUTY AS Not discriminate against colleagues, including HCPs AN REGISTERED treatment of clients solely based on clinical need. COUNSELLOR applying for posts. Avoid over-servicing - refer when necessary Refrain from speaking ill of colleagues or other HCPs. Declare to their clients - verbally and displayed notice - any Not make the client doubt the knowledge or skills of financial interest they may have in institutions, diagnostic colleagues by making comments about them that cannot equipment, or the like to which they make referrals if holding be justified. such interest is permitted by the HPCSA. Support colleagues who uphold the core values and Refrain from coercing clients or their family member to standards embodied in these guidelines. provide HCP with gifts or any other undue benefit. Advise colleagues who are impaired to seek professional assistance.  DUTIES TO PATIENTS OF OTHER HCPS DUTIES TO SOCIETY - ACCESS TO SCARCE RESOURCES HCPs should: HCPs should: Act quickly to protect clients from risk due to any reason. Deal responsibly with scarce health care resources. Report violations and seek compensation in circumstances where Refrain from providing a service that is not needed. they have a good reason to believe that the client's rights are being Refrain from unnecessary wastage and from participating in an violated. improper financial arrangements. Report impaired colleagues who are a danger to the health of their clients - so that they may be provided with help to overcome their DUTIES TO SOCIETY -HEALTH CARE POLICY DEVELOPMENT impairment and prevent them from harming clients.. HCPs should: DUTY TO SELF - KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS Include ethical considerations,s legal requirements and human HCPs should: GENERAL rights in the development of health care policies. Maintain and improve the standard of their performance by keeping professional knowledge and skills up to date ETHICAL DUTIES TO HEALTH CARE PROFESSION - REPORTING MISCONDUCT throughout their working life. (CPD points) GUIDELINES HCPs should: Acknowledge the limits of their professional knowledge and BOOK 1 Report violations and seek compensation when they have good reason to believe that the client’s rights were violated. competence. HAVING DUTY AS It is in their power to protect people who report misconduct Observe and keep up to date with the laws that affect HCP in AN REGISTERED general and their practice. COUNSELLOR from victimisation or intimidation. DUTIES TO SOCIETY -ACCESS TO APPROPRIATE HEALTH DUTY TO SELF - MAINTAINING A PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE CARE HCPs should: HCPs should: Promote access to health care. Keep equipment in good working order. If unable to provide a service, refer the patient. Maintain proper hygiene in their working environment. Keep accurate and up-to-date client records.  GENERAL EXTRA ORDINARY CIRCUMSTANCES A counsellor should develop, maintain and encourage high standards A counsellor - when in an emergency, may provide psychological of professional competence to ensure clients are protected. services even if they have not been trained in this area to ensure that A counsellor should be accountable for professional actions in all the client is not denied a service. domains of their professional life. GENERAL COMPETENCY LIMITS A counsellor should develop, maintain and encourage high standards A counsellor should limit his or her practice to areas within of professional competence to ensure clients are protected. the boundaries of their competency based on their formal A counsellor should be accountable for professional actions in all education, training, supervision, etc. domains of their professional life. A counsellor should ensure that their work is based on established scientific and professional knowledge. ETHICAL AND MAINTAIN COMPETENCY PROFESSIONAL A counsellor should maintain up-to-date competency in RULES ANEX 12 PERSONAL IMPAREMENT their practice areas through CPD, consultation and other CHAPTER 1 A counsellor - who, in the opinion of the health committee, procedures in conformity with current standards. appears to be impaired as defined in the act: Shall refrain from undertaking professional activities ADDING NEW COMPETENCIES when the impairment may prevent them from doing so When a counsellor is developing a new competency that is either new professionally. to them or to the profession, they should engage in ongoing Be alert to signs of and obtain appropriate professional consultation with relevant professionals and should obtain appropriate assistance for his or her personal problems at an early education and training in the relevant area. stage. A counsellor should inform a client of the innovative nature of and See a professional to determine whether they should known risks of such a new competency so that the client may have terminate, limit or suspend their professional duties. freedom of choice concerning such services and techniques  DELEGATION OF WORK A counsellor who delegates work shall take reasonable steps: To avoid delegating such work to an individual who has multiple relationships with a client, that is likely to lead to exploitation or loss of objectivity. Authorise only those responsibilities that such a person can expect to perform competently. ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL RULES ANEX 12 USE OF INTERPRETERS CHAPTER 1 When it is clear that a client is not fluent in the counsellor's language, one can propose the use of an interpreter. An interpreter must be: 1) fluent in the two languages concerned and 2) proficient in the client's language preference. A counsellor who engages an interpreter must ensure that : 1) there are no multiple relationships and 2) that the interpreter performs the interpretation task competently.  RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND OTHERS INFORMED CONSENT TO PROFESSIONAL PROCEDURE A counsellor should respect the dignity and human with of a client In the case that a client is legally incapable of giving informed consent, and should strive to protect and preserve the client's fundamental a counsellor should: human rights. 1. Provide an appropriate explanation A counsellor should respect the right of a client to hold values, 2. Seek the client’s assent attitudes, beliefs and opinions that differ from their own. 3. Consider such client’s preferences and best interests. A counsellor should recognise a client's absolute human right to bodily 4. Obtain appropriate permission from a person legally authorised to and psychological integrity, including security in and control over their give consent if substitute consent is permitted or required by law. body and person. When psychological services are ordered by the court/ A counsellor should not coerce a client into agreeing to anything. required administratively a counsellor should: 1. Inform the client of the nature of anticipated services. INFORMED CONSENT TO PROFESSIONAL PROCEDURE ETHICAL AND 2. Appropriately document written or oral consent, When a counsellor provides a service to a client in person or PROFESSIONAL permission or assent. via electronic transmission, they should obtain written inform RULES ANEX 12 consent of the client concerned, in a language that the client CHAPTER 2 understands. UNFAIR DISCRIMIATION Informed consent requires the following from the client: A counsellor should not impose any stereotypes or behaviour, 1. Capacity to consent values or roles relating to age, belief, birth, conscience, colour, etc., 2. Provided with information concerning the activity that they on any person they have authority over. are required to participate in as well as exceptions to the A counsellor should not unfairly discriminate based on age, belief, requirement of confidentiality and monetary or other costs or birth colour, etc. or any other factor prohibited by law. remuneration. A counsellor should make every effort to ensure that the language- 3. Aware of the voluntary nature of participation appropriate and culturally appropriate services are made available 4. Has had the opportunity to ask questions. to the client at acceptable standards.  SEXUAL HARRASMENT MULTIPLE RELATIONSHIPS A counsellor should not be guilty of sexual harassment. A multiple relationships occur when a counsellor fulfils a professional role with respect to a person or organisation, but at the same time: OTEHR HARASSMENT 1. Fulfills/ fulfilled another role with the same persons/organisation A counsellor should not behave in a manner that is harassing or 2. It is in a relationship with a person/organisation closely related to the demeaning to persons with whom they interact in his or her work on client. the basis of factors such as those persons' age, belief, birth etc. 3. Promises to enter into another relationship with that person/organisation or one closely related in the future. AVOIDING HARM A counsellor should refrain from entering into a multiple relationships if A counsellor should take all reasonable steps to avoid harming it could reasonably be expected to impair the counsellor’s objectivity the persons they work with. Including harm through victimisation, harassment or coercion. ETHICAL AND CONFLICT OF INTEREST PROFESSIONAL EXPLOITIVE RELATIONSHIPS Counsellors should not exploit a person over whom they A counsellor should refrain from assuming a professional RULES ANEX 12 have supervisory, evaluative, or other authority. role when personal, professional, legal, scientific, financial or CHAPTER 2 other interests or relationships could be expected to: 1. Impair his/her objectivity, competence or effectiveness in performing their functions as a counsellor; COOPERATION WITH OTHER PROFESSIONALS 2. Expose the client concerned to harm/exploitation. Where indicated and professionally appropriate, a counsellor should: 1. Cooperate with such professionals as approved by the board to THIRD-PARTY REQUESTS FOR SERVICE serve their clients effectively and appropriately 2. Arrange for appropriate consultations and referrals based on the When a counsellor agrees to render services to a client at the request of a third best interest of the client, subject to such consent and relevant party, the counsellor should clarify the outset of such service and the nature of considerations as may be appropriate including the applicable the relationship with each person. Clarification should include role of counsellor, legal and contractual obligations. probable uses of service provided and confidentiality.  INTERRUPTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES DELEGATION AND SUPERVISION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES A counsellor should not abandon a client by terminating the 1. A counsellor should not delegate professional responsibilities to any professional relationship prematurely or abruptly but should: person who is not qualified to assume such responsibilities. 1. Make appropriate arrangements for another psychologist/counsellor 2. A counsellor may delegate to a supervised, with the appropriate level to deal with a client's needs in the event of an emergency during the of supervision. foreseeable absence. 3. In order to perform the responsibilities in rule no. 2, a supervisee should 2. Make a reasonable effort to plan for continuity of service if such service have education and traing that was accredited by the board, including is interrupted by factors such as the counsellor's illness, death, taining in ethical issues. unavailability, relocation or limitations of the client. 4. A counsellor should be responsible for determining the competency of the supervisee and should not delegate tasks beyond the scope of the training. INTERRUPTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES 5.A counsellor should be responsible for providing A counsellor who renders psychological services through an ETHICAL AND supervisees with specific instructions regarding the limits organisation should in advance, provide a client with PROFESSIONAL of their role. information about: RULES ANEX 12 6.A supervisee should fully inform a client receiving psychological services of their status as a supervisee and 1. The nature and objectives of the psychological services CHAPTER 2 2. The relationship between the counsellor and every individual affected of the right of the client to confer with the supervising psychologist about any aspect of the psychological by the psychological service services being performed. 3. The uses to which the psychological information provided by the client 7. When a clinical psychological service is rendered, a psychologist will be put should: 4. The persons that will have access to the information referred to in no Take part in the psychological intake process 3. Personally, make a diagnosis when a diagnosis is required 5. Exceptions to the requirement of confidentiality. Personally approve a treatment plan for each client. 8. A counsellor should , ona continuous and regualr basis, personally meet with the supervisee concerning each client and review the treatment record.  RIGHTS TO CONFIDENTIALITY DISCLOSURES A counsellor should safeguard confidential information obtained A counsellor may disclose confidential information: during their practice, teaching and research or other professional 1. Only with the permission of the client concerned. duties. 2. When permitted by law to do so for a legitimate purpose A counsellor may disclose confidential information to other persons 3. To appropriate professionals and then for strictly professional purposes only with the written informed consent of client concerned. only. 4. To protect a client or other persons from harm. EXCEPTIONS TO THE REQUIREMENT OF CONFIDENTIALITY 5. To obtain payment for psychological service, disclosure is limited to the A counsellor is obliged to discuss with persons and organisations with minimum necessary to achieve that purpose. whom they establish a scientific or professional relationship the When required to do so by law or a court of law, a counsellor should exceptions to the requirement of confidentiality. disclose the the confidential information so required AINTERRUPTION counsellor should,OF unless it is contraindicated, PSYCHOLOGICAL discuss SERVICES ETHICAL AND confidentiality at the outset of the relationship and thereafter, MULTIPLE CLIENTS as new circumstances warrant discussion. PROFESSIONAL When more than one client is provided with a A counsellor should, prior to doing so, obtain permisison from RULES ANEX 12 psychological service during a joint session, a counsellor the client concerned to record interviews electronically and shall at the beginning of the professional relationship, CHAPTER 3 inform them of the risk of breach of privacy/confidentiality PRIVACY, clarify to all parties the manner in which confidentiality will be CONFIDENTIALITY A counsellor should, when engaging in electronically transmitted AND handled RECORDS services, ensure privacy and confidentiality are maintained and inform All clients referred to above shall be given the opportunity to discuss clients of measures taken to ensure so. with the counsellor what information is to remain confidential. A counsellor should not withhold information from a client who is entitled to that information, provided it does not violate the right to confidentiality of another person. LIMITS ON INVASION OF PRIVACY A counsellor may, in any report or consultation with a third party disclose such information that is relevant to the purpose.  LEGALLY DEPENDANT CLEINTS PROFESSIONAL CONSULTATIONS When a counsellor renders professional psychological services as part A counsellor should bear in mind that a child’s best interests is of of a team, or when they interact with other professionals concerning paramount importance in the provision of psychological services. the welfare of a client, they may share confidential information about A counsellor should take special care when dealing with a client aged that client with such team members - it must be informed of a 14 or younger. confidential nature. A counsellor should, at the beginning of a professional relationship, When consulting with colleagues, counsellors must: inform the child or client who has a legal guardian of the limits the law 1. Not disclose confidential information that could ID the client - unless: imposes on the child rights to confidentiality They have obtain prior written consent from the person The disclosure cannot be avoided. RELEASE OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 2.May disclose info only to the extent necessary. A counsellor shall release confidential information when ordered to do so by a court of law or when required to do so ETHICAL AND MAINTENANCE, DISSEMINATION AND KEEPING OF by law or when authorised to do so inwriting by the client PROFESSIONAL RECORDS A counsellor shall create, maintain, store, disseminate concerend or legal guard/parent of a minor. RULES ANEX 12 and retain records nad data relating to their scientific REPORTING ABUSE OF CHILDREN AND VULNERABLE ADULTS CHAPTER 3 and professional work in order to: PRIVACY, 1. Faciliate the efficacious provision of services by the or another A counsellor should, in terms of any relevant law or by virtue of CONFIDENTIALITY AND professional. professional responsibility, report the abuse of any child or vulnerable RECORDS 2. Allow for replication of research design and analysis adult. 3. Meeting institutional requirements. DISGUISING CONFIDENTIAL INFO FOR EDUCATION 4. Ensure accuracy of billing and payments. A counsellor may not disclose in their writing or lectures or in any public 5. Facilitate subsequent professional intervention or inquiry. way, confidential or identifiable information of a client unless: 6. Ensure compliance with all applicable legal provisions They have taken the reasonable steps to disguise the identity og the A counsellor shall maintain confidentiality in creating, storing, client or organisation. transferring and disposing of recors under their control. Such client or organisation has consented to the disclosure in writing There is other ethical or legal authorisation to do so  AGREEMENT ABOUT FEES WITH-HOLDING INFO, REPORTS OR RECORDS OWING TO NO PAY A counsellor may not, on the grounds of non-payment of fees, withhold A counsellor and client should negotiate a fee as early as is feasible in a information, reports or records under his or her control which are professional or scientific relationship. required for the treatment of the client concerned or for any court action. OVERCHARGING ACCOUNT ITEMISATION A counsellor shall not exploit users of psychological services or payers A counsellor should submit billing claims to third-party funders which with regard to fees. clearly state the name of the person who provided the services. When a counsellor supervises another professional who primarily provided ACCURACY IN BILLING the service, the itemised bill/reimbursement form should contain A counsellor should nit misrepresent their fees, nor bull for a counsellor's signature as a supervisor and the other as service provider psychological service partially rendered or not rendered at all. ETHICAL AND BARTER WITH CLIENTS PROFESSIONAL A counsellor may barter only if: LIMITATIONS 1. It is not professionally contraindicated. If limitations on the provisions of psychological services are RULES ANEX 12 2. The resulting arrangement is not exploitive. anticipated because of financial limitations, a counsellor CHAPTER 4 3. It is the clients only mode of remuneration for the FEES AND should discuss such limitations with the client concerned. FINANCIAL psychological service provided. ARRANGEMENTS WITHHOLDING OF EMERGENCY SERVICES COLLECTION OF OUTSTANDING FEES A counsellor shall not withhold emergency psychological services If a client does not pay for psychological services as agreed with the because the client is unable to guarantee remuneration for such counsellor concerned - A counsellor can use a collection agency or take services legal steps to collect any outstanding fees. They should first inform the client of the measures that will be taken. A counsellor should only use a collection agent who is reputable and registered in terms of the Debt Collectors Act (1998).  ASSESSMENT IN PROFESSIONAL CONTEXT APPROPRIATE USE OF ASSESSMENT METHODS A counsellor who develops, administers, scores interprets etc. shall: A counsellor may perform evaluation services only in the context of a 1. Do so in a manner and for a purpose that is appropriate in the light of the defined professional relationship. research or evidence of the usefulness and proper application of such Assessments, recommendations, reports or evaluative statements by a assessment methods. counsellor should be based on info and techniques sufficient to 2. Refrain from misusing assessment techniques, interventions, results and substantiate their findings. interpretations and take all steps to prevent others from misusing A counsellor may provide an opinion on the psychological characteristics information. of a client only after they have conducted an examination that is professionally adequate to support findings. INFORMED CONSENT IN ASSESSMENTS When, despite reasonable efforts, an examination referred to above is 1. A counsellor should obtain written, informed consent of a client to assess not practical, a counsellor should document the efforts made and 2. The written informed consent referred to in No. 1 shall should state the impact of their findings, taking into account limits on reliability and validity. ETHICAL AND contain the following: When a group assessment is conducted, the counsellor shall PROFESSIONAL Personal details of the client declare the limits to their findings, taking into account that RULES ANEX 12 The exact nature of the psychological service Any limits inherent to providing psychological services to “limits” implies that the score of the group has less reliability CHAPTER 5 ASSESSMENT the client and validity than an individual score. ACTIVITIES 3. Written informed consent as contemplated in No.1, is not necessary When a counsellor conducts a review of records and the when: examination of the client is not warranted or necessary to give Testing is a legal requirement an opinion, the counsellor shall declare the limits to their Informed consent is implied - testing is routine findings. The purpose of testing is to evaluate decision-making/mental When an electronic or other indirect assessment is used, the incapacity counsellor concerned shall declare this and limit the nature 4. A counsellor shall inform a client with questionable capacity to consent and the extent of their findings. or for whom testing is required by law, of the nature and purpose of the proposed assessment services, using a language understood by cleint.  INFORMED CONSENT IN ASSESSMENTS CONT... CULTURAL DIVERSITY 5. A) A counsellor, when using the services of an interpreter, obtains the A counsellor who performs interventions or administers, scores, interprets informed consent of the client to use the interpreter and shall take or uses assessment methods shall: reasonable steps to ensure confidentiality and shall discuss any Be familiar with the reliability, validation and related standardisation or limitations obtained. outcome studies. B)A counsellor shall remain cognisant of the limits to data obtained via Recognise limits to the certainty with which diagnoses, findings or the use of an interpreter and frame their recommendations predictions can be made about individuals, especially when linguistic, accordingly. cultural and socio-economic variances exist. 6. A counsellor shall, when conducting automated or internet-based Identify situations in which a particular assessment method or norm testing, obtain the informed consent of the client, and shall: may not be applicable or may require adjustment in administration, Ensure that they confidentiality of the test results and the test security scoring and interpretation becaise of age, race, sex etc. are maintained Discuss with client any limitations of data obtained. ETHICAL AND TEST DEVELOPEMENT PROFESSIONAL INFORMATION FOR PROFESSIONAL USERS A counsellor who develops and conducts research with tests RULES ANEX 12 A counsellor who offers an assessment procedure or CHAPTER 5 automated interpretation service to another and other assessment methods shall use scientific ASSESSMENT professional must conduct such service following the procedures and current professional knowledge for test ACTIVITIES best-practice guidelines for psychometry applicable. design, standardisation, validation, reduction or elimination of A counsellor shall explicitly state the purpose and application for bias and recommendation for use. which the procedure is recommended, identify any special COMMUNICATION OF RESULTS qualifications required to assess properly, and ensure that any advertised moments of the assessment procedure or interpretative A counsellor shall ensure that the communication of results of service are factual and descriptive. assessment procedures to the client, parent, or legal guardian is accompanied by adequate interpretative aids or explanations as necessary.  INTERPRETING ASSESSMENT RESULTS TEST SCORING AND INTERPRETATION SCORES 2. Select scoring and interpretation services based on evidence of the validity When a counsellor interpret assessment results, they must consider and reliability of the programme and procedures, as well as other appropriate the various test factors and characteristics of clients being assessed, considerations. such as situational, personal, linguistic, and cultural differences that 3. Retain responsibility for the appropriate safety, administration, application, might affect the client’s judgements and reduce the validity of the interpretation and use of assessment instruments, whether they administers,s counsellor’s interpretations. cores and interprets such tests himself or herself or uses automated or other A counsellor should indicate any significant reservations he or she services. may have about the accuracy of their interpretations. RELEASE OF TEST DATA EXPLAINING ASSESSMENT RESULTS psychologist may release test started to another counsellor or any Unless the nature of the relationship is clearly explained in advance to qualified professional by virtue of informed written consent by the client being assessed by the counsellor concerned and client. A counsellor may not release a test starter to a precludes explaining the results, the counsellor must ensure that ETHICAL AND person who is not qualified to use such information the explanation of the results is given in a language understood by the client. PROFESSIONAL except: 1. As required by law or a court order Regardless of whether the administration, scoring, and RULES ANEX 12 2. By virtue of informed written consent by the client concerned interpretation of tests are done by a counsellor or by others working with or CHAPTER 5 ASSESSMENT 3. To the client is concerned under such a counsellor or by automated other outside services, the ACTIVITIES a counsellor may refrain from releasing test data counsellor concerned shall take all reasonable steps to ensure that referred to in no. 2 to protect their client from harm appropriate explanations or results are given OBSOLETE TESTS AND OUTDATED TEST RESULTS TEST SCORING AND INTERPRETATION SCORES A counsellor shall not base: 1. Their assessments were intervention decisions or recommendation A counsellor who offers assessment or scoring procedures to other on data from test results that were updated professionals: 2. Such a decision or recommendation on tests and measures that are 1. Accurately describe the purpose, norms, validity, reliability and applications obsolete and not useful for the current purpose but should ensure of the procedures and any special qualifications applicable to their use, that test use has been classified by the board, not the provisions of any provided that the counsellor explicitly states limitations and norms applicable legislation have been complied with  INFORMED CONSENT TO THERAPY COUPLES OR FAMILY THERAPY When obtaining informed consent to therapy as required in standard When a counsellor agrees to render psychological services to two or more informed consent forms, the counsellor shall, as early as feasible in the people who have a relationship, the counsellor must therapeutic relationship, provide the client with appropriate 1. Clarify at the outset which of the individuals are clients and the relationship information, including information about the nature and anticipated such counsellor will have with each person course of therapy fees, the involvement of third parties, and 2. May be called on to perform potentially conflicting roles, such as a family confidentiality and when: therapist and then as a witness in divorce proceedings 1. Obtaining informed consent for treatment involving emerging areas 3. Shall clarify and modify or withdraw from roles when appropriate in which generally recognised techniques and procedures have not The clarification referred to in sub-rule one includes the counsellor's role been established; the council shall notify the client of the and the probable use of the counsellor services provided all the information developmental nature of the treatment, potential risks involved in obtained. alternative therapies that may be available, and the voluntary nature of the clients participation. ETHICAL AND THERAPY FOR THOSE SERVED BY OTHERS In deciding to render psychological services to those 2. The counsellor is a trainee and the legal responsibility for the PROFESSIONAL already receiving mental health services, the counsellor treatment provided besides with the supervisor, the client shall as part of the informed consent procedure, be informed that the RULES ANEX 12 shall carefully consider the treatment issues and the potential client’s welfare CHAPTER 6 therapist is in training and being supervised, and the client shall be THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITIES Counsellor should discuss the issues contemplated above with the given the name of the supervisor potential client or the legally authorised person of such client to minimise the risk of confusion and conflict SEXUAL INTIMACY WITH CURRENT THERAPY CLIENTS GROUP THERAPY A counsellor should not engage engaged in any sexual intimacy of When a counsellor provides psychological services to several people in a any nature with a current client. group setting the counsellor shall describe the roles and responsibilities of all parties and any exceptions to the requirements of confidentiality. SEXUAL INTIMACY WITH RELATIVES OR SIGNIFICANT OTHERS INTERRUPTION OF PROFESSIONAL SERVICES OF CLIENTS When entering into employment or contractual relationships or third-party payers are involved a counsellor shall take all reasonable steps to provide for A counsellor does not engage in sexual intimacy with an individual they the orderly and appropriate resolution of their responsibility for client care in know to be the parent, guardian, or spouse significance of a child or the event that the employment of contractor relationship ends with sibling of a current client. paramount consideration given to the welfare of the clients. A counsellor should not terminate therapy to avoid the prohibition mentioned above. TERMINATING PROFESSIONAL SERVICES A council shall terminate professional services, inclusive of THERAPY FOR FORMAL SEXUAL PARTNERS therapy for a client, when it becomes reasonably clear that a counsellor shall not accept as a client any person with whom they the client no longer needs the service concerned and is not have engaged in sexual intimacy likely to benefit from always being harmed by continuing SEXUAL INTIMACY WITH FORMER CLIENTS ETHICAL AND that service. A counsellor shall not engage in sexual intimacy with former PROFESSIONAL Counsellors may terminate services when threatened or endangered in any way by a client or another person with clients for at least 24 months after termination of the professional relationship, bearing in mind that all relevant factors including: RULES ANEX 12 whom that client has a relationship in which CHAPTER 6 circumstances, careful thought should be given to an 1. the period of time that has elapsed since the professional relationship was THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITIES appropriate referral or disposition plan. terminated Except where precluded by the actions of a client or third- 2. the nature, duration and intensity of the professional relationship party payer a counsellor should, before termination 3. the circumstances of the termination of the professional relationship provide pre-termination counselling and suggest 4. clients personal history alternative service providers, if appropriate. 5. the client's current mental status 6. the likelihood of an adverse effect on the client 7. any statement made or action taken by the counsellor in the course of the professional relationship suggesting or inviting the possibility of a post-termination sexual or romantic relationship with the client  COMPETENCE CONFLICTING ROLES A counsellor who performs psycho–legal functions such as assessment A counsellor should avoid performing multiple and potentially conflicting interviews, consultations, reports or expert testimony shall comply with roles in psycho-legal matters all the provisions of these rules to the extent that they apply to such When a counsellor may be called onto to serve in more than one role in activities legal proceedings, they should in advance and to the extent feasible clarify counsellor should base their psycho-legal work on appropriate their role, expectations and any exceptions to the requirements of knowledge of and competence in the areas underlying such work confidentiality to avoid compromising their professional judgement and objectivity BASIS FOR PSYCHO – LEGAL OPINION a counsellor shall ensure that psycho – legal assessment CONFLICTING ROLES recommendations and reports are based on information and A counsellor should be aware of the conflicting demands techniques sufficient to provide appropriate substantiation to the made on them by the code and the requirements of the finding ETHICAL AND court system and should attempt to resolve such conflict QUALIFIED OPINIONS PROFESSIONAL by making known their commitment to these rules and by taking steps to resolve such conflict in a responsible A counsellor may provide written or oral psycho–legal reports or RULES ANEX 12 manner. testimony about the psychological characteristics of a client only CHAPTER 7 PRIOR RELATIONSHIPS after they have conducted an examination of the client, which is PSYCHO – LEGAL ACTIVITIES A prior professional relationship with a client should not preclude a adequate to support their findings. counsellor from testifying as a witness on the facts to the extent TRUTHFULNESS AND CANDOUR permitted by the law. A counsellor should take into account the ways in which a prior In psycho–legal testimony and reports, a counsellor should: relationship may affect their professional objectivity or opinion and 1. Testify truthfully, honestly and candidly and in a manner consistent with disclose the potential conflict to the attorney or proceeding officer. the applicable legal procedures 2. Describe fairly, the basis for the testimony and conclusions  STATEMENTS BY OTHERS ACCURACY IN PROFESSIONAL REPRESENTATION A counsellor who engages others to create or place a public statement that A counsellor should not misrepresent his or her professional promotes their professional practice, products or activities shall retain professional qualifications regarding education experience or areas of competence. responsibilities for such statements and: A counsellor should not make false, deceptive, of fraudulent 1. should not compensate employees of the price, radio, television or other statements concerning: communication media in return for publicity in a news item 1. Their education and training, experience or competence 2. If a paid advertisement pertaining to psychological services rendered by that 2. Their academic and professional qualifications counsellor is published, such services must be identified or be clearly 3. The clinical scientific basis for all the results or degree of success of their recognisable unless such services are already apparent from the context of the psychological services advert 4. Their credentials 3. when a psychologist provides advice or comments using public lecture- 5. Their institutional association or professional society affiliations demonstration etc. They should take all responsible precautions to: 6. The psychological services they provide such advice or comment is based on appropriate psychological 7. Their fees ETHICAL AND literature and practice and is consistent with these rules 8. Their publications or research findings PROFESSIONAL the recipients of such advice or comments are not encouraged to infer that a personal relationship has been A counsellor may claim a qualification as a credential for their psychological services only if such qualification: RULES ANEX 12 established between the counsellor concerned and them CHAPTER 8 DESCRIPTION OF WORKSHOPS AND EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS ACTIVITIES AND 1. What's obtained from a nationally accredited institution RESPECT OF A counsellor associated with an announcement which describes a ADVERTISING AND 2. Formed the basis for their registration with the board OTHER PUBLIC workshop for non-degree purposes shouldn't ensure that the STATEMENTS announcement describes the following: IN – PERSON SOLICITATION 1. The audience for which such a workshop is intended Should not engage, directly or through an agent, in uninvited in – person 2. The educational objectives solicitation of business from actual potential clients because of their 3. The presenter particular circumstances, are vulnerable to undue influence. 4. The fees involved The prohibition contained above does not preclude a counsellor from: 5. The restrictions on practice 1. attempting to establish appropriate collateral contacts The workshop should not create any impression with a person not 2. providing emergency, disaster or community outreach registered with the council that the W/S will lead to registration.  STUDENT OR TRAINEE DISCLOSURES DESIGN OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMS a counsellor should not require a student, supervise or trainee to disclose, either A counsellor responsible for an educational training program should Orlie or in writing, personal information regarding the sexual history, history of seek to assure that such program is competently design designed and abuse or neglect, psychological treatment, or a relationship with appearance, provide provides for proper education and training and meet the peer, or spouse except if such information is necessary to evaluate or obtain requirements for competency which claims to provide and meet assistance for such student, supervise or trainee. DESCRIPTIONS OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMS MANDATORY INDIVIDUAL, GROUP THERAPY OR EXPERIENTIAL ACTIVITIES A counsellor responsible for an education and training program should A counsellor should not impose individual or group therapy on any trainee provide a current and accurate description of the program content, students as a mandatory program requirement training goals and objectives and should set objective requirements that individual or group therapy is recommended in a program, the counsellor must be made for entrance into satisfactory completion of the program. should allow a student, supervise or trainee the option of: The counsellor concern should ensure that the description of the Withdrawing from such therapy program content, training goals and objectives and the objective ETHICAL AND Selecting similar therapy outside the program requirements referred to are readily available to all interested PROFESSIONAL ASSESSING PERFORMANCE parties RULES ANEX 12 In an academic and supervisory relationship, a counsellor ACCURACY AND OBJECTIVITY IN TEACHING CHAPTER 9 should establish an appropriate process for providing TEACHING TRAINING AND SUPERVISION feedback to a student students, supervise or trainee and the When engaged in teaching or training, a counsellor should: counsellor should evaluate such student on the basis of the 1. Present psychological information accurately and with a reasonable actual performance on relevant and established program degree of objectivity requirements 2. Recognise the power they hold over students supervises, and trainees and should therefore make every reasonable effort to avoid engaging SEXUAL INTIMACY WITH STUDENTS in conduct that is demeaning to such people and shouldn't ensure that A counsellor should not engage in any sexual relationship with the student the constitutional rights of such people are upheld who is in their department agency or training Centre or over whom the counsellor is likely to have evaluative authority.  INFORMED CONSENT TO RESEARCH COMPLIANCE WITH LAW AND STANDARDS A counsellor should use language that is reasonably understandable to the A counsellor should plan and conduct research in a manner consistent research participant in obtaining their informed consent. with the law and with internationally acceptable standards for the informed consent referred to above should be appropriately documented, and conduct of research, in particular those national and international in obtaining such consent the counsellor should: standard to research with human participants and animal subjects. 1. informed the participants of the nature of the research 2. inform the participant that they are free to participate or decline to participate or INSTITUTIONAL APPROVAL withdraw A counsellor should: 3. explain the foreseeable consequences of declining or withdrawing 1. obtain retain approval from the host institutional organisation concerned 4. inform the participants of significant factors that may be expected to influence prior to conducting research his or her willingness to participate 2. provide the host institutional organisation with accurate information 5. explain any other matters about which the participant enquiries about their research proposal 6. when research participation is a course requirements or 3. conductor research in accordance with the research protocol ETHICAL AND opportunity for extra credit, give a participant the choice of approved by the institutional organisation concerned PROFESSIONAL 7. in the case of a person who is legally incapable of giving an equitable alternative activities. RULES ANEX 12 informed consent nevertheless: RESEARCH RESPONSIBILITIES CHAPTER 10 Provide an appropriate explanation RESEARCH AND Prior to conducting research, a counsellor should enter, with every PUBLICATION Obtain the participants assent. participant, into an agreement that sets out the nature of the research Obtain appropriate permission from a person legally and responsibilities of each pa