Podcast
Questions and Answers
Under what condition can a counsellor use a qualification as a credential for their psychological services?
Under what condition can a counsellor use a qualification as a credential for their psychological services?
What is the critical requirement when a paid advertisement for psychological services is published by a counsellor?
What is the critical requirement when a paid advertisement for psychological services is published by a counsellor?
When providing psychological advice in a public lecture, what primary precaution should a psychologist take concerning the basis of their advice?
When providing psychological advice in a public lecture, what primary precaution should a psychologist take concerning the basis of their advice?
In public lectures or demonstrations, what crucial step should a psychologist undertake to manage audience perception regarding personal relationships?
In public lectures or demonstrations, what crucial step should a psychologist undertake to manage audience perception regarding personal relationships?
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Which aspect of a counsellor's professional background is explicitly mentioned as permissible to be claimed as a credential for their psychological services?
Which aspect of a counsellor's professional background is explicitly mentioned as permissible to be claimed as a credential for their psychological services?
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According to the provided ethical rules, what is considered a potentially justifiable claim related to the 'results or degree of success' of psychological services?
According to the provided ethical rules, what is considered a potentially justifiable claim related to the 'results or degree of success' of psychological services?
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Among the listed items, which one directly pertains to the counsellor's operational charges rather than their professional background or service nature?
Among the listed items, which one directly pertains to the counsellor's operational charges rather than their professional background or service nature?
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What is the most precise interpretation of 'institutional association or professional society affiliations' within the context of counsellor credentials?
What is the most precise interpretation of 'institutional association or professional society affiliations' within the context of counsellor credentials?
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According to the provided text, under what conditions can a counselor share test interpretations with automated or outside services?
According to the provided text, under what conditions can a counselor share test interpretations with automated or outside services?
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If a counselor uses automated or outside services for test interpretation, who bears the ultimate responsibility for ensuring appropriate explanation of results?
If a counselor uses automated or outside services for test interpretation, who bears the ultimate responsibility for ensuring appropriate explanation of results?
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In what circumstance can a counselor withhold test data from the client?
In what circumstance can a counselor withhold test data from the client?
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What is the counselor's responsibility regarding the scoring procedures offered to other professionals?
What is the counselor's responsibility regarding the scoring procedures offered to other professionals?
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What are the stipulations regarding outdated or obsolete test results in counseling assessments?
What are the stipulations regarding outdated or obsolete test results in counseling assessments?
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What is a key focus of the psychological profession as described?
What is a key focus of the psychological profession as described?
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Which type of setting is explicitly mentioned as a place where services can be provided?
Which type of setting is explicitly mentioned as a place where services can be provided?
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How is the understanding of psychopathology utilized?
How is the understanding of psychopathology utilized?
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Which of the following is not a function of psychological interventions as outlined?
Which of the following is not a function of psychological interventions as outlined?
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What is the primary purpose of performing psychological screenings?
What is the primary purpose of performing psychological screenings?
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What group is NOT specifically mentioned as part of the community context in the content?
What group is NOT specifically mentioned as part of the community context in the content?
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What legislative framework governs the profession mentioned in the content?
What legislative framework governs the profession mentioned in the content?
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Which of the following best describes 'primary prevention' in the context provided?
Which of the following best describes 'primary prevention' in the context provided?
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What is a critical consideration for a counsellor when proposing the use of an interpreter?
What is a critical consideration for a counsellor when proposing the use of an interpreter?
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What should a counsellor avoid when delegating work to someone with a client?
What should a counsellor avoid when delegating work to someone with a client?
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Why must a counsellor recognise a client's absolute human right to bodily autonomy?
Why must a counsellor recognise a client's absolute human right to bodily autonomy?
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What should a counsellor do if a client cannot legally provide informed consent?
What should a counsellor do if a client cannot legally provide informed consent?
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What is the significance of avoiding multiple relationships between an interpreter and a client?
What is the significance of avoiding multiple relationships between an interpreter and a client?
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Which value should a counsellor uphold when engaging with clients holding different personal beliefs?
Which value should a counsellor uphold when engaging with clients holding different personal beliefs?
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In what scenario is it necessary for a counsellor to take extra steps in securing consent?
In what scenario is it necessary for a counsellor to take extra steps in securing consent?
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When delegating responsibilities, how should a counsellor determine which tasks to assign?
When delegating responsibilities, how should a counsellor determine which tasks to assign?
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What must a counsellor ensure when providing an assessment procedure to another professional?
What must a counsellor ensure when providing an assessment procedure to another professional?
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What should a counsellor identify when recommending an assessment procedure?
What should a counsellor identify when recommending an assessment procedure?
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What approach should a counsellor take to test design and validation?
What approach should a counsellor take to test design and validation?
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What is essential for communicating assessment results to clients or guardians?
What is essential for communicating assessment results to clients or guardians?
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What should a counsellor prioritize when reducing or eliminating test bias?
What should a counsellor prioritize when reducing or eliminating test bias?
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What is a key component of interpreting assessment results properly?
What is a key component of interpreting assessment results properly?
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Which statement best describes a counsellor's ethical responsibility in test scoring?
Which statement best describes a counsellor's ethical responsibility in test scoring?
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In what situation must a counsellor state the purpose and application of an assessment procedure?
In what situation must a counsellor state the purpose and application of an assessment procedure?
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When conducting research with human participants, what legal and ethical standards should a counselor adhere to?
When conducting research with human participants, what legal and ethical standards should a counselor adhere to?
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Prior to conducting research, what approval must a counselor secure?
Prior to conducting research, what approval must a counselor secure?
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Which of the following describes a counselor's responsibility regarding informed consent?
Which of the following describes a counselor's responsibility regarding informed consent?
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When research participation is a course requirement, a counselor should:
When research participation is a course requirement, a counselor should:
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What information should be included in the informed consent process?
What information should be included in the informed consent process?
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After obtaining informed consent, how should it be documented?
After obtaining informed consent, how should it be documented?
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If a research participant wishes to withdraw from a study, what is the counselor's responsibility?
If a research participant wishes to withdraw from a study, what is the counselor's responsibility?
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What constitutes accurate information provided to the host institutional organization about a research proposal?
What constitutes accurate information provided to the host institutional organization about a research proposal?
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Flashcards
Psychological Interventions
Psychological Interventions
Supportive actions aimed at enhancing mental and emotional functioning.
Basic Psychological Screening
Basic Psychological Screening
Initial assessment to identify mental health issues for appropriate referrals.
Community-Based Care
Community-Based Care
Health services provided in local settings to promote mental health.
Health Professions Act
Health Professions Act
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Understanding Psychopathology
Understanding Psychopathology
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Primary Prevention
Primary Prevention
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Psychoeducation
Psychoeducation
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Community Context
Community Context
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Delegation of Work
Delegation of Work
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Multiple Relationships
Multiple Relationships
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Interpreter Requirements
Interpreter Requirements
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Using Interpreters
Using Interpreters
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Informed Consent
Informed Consent
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Client's Rights
Client's Rights
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Assent from Client
Assent from Client
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Human Rights in Counseling
Human Rights in Counseling
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Test Development
Test Development
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Best-Practice Guidelines
Best-Practice Guidelines
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Interpretative Aids
Interpretative Aids
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Purpose of Assessment
Purpose of Assessment
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Test Scoring
Test Scoring
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Communication of Results
Communication of Results
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Psychometry
Psychometry
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Assessment Procedure
Assessment Procedure
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Test Interpretation
Test Interpretation
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Confidentiality in Counseling
Confidentiality in Counseling
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Counselor's Responsibility
Counselor's Responsibility
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Outdated Test Data
Outdated Test Data
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Qualifications
Qualifications
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Ethical Advertising
Ethical Advertising
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Public Commentary
Public Commentary
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Fee Transparency
Fee Transparency
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Responsible Advice
Responsible Advice
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Service Identification
Service Identification
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Institutional Affiliation
Institutional Affiliation
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Public Demonstrations
Public Demonstrations
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Compliance with Standards
Compliance with Standards
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Research Documentation
Research Documentation
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Institutional Approval
Institutional Approval
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Participant Freedom
Participant Freedom
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Consequences of Withdrawal
Consequences of Withdrawal
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Significant Factors in Research
Significant Factors in Research
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Course Requirement Participation
Course Requirement Participation
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Study Notes
Role of a Registered Counsellor (RC)
- Provide preventative and developmental counselling and interventions
- Screen and identify mental health challenges
- Competent in psychometric assessments within their scope of practice
- Support to assist in restoring functioning
- Psycho-education and mental health promotion
- Promotion of primary psychosocial well-being
- Work with interdisciplinary teams
- Refer to appropriate professionals or resources
Primary Interventions
- Basic mental health care
- Identifying and addressing problems or containing them from getting worse (secondary intervention)
- Psycho-education, workshops and training
- Reduce stress and develop coping abilities
- Screening for mental health status
Scope of Practice for a RC
- Manage complete intervention programmes with associate interventions
- Design elements of programmes and processes
- Execute less advanced, more structured interventions
- Design and implement psychoeducation presentations and workshops
- The following Acts fall within the scope of practice of RCs:
- First line of community-based psychological support
- Provide preventative and developmental counselling
- Performing supporting psychological interventions to enhance functioning
- Basic psychological screening to refer accordingly
- Develop preventative interventions
- Provide psychoeducation and mental health promotion
Ecosystems
- Dynamic interaction between individuals, couples, families, groups, communities, and societies
Fundamental Understanding of Psychopathology
- Understanding of psychopathology for the purpose of screening, identification of challenges, and accurate referral
Primary Prevention
- Psychoeducation and mental health promotion addressing relevant community issues
- Proactive transfer of information to promote well-being or prevent harm
Glossary - Counselling
- Reflective, disciplined relationship between the RC and client, based on trust, empathy, equality, and positive regard
Glossary - Crisis
- State of psychological turmoil where the person feels unable to cope
Glossary - Crisis Intervention Counselling
- Counselling focusing on acute or critical situations
Multi-dimensional RC Assessment Process
- Multiple measures (norm and criterion-based tests, informal assessments, interviewing, and observations)
- Multiple domains of functioning (attention, cognitive, and scholastic development)
- Multiple sources (family, teachers, or professionals)
- Multiple settings (school, work, one-on-one, or with peers or parents)
- Multiple occasions to obtain relevant, valid information
Intelligence Tests
- Cattell Culture Fair Intelligence Tests
- Raven's Progressive Matrices
- School-readiness Evaluation by Trained Testers (SETT)
Aptitude Tests
- General and Graduate Tests
- General Scholastic Aptitude Test (GSAT)
- Aptitude for School Beginners (ASB)
Study Habits Test
- Survey of Study Habits and Attitudes (SSHA)
Scholastic Tests
- ESSI Reader and Spelling Tests
Ability Tests
- Critical Reasoning Test Battery (CRTBI or CRTB2)
- Figure Classification Test
- General Reasoning Test Battery (GRT2)
- Graduate Reasoning Test Battery (GRT10)
- Paper and Pencil Games (PPG)
- APIL
Learning Potential Tests
- Learning Potential Computerised Adaptive Test
- TRAM-1
- TRAM-2
Personality Tests
- Personal, Home, Social, & Formal Relations Questionnaire
- Jung Personality Questionnaire
- Career Development Questionnaire (CDQ)
- Nineteen Field Interest Inventory (19FII)
- Occupational Interest Profile (OIP)
- South African Vocational Interest Inventory (SAVII)
- Strong Interest Inventory (SII)
Developmental Measures
- Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test
- Bender
Respect for Persons
- Respect individuals' worth, dignity, and sense of value
- Acknowledge clients' rights to self-determination
Non-maleficence
- Avoid harming or acting against clients' best interests
Human Rights
- Recognize human rights of all individuals
Beneficence
- Act in the best interest of the client
Integrity
- Incorporate core ethical values and standards as a foundation
Autonomy
- Honour clients' right to self-determination
Truthfulness
- Regard truthfulness as the basis for trust
Confidentiality
- Treat personal information confidentially unless overriding reasons exist
Compassion
- Be sensitive to and empathise with the individual and social needs of clients and provide support
Tolerance
- Respect the rights of clients to hold differing ethical beliefs
Justice
- Treat all individuals and groups fairly, impartially, and justly
Professional Competence and Self improvement
- Continuously strive to attain the highest level of knowledge and skill
Community
- Strive to contribute to society's betterment
Formulate the Problem
- Determine if the issue is ethical and find a better understanding
Gathering Information
- Collect all relevant clinical, personal, and social data, consult resources and colleagues.
Consider Options
- Consider alternative solutions in line with principles and values
Conclusion
- Discuss the proposed solution with those affected, act on the decision, and evaluate the decision for future actions
Kinds of Duties
- Natural duties (e.g., fairness)
- Moral obligations (e.g., professional duty)
- Institutional duties
- Legal duties (statutory and common law)
Duties to Clients - Best Interest or Wellbeing
- Always prioritize client best interest
- Honour client trust
- Be mindful of power dynamics
- Ensure personal beliefs do not prejudice client care
Duties to Clients - Best Interest or Wellbeing Continued
- Explain beliefs that may affect treatment
- Don't refuse or deny treatment based on beliefs
- Apply a discerning approach to counselling
- Respond to criticism and complaints promptly; and constructively
- Ensure professional training and education
- Have experience based on program requirements
Respect for Clients
- Respect privacy, dignity, and confidentiality
- Treat clients politely
- Listen to client opinions
- Avoid improper relationships with clients or others supporting them
- Guard against human rights violations
Informed Consent
- Provide clients with information about their condition, treatment, and prognosis
- Give information in an understandable way (language, manner, values, beliefs)
- Avoid withholding information from clients
- Respect client autonomy in decision-making
- Apply informed consent principles consistently
- Allow patients access to their records
Impartiality and Justice
- Be mindful of fair treatment and discrimination free approaches
- Follow laws and protocols concerning any unfair discrimination
Access to Care
- Promote access to healthcare
- Refer clients to other HCPs or facilities when needing services outside their scope,
- Avoid over-servicing or unnecessary treatment
Potential Conflicts of Interest
- Prioritize client treatment purely based on clinical need
- Declare any financial or other interests to clients.
- Avoid coercing clients about referrals or other benefits
- Avoid giving gifts or undue benefits
Referral to Colleagues and Conflict of Interest
- Act in clients' best interest when making referrals and arranging care
- Avoid undue inducements or incentives in referral processes.
- Should not serve as a client in numerous capacities;
- Respect other HCPs and work in clients' best interest,
- Do not discriminate, speak ill, or challenge their qualification or abilities.
Respect for Clients Continued
- Respect privacy, dignity, and confidentiality of clients.
- Treat clients politely with consideration
- Listen to the client's opinions.
- Avoid improper relationships with clients or anyone accompanying them.
- Protect against human rights violations.
Confidentiality
- Recognize the client's right to have confidential information protected.
- Unless there is a court order, or it is in the client's best interest.
Duties to Patients of Other HCPS
- Act quickly to protect clients from risk
- Report violations and seek compensation
- Report impaired colleagues to protect clients
Duty to Self - Maintaining a Professional Practice
- Maintain proper equipment and environment
- Maintain accurate, up-to-date client records
Duty to Society - Access to Scarce Resource
- Deal responsibly with scarce health resources and refrain from providing unnecessary services
- Refrain from participating in financial arrangements
Duty to Society - Health Care Policy Development
- Include ethical considerations and human rights in health care policies
Duty to Health Care Profession - Reporting Misconduct
- Report violation or seek compensation if a client's rights are violated.
Duties to Society - Access to Appropriate Health Care
- Promote access to health care.
- Refer clients to appropriate providers if unavailable.
Delegation and Supervision of Psychological Services
- Not delegate to anyone not qualified to perform the service
- Supervisee must have appropriate education and training and appropriate qualifications
- Supervisor is responsible for determining the competency of the supervisee and for ensuring not to delegate tasks beyond scope of competence and training.
- Supervisors must provide supervisees with specific instructions.
- A supervisee should inform the client of the supervisee's status and their right to consult with the supervisor
- Client may consult supervisors about every aspect of the service being performed
Multidimensional RC Assessment
- Include norm and criterion-based tests, informal assessment, interviews and observation
- Multiple domains such as attention, cognitive, and scholastic development
- Multiple sources such as families, teachers, and professionals
- Multiple settings such as school, work, one-on-one or group
- Multiple occasions to gather data over a period of time
Informed Consent in Assessments
- Obtain written consent from client.
- Outline details of assessment including personal details, specific psychological services and any limits associated with services
- Written consent is not necessary where testing is required by law, legal requirements, or routine practice
- Disclose any procedures which may create risk factors;
- Explain any procedure or test that is used, providing adequate explanations
Informed Consent in Assessments Continued
- Explain the limits to any procedure/test result
- A counsellor should ensure to explain the use of an interpreter.
Cultural Diversity
- Be familiar with reliability, validation, and related standardisation or outcome studies.
- Recognize limitations in the certainty of diagnosis and prognosis. - Recognize the impacts of multiple considerations such as linguistic, cultural, and socio-economic factors when making interpretations.
Interpreting Assessment Results
- Consider test factors and characteristics of clients
- Indicate significant reservations about interpretations when there are uncertainties or specific limitations
Test Scoring and Interpretation Scores
- Select scoring methods based on reliability, validity, and all appropriate considerations.
- Be responsible for assessment activities - including administration, scoring, interpretation, and use
- Assess tools whether used by the counsellor themselves or automated processes
- Ensure there are no ethical conflicts associated with the use of assessment tools or methods
Ethical and Professional Rules Annex 12 - Chapter 9 - Teaching, Training and Supervision
- Educational training programs adhere to current competency standards and requirements
- Descriptions of education/training programs provide the required current and accurate content detail, training goals and objectives, and requirements.
- Descriptions of education and training programs use reasonable degree of objectivity in teaching and training
Ethical and Professional Rules Annex 12 - Chapter 9 - Teaching, Training and Supervision - continued
- Accurate and objective information teaching/training
- Counsellors should ensure the constitutional rights of learners are upheld
- Counsellor should recognize power imbalances when interacting with supervisees and learners
Legally Dependent Clients
- Client's best interests are paramount.
- Counselors should address the needs of 14 under-age clients cautiously.
- Client needs to be informed of the specific legal framework about confidentiality.
Release of Confidential Information
- Follow court orders, requests from clients or client's legal guardians.
- Disclose information when required by law
Reporting Abuse of Children and Vulnerable Adults
- Be aware of professional responsibilities when child abuse or abuse of vulnerable adults is suspected.
- Report abuse according to relevant laws
Disclosing Confidential Information for Education
- Ensure that confidential client information is de-identified and protected from disclosure;
Professional Consultations
- Share confidential information about clients when in a team setting with appropriate consent with
- Obtain consent from client, unless it is an emergency, or if disclosure is legally required
- Respect client confidentiality in consultations.
- Disclose confidential information under specific circumstance such as those stated by the law, court, or when it's in the best interest of client or others to prevent harm,
- Counselors should not disclose information without client informed consent where disclosure isn’t required.
Maintain Competency and Limits
- Maintain up-to-date competence in practice areas
- Use CPD, consultations and other necessary procedures to maintain competency
Confidentiality, Privacy and Records
- Safeguard confidential information in practice, teaching, and research
- Disclose information only with
- Written consent from client
- Exceptions to confidentiality such as court orders or threats to self or others
Limits on Invasion of Privacy
- May disclose when necessary to a third party
- Disclose information relevant to the current purpose or goal
Duty to self
- Be aware of the potential risks or harms, and take measures to resolve or address problems, should any arise
- Take appropriate steps to maintain a healthy and balanced professional life,
- Maintain a healthy lifestyle and balanced personal life to prevent any harm to clients or conflict
- Make appropriate decisions or referrals if there are any potential conflicts of interest.
Accuracy in Professional Representation
- Avoid misrepresenting qualifications, education and competencies
- Be honest and transparent in relation to the education, training and experience
- Avoid making false, deceptive, fraudulent statements relating to areas of competence
Conflicts of Interest
- Avoid dual relationships
- Make sure client's rights are protected in prior relationships
- Respect personal/professional boundaries
Importable Complaints
- Refrain from filing frivolous or harmful ethics complaints as a conflict of interest or concern
- Do not discriminate in relation to receiving and/or filing an ethics complaint.
Confidentiality as a Client Rights
- HCP should safeguard client's confidentiality during any professional interactions such as consultations, treatment, or research;
Responsibility of HPC to HIV Positive Clients
- HIV status should not determine whether treatment is given
- HPC must be ethically and legally correct and obtain consent before testing
- Continue counselling with consent and refer if required
- Support the client in implementing strategies to prevent HIV
- Provide counseling regarding HIV status issues
HIV-Ethical Dilemma
- Recognize ethical dilemma in situations where HIV-positive clients do not disclose to their partners
- Ensure clients have appropriate access to and understanding of their rights
- Counselling is needed to ensure that clients understand, and comply with their associated obligations,
Confidentiality and Sharing Data
- Ensure data safety when shared.
- Share data responsibly with competent professionals to ensure claims are accurate.
Uncertainty about Ethical Issues
- Seek guidance or consultation from experienced professionals or committees for uncertainty
- Act appropriately.
- Act in the best interests of the client and society
- Resolve conflicts.
- Resolve conflicts.
Reporting Ethical Violations
- Investigate and resolve violations of ethical conduct;
- Adhere to relevant laws and regulations
- Take appropriate steps to resolve ethical violations appropriately,
Informational Disclosure
- Be aware the circumstances that warrant confidential communication disclosure,
- Ensure professional judgement, objectivity, and maintain ethical standards in all interactions /communications.
Resolution of Ethical Violations - Informal
- Approach colleagues who are suspected to be struggling and or in violation of ethical standards, in a non-confrontational way;
- Collaborate to solve issues and make a positive impact
- Respect confidentiality during ethical issues' resolution
Co-operating with Ethics Committees
- Actively cooperate with ethics committees throughout all procedures and investigation.
- Complete all relevant documentation and maintain accountability and transparency throughout the process.
Acceptable Business Models
- Solo practice, Partnerships, Associations, and Incorporated practice
Undesirable Business Models
- Corporate ownership of professional practice (inappropriately sharing profits)
- Corporate involvement where there's a transfer or acquisition of profit or other forms of influence in a private practice without proper ethical consideration,
- If any form of business relationship causes conflicts of interest, the counsellor should be cautious to resolve the conflict fairly and appropriately to ensure the interests of all stakeholders
Employment of Practitioners
- Employment decisions should consider various factors including personal motives and or intentions for employment, the specific nature of the service or job, and the potential for conflict of interest.
- The employment of registered practitioners should conform with policies governing practice.
Franchises/Undesirable Business Practice
- Be wary of franchises, or similar business models that have a potential to violate ethical standards by inappropriate business relationships (taking financial incentives or profits).
Sexual intimacy with clients
- Not engage in any sexual activity with current clients
- Maintain professional boundaries
Interruption of Services
- Ensure continuity of services should there be an emergency/difficulty and/or should service be interrupted by events like practitioner or client illness, or relocation.
Respect for Human Rights and Others
- Respect the dignity and human worth of a client.
- Recognize a client's right to hold their own beliefs and values.
- Recognize the client's inherent right to bodily and psychological integrity.
Testing and Measures
- Avoid using tests that are not applicable to clients.
- Ensure the test is reliable, valid, and appropriate to the situation.
- Tests should be based on acceptable standards/norms and follow the laws of the relevant state.
Culture Variable
- Avoid using tests based on foreign norms
- Test should be appropriate to cultures, languages
Ethical and Fair Practice Testing in SA
- Understanding cultural contexts and sensitivity for testing
- Validity and appropriateness of tests being used.
- Cultural norms are considered
Sharing Data
- Data should be shared with competent professionals who will use the data for accurate reanalysis
- Data should be appropriately shared.
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Description
This quiz explores the ethical guidelines and requirements for counselors providing psychological services. Topics include qualifications, advertising standards, and the conduct of public lectures. Test your knowledge of what constitutes appropriate practice in the field of counseling and psychology.