Ethics in Counseling and Psychological Services
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Questions and Answers

Under what condition can a counsellor use a qualification as a credential for their psychological services?

  • If the qualification has been obtained within the last five years to ensure its current validity and relevance.
  • Only if the qualification is explicitly listed within a nationally recognised register of psychological credentials.
  • Provided the qualification directly and demonstrably attests to their education, training, experience, or competence in the services provided. (correct)
  • If the qualification is from any recognised institution, regardless of its direct relevance to the services offered.
  • What is the critical requirement when a paid advertisement for psychological services is published by a counsellor?

  • The advertisement must prominently display the counsellor's fees for transparency.
  • The psychological services being advertised must be clearly identified or easily recognisable within the advertisement's context. (correct)
  • The advertisement must detail the counsellor's institutional affiliations to establish credibility.
  • The advertisement must include a comprehensive list of the counsellor’s publications and research findings to showcase their expertise.
  • When providing psychological advice in a public lecture, what primary precaution should a psychologist take concerning the basis of their advice?

  • Verify the advice is firmly grounded in appropriate psychological literature and established professional practice. (correct)
  • Ensure the advice is aligned with popular psychological theories and easily understandable by the general public.
  • Guarantee the advice is approved by a professional society to ensure its ethical standing.
  • Confirm the advice is derived from personal clinical experience and anecdotal evidence.
  • In public lectures or demonstrations, what crucial step should a psychologist undertake to manage audience perception regarding personal relationships?

    <p>Take precautions to prevent recipients from inferring that a personal therapeutic relationship is being established. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of a counsellor's professional background is explicitly mentioned as permissible to be claimed as a credential for their psychological services?

    <p>Academic and professional qualifications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided ethical rules, what is considered a potentially justifiable claim related to the 'results or degree of success' of psychological services?

    <p>Highlighting the clinical scientific basis underpinning the anticipated results. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the listed items, which one directly pertains to the counsellor's operational charges rather than their professional background or service nature?

    <p>Their fees. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most precise interpretation of 'institutional association or professional society affiliations' within the context of counsellor credentials?

    <p>Formal linkages to recognised educational bodies or professional organisations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided text, under what conditions can a counselor share test interpretations with automated or outside services?

    <p>With informed written consent from the client. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a counselor uses automated or outside services for test interpretation, who bears the ultimate responsibility for ensuring appropriate explanation of results?

    <p>The counselor who offered the assessment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what circumstance can a counselor withhold test data from the client?

    <p>To protect the client from potential harm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the counselor's responsibility regarding the scoring procedures offered to other professionals?

    <p>The counselor offering the procedure ensures appropriate explanations of results are given. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the stipulations regarding outdated or obsolete test results in counseling assessments?

    <p>Counselors shouldn't make intervention decisions based on these outdated results. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key focus of the psychological profession as described?

    <p>Focusing on community-based care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of setting is explicitly mentioned as a place where services can be provided?

    <p>Primary Health Care Centres (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the understanding of psychopathology utilized?

    <p>For screening, identification, and accurate referral (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a function of psychological interventions as outlined?

    <p>Designing fashion and interior aesthetics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of performing psychological screenings?

    <p>To refer individuals accurately for further help (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What group is NOT specifically mentioned as part of the community context in the content?

    <p>Fine arts clubs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What legislative framework governs the profession mentioned in the content?

    <p>Health Professions Act 56 of 1974 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'primary prevention' in the context provided?

    <p>Psychoeducation and mental health promotion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration for a counsellor when proposing the use of an interpreter?

    <p>The interpreter must be proficient in the client's language preference. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a counsellor avoid when delegating work to someone with a client?

    <p>Delegating tasks that could lead to a conflict of interest. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must a counsellor recognise a client's absolute human right to bodily autonomy?

    <p>To respect the client's dignity and human rights. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a counsellor do if a client cannot legally provide informed consent?

    <p>Seek the client’s assent and consider their best interests. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of avoiding multiple relationships between an interpreter and a client?

    <p>It prevents potential loss of objectivity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which value should a counsellor uphold when engaging with clients holding different personal beliefs?

    <p>Respect different values and opinions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario is it necessary for a counsellor to take extra steps in securing consent?

    <p>If the client is legally incapable of providing informed consent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When delegating responsibilities, how should a counsellor determine which tasks to assign?

    <p>By the individual's ability to perform competently. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a counsellor ensure when providing an assessment procedure to another professional?

    <p>It follows best-practice guidelines for psychometry. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a counsellor identify when recommending an assessment procedure?

    <p>Any special qualifications required to properly assess. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach should a counsellor take to test design and validation?

    <p>Use scientific procedures and current professional knowledge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for communicating assessment results to clients or guardians?

    <p>Adequate interpretative aids or explanations as needed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a counsellor prioritize when reducing or eliminating test bias?

    <p>Conforming to the most recent international standards. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component of interpreting assessment results properly?

    <p>Providing descriptive and factual interpretations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes a counsellor's ethical responsibility in test scoring?

    <p>Scores should be accurate and backed by validated methods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation must a counsellor state the purpose and application of an assessment procedure?

    <p>When offering it to any other professional. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When conducting research with human participants, what legal and ethical standards should a counselor adhere to?

    <p>Both national and internationally recognized standards for research with human participants. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prior to conducting research, what approval must a counselor secure?

    <p>Approval from the host institutional organization where the research will be conducted. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a counselor's responsibility regarding informed consent?

    <p>Ensuring the language used is comprehensible to the research participant. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When research participation is a course requirement, a counselor should:

    <p>Offer an alternative activity of equal academic value. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information should be included in the informed consent process?

    <p>Significant factors that might influence a participant's willingness to participate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After obtaining informed consent, how should it be documented?

    <p>Through appropriate documentation, the format of which is determined by the specific research context and institutional requirements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a research participant wishes to withdraw from a study, what is the counselor's responsibility?

    <p>To respect the participant's decision and facilitate their withdrawal from the study. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes accurate information provided to the host institutional organization about a research proposal?

    <p>Providing a complete and honest account of the research methodology. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Psychological Interventions

    Supportive actions aimed at enhancing mental and emotional functioning.

    Basic Psychological Screening

    Initial assessment to identify mental health issues for appropriate referrals.

    Community-Based Care

    Health services provided in local settings to promote mental health.

    Health Professions Act

    A law regulating health professions in South Africa, established in 1974.

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    Understanding Psychopathology

    Knowledge of mental disorders to identify and refer individuals correctly.

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    Primary Prevention

    Strategies to prevent mental health issues before they arise.

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    Psychoeducation

    Educating individuals and communities about mental health to improve awareness.

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    Community Context

    Understanding the specific needs of various groups, such as schools and NGOs.

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    Delegation of Work

    The process where a counsellor assigns tasks to others, ensuring they are competent and objective.

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    Multiple Relationships

    Situations where a counsellor has more than one relationship with a client, risking exploitation.

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    Interpreter Requirements

    An interpreter must be fluent in both relevant languages and proficient in client's preferred language.

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    Using Interpreters

    Counsellors should ensure interpreters have no multiple relationships and are competent.

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    Informed Consent

    The process of obtaining a client's agreement after providing necessary explanations about procedures.

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    Client's Rights

    Respecting a client's dignity, values, and human rights during counselling.

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    Assent from Client

    Seeking agreement from a client, especially when they cannot give full informed consent.

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    Human Rights in Counseling

    A counsellor's responsibility to protect clients' fundamental human rights and dignity.

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    Test Development

    The process of creating assessments using scientific methods and current knowledge.

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    Best-Practice Guidelines

    Standards for conducting assessments and interpretations ethically and effectively.

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    Interpretative Aids

    Support tools to help understand assessment results clearly.

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    Purpose of Assessment

    The reason an assessment is used and its intended outcome.

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    Test Scoring

    The process of calculating and assigning scores to assessment results.

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    Communication of Results

    The method of delivering assessment outcomes to clients or guardians.

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    Psychometry

    The field concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement.

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    Assessment Procedure

    The method followed to carry out an assessment or test.

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    Test Interpretation

    Process of understanding and explaining test results.

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    Confidentiality in Counseling

    Protecting client information from unauthorized release.

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    Counselor's Responsibility

    Counselor must ensure clients understand test results.

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    Outdated Test Data

    Using old or irrelevant data for assessments is not acceptable.

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    Qualifications

    Academic and professional credentials that validate a counsellor's competence.

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    Ethical Advertising

    Advertisements for psychological services must clearly identify the services offered.

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    Public Commentary

    Psychologists must ensure their advice is based on proper literature and practice.

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    Fee Transparency

    Counsellors must clearly communicate their fees for services offered.

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    Responsible Advice

    Counsellors must avoid implying a personal relationship through their public advice.

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    Service Identification

    Psychological services must be recognizably identified in all advertisements.

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    Institutional Affiliation

    Counsellors should disclose their association with professional societies or institutions.

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    Public Demonstrations

    Public demonstrations of psychological concepts must be responsible and well-supported.

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    Compliance with Standards

    Conduct research according to legal and international ethical guidelines.

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    Research Documentation

    Recording the informed consent process for accountability and transparency.

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    Institutional Approval

    Obtaining permission from an organization before starting research.

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    Participant Freedom

    Participants have the right to withdraw or decline at any point in the research.

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    Consequences of Withdrawal

    Explanation of what happens if a participant chooses to leave the study.

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    Significant Factors in Research

    Variables that might affect a participant's willingness to join the study.

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    Course Requirement Participation

    When joining research is part of a course, informing participants of options is essential.

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    Study Notes

    Role of a Registered Counsellor (RC)

    • Provide preventative and developmental counselling and interventions
    • Screen and identify mental health challenges
    • Competent in psychometric assessments within their scope of practice
    • Support to assist in restoring functioning
    • Psycho-education and mental health promotion
    • Promotion of primary psychosocial well-being
    • Work with interdisciplinary teams
    • Refer to appropriate professionals or resources

    Primary Interventions

    • Basic mental health care
    • Identifying and addressing problems or containing them from getting worse (secondary intervention)
    • Psycho-education, workshops and training
    • Reduce stress and develop coping abilities
    • Screening for mental health status

    Scope of Practice for a RC

    • Manage complete intervention programmes with associate interventions
    • Design elements of programmes and processes
    • Execute less advanced, more structured interventions
    • Design and implement psychoeducation presentations and workshops
    • The following Acts fall within the scope of practice of RCs:
      • First line of community-based psychological support
      • Provide preventative and developmental counselling
      • Performing supporting psychological interventions to enhance functioning
      • Basic psychological screening to refer accordingly
      • Develop preventative interventions
      • Provide psychoeducation and mental health promotion

    Ecosystems

    • Dynamic interaction between individuals, couples, families, groups, communities, and societies

    Fundamental Understanding of Psychopathology

    • Understanding of psychopathology for the purpose of screening, identification of challenges, and accurate referral

    Primary Prevention

    • Psychoeducation and mental health promotion addressing relevant community issues
    • Proactive transfer of information to promote well-being or prevent harm

    Glossary - Counselling

    • Reflective, disciplined relationship between the RC and client, based on trust, empathy, equality, and positive regard

    Glossary - Crisis

    • State of psychological turmoil where the person feels unable to cope

    Glossary - Crisis Intervention Counselling

    • Counselling focusing on acute or critical situations

    Multi-dimensional RC Assessment Process

    • Multiple measures (norm and criterion-based tests, informal assessments, interviewing, and observations)
    • Multiple domains of functioning (attention, cognitive, and scholastic development)
    • Multiple sources (family, teachers, or professionals)
    • Multiple settings (school, work, one-on-one, or with peers or parents)
    • Multiple occasions to obtain relevant, valid information

    Intelligence Tests

    • Cattell Culture Fair Intelligence Tests
    • Raven's Progressive Matrices
    • School-readiness Evaluation by Trained Testers (SETT)

    Aptitude Tests

    • General and Graduate Tests
    • General Scholastic Aptitude Test (GSAT)
    • Aptitude for School Beginners (ASB)

    Study Habits Test

    • Survey of Study Habits and Attitudes (SSHA)

    Scholastic Tests

    • ESSI Reader and Spelling Tests

    Ability Tests

    • Critical Reasoning Test Battery (CRTBI or CRTB2)
    • Figure Classification Test
    • General Reasoning Test Battery (GRT2)
    • Graduate Reasoning Test Battery (GRT10)
    • Paper and Pencil Games (PPG)
    • APIL

    Learning Potential Tests

    • Learning Potential Computerised Adaptive Test
    • TRAM-1
    • TRAM-2

    Personality Tests

    • Personal, Home, Social, & Formal Relations Questionnaire
    • Jung Personality Questionnaire
    • Career Development Questionnaire (CDQ)
    • Nineteen Field Interest Inventory (19FII)
    • Occupational Interest Profile (OIP)
    • South African Vocational Interest Inventory (SAVII)
    • Strong Interest Inventory (SII)

    Developmental Measures

    • Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test
    • Bender

    Respect for Persons

    • Respect individuals' worth, dignity, and sense of value
    • Acknowledge clients' rights to self-determination

    Non-maleficence

    • Avoid harming or acting against clients' best interests

    Human Rights

    • Recognize human rights of all individuals

    Beneficence

    • Act in the best interest of the client

    Integrity

    • Incorporate core ethical values and standards as a foundation

    Autonomy

    • Honour clients' right to self-determination

    Truthfulness

    • Regard truthfulness as the basis for trust

    Confidentiality

    • Treat personal information confidentially unless overriding reasons exist

    Compassion

    • Be sensitive to and empathise with the individual and social needs of clients and provide support

    Tolerance

    • Respect the rights of clients to hold differing ethical beliefs

    Justice

    • Treat all individuals and groups fairly, impartially, and justly

    Professional Competence and Self improvement

    • Continuously strive to attain the highest level of knowledge and skill

    Community

    • Strive to contribute to society's betterment

    Formulate the Problem

    • Determine if the issue is ethical and find a better understanding

    Gathering Information

    • Collect all relevant clinical, personal, and social data, consult resources and colleagues.

    Consider Options

    • Consider alternative solutions in line with principles and values

    Conclusion

    • Discuss the proposed solution with those affected, act on the decision, and evaluate the decision for future actions

    Kinds of Duties

    • Natural duties (e.g., fairness)
    • Moral obligations (e.g., professional duty)
    • Institutional duties
    • Legal duties (statutory and common law)

    Duties to Clients - Best Interest or Wellbeing

    • Always prioritize client best interest
    • Honour client trust
    • Be mindful of power dynamics
    • Ensure personal beliefs do not prejudice client care

    Duties to Clients - Best Interest or Wellbeing Continued

    • Explain beliefs that may affect treatment
    • Don't refuse or deny treatment based on beliefs
    • Apply a discerning approach to counselling
    • Respond to criticism and complaints promptly; and constructively
    • Ensure professional training and education
    • Have experience based on program requirements

    Respect for Clients

    • Respect privacy, dignity, and confidentiality
    • Treat clients politely
    • Listen to client opinions
    • Avoid improper relationships with clients or others supporting them
    • Guard against human rights violations
    • Provide clients with information about their condition, treatment, and prognosis
    • Give information in an understandable way (language, manner, values, beliefs)
    • Avoid withholding information from clients
    • Respect client autonomy in decision-making
    • Apply informed consent principles consistently
    • Allow patients access to their records

    Impartiality and Justice

    • Be mindful of fair treatment and discrimination free approaches
    • Follow laws and protocols concerning any unfair discrimination

    Access to Care

    • Promote access to healthcare
    • Refer clients to other HCPs or facilities when needing services outside their scope,
    • Avoid over-servicing or unnecessary treatment

    Potential Conflicts of Interest

    • Prioritize client treatment purely based on clinical need
    • Declare any financial or other interests to clients.
    • Avoid coercing clients about referrals or other benefits
    • Avoid giving gifts or undue benefits

    Referral to Colleagues and Conflict of Interest

    • Act in clients' best interest when making referrals and arranging care
    • Avoid undue inducements or incentives in referral processes.
    • Should not serve as a client in numerous capacities;
    • Respect other HCPs and work in clients' best interest,
    • Do not discriminate, speak ill, or challenge their qualification or abilities.

    Respect for Clients Continued

    • Respect privacy, dignity, and confidentiality of clients.
    • Treat clients politely with consideration
    • Listen to the client's opinions.
    • Avoid improper relationships with clients or anyone accompanying them.
    • Protect against human rights violations.

    Confidentiality

    • Recognize the client's right to have confidential information protected.
    • Unless there is a court order, or it is in the client's best interest.

    Duties to Patients of Other HCPS

    • Act quickly to protect clients from risk
    • Report violations and seek compensation
    • Report impaired colleagues to protect clients

    Duty to Self - Maintaining a Professional Practice

    • Maintain proper equipment and environment
    • Maintain accurate, up-to-date client records

    Duty to Society - Access to Scarce Resource

    • Deal responsibly with scarce health resources and refrain from providing unnecessary services
    • Refrain from participating in financial arrangements

    Duty to Society - Health Care Policy Development

    • Include ethical considerations and human rights in health care policies

    Duty to Health Care Profession - Reporting Misconduct

    • Report violation or seek compensation if a client's rights are violated.

    Duties to Society - Access to Appropriate Health Care

    • Promote access to health care.
    • Refer clients to appropriate providers if unavailable.

    Delegation and Supervision of Psychological Services

    • Not delegate to anyone not qualified to perform the service
    • Supervisee must have appropriate education and training and appropriate qualifications
    • Supervisor is responsible for determining the competency of the supervisee and for ensuring not to delegate tasks beyond scope of competence and training.
    • Supervisors must provide supervisees with specific instructions.
    • A supervisee should inform the client of the supervisee's status and their right to consult with the supervisor
    • Client may consult supervisors about every aspect of the service being performed

    Multidimensional RC Assessment

    • Include norm and criterion-based tests, informal assessment, interviews and observation
    • Multiple domains such as attention, cognitive, and scholastic development
    • Multiple sources such as families, teachers, and professionals
    • Multiple settings such as school, work, one-on-one or group
    • Multiple occasions to gather data over a period of time
    • Obtain written consent from client.
    • Outline details of assessment including personal details, specific psychological services and any limits associated with services
    • Written consent is not necessary where testing is required by law, legal requirements, or routine practice
    • Disclose any procedures which may create risk factors;
    • Explain any procedure or test that is used, providing adequate explanations
    • Explain the limits to any procedure/test result
    • A counsellor should ensure to explain the use of an interpreter.

    Cultural Diversity

    • Be familiar with reliability, validation, and related standardisation or outcome studies.
    • Recognize limitations in the certainty of diagnosis and prognosis. - Recognize the impacts of multiple considerations such as linguistic, cultural, and socio-economic factors when making interpretations.

    Interpreting Assessment Results

    • Consider test factors and characteristics of clients
    • Indicate significant reservations about interpretations when there are uncertainties or specific limitations

    Test Scoring and Interpretation Scores

    • Select scoring methods based on reliability, validity, and all appropriate considerations.
    • Be responsible for assessment activities - including administration, scoring, interpretation, and use
    • Assess tools whether used by the counsellor themselves or automated processes
    • Ensure there are no ethical conflicts associated with the use of assessment tools or methods

    Ethical and Professional Rules Annex 12 - Chapter 9 - Teaching, Training and Supervision

    • Educational training programs adhere to current competency standards and requirements
    • Descriptions of education/training programs provide the required current and accurate content detail, training goals and objectives, and requirements.
    • Descriptions of education and training programs use reasonable degree of objectivity in teaching and training

    Ethical and Professional Rules Annex 12 - Chapter 9 - Teaching, Training and Supervision - continued

    • Accurate and objective information teaching/training
    • Counsellors should ensure the constitutional rights of learners are upheld
    • Counsellor should recognize power imbalances when interacting with supervisees and learners

    Legally Dependent Clients

    • Client's best interests are paramount.
    • Counselors should address the needs of 14 under-age clients cautiously.
    • Client needs to be informed of the specific legal framework about confidentiality.

    Release of Confidential Information

    • Follow court orders, requests from clients or client's legal guardians.
    • Disclose information when required by law

    Reporting Abuse of Children and Vulnerable Adults

    • Be aware of professional responsibilities when child abuse or abuse of vulnerable adults is suspected.
    • Report abuse according to relevant laws

    Disclosing Confidential Information for Education

    • Ensure that confidential client information is de-identified and protected from disclosure;

    Professional Consultations

    • Share confidential information about clients when in a team setting with appropriate consent with
    • Obtain consent from client, unless it is an emergency, or if disclosure is legally required
    • Respect client confidentiality in consultations.
    • Disclose confidential information under specific circumstance such as those stated by the law, court, or when it's in the best interest of client or others to prevent harm,
    • Counselors should not disclose information without client informed consent where disclosure isn’t required.

    Maintain Competency and Limits

    • Maintain up-to-date competence in practice areas
    • Use CPD, consultations and other necessary procedures to maintain competency

    Confidentiality, Privacy and Records

    • Safeguard confidential information in practice, teaching, and research
    • Disclose information only with
    • Written consent from client
    • Exceptions to confidentiality such as court orders or threats to self or others

    Limits on Invasion of Privacy

    • May disclose when necessary to a third party
    • Disclose information relevant to the current purpose or goal

    Duty to self

    • Be aware of the potential risks or harms, and take measures to resolve or address problems, should any arise
    • Take appropriate steps to maintain a healthy and balanced professional life,
    • Maintain a healthy lifestyle and balanced personal life to prevent any harm to clients or conflict
    • Make appropriate decisions or referrals if there are any potential conflicts of interest.

    Accuracy in Professional Representation

    • Avoid misrepresenting qualifications, education and competencies
    • Be honest and transparent in relation to the education, training and experience
    • Avoid making false, deceptive, fraudulent statements relating to areas of competence

    Conflicts of Interest

    • Avoid dual relationships
    • Make sure client's rights are protected in prior relationships
    • Respect personal/professional boundaries

    Importable Complaints

    • Refrain from filing frivolous or harmful ethics complaints as a conflict of interest or concern
    • Do not discriminate in relation to receiving and/or filing an ethics complaint.

    Confidentiality as a Client Rights

    • HCP should safeguard client's confidentiality during any professional interactions such as consultations, treatment, or research;

    Responsibility of HPC to HIV Positive Clients

    • HIV status should not determine whether treatment is given
    • HPC must be ethically and legally correct and obtain consent before testing
    • Continue counselling with consent and refer if required
    • Support the client in implementing strategies to prevent HIV
    • Provide counseling regarding HIV status issues

    HIV-Ethical Dilemma

    • Recognize ethical dilemma in situations where HIV-positive clients do not disclose to their partners
    • Ensure clients have appropriate access to and understanding of their rights
    • Counselling is needed to ensure that clients understand, and comply with their associated obligations,

    Confidentiality and Sharing Data

    • Ensure data safety when shared.
    • Share data responsibly with competent professionals to ensure claims are accurate.

    Uncertainty about Ethical Issues

    • Seek guidance or consultation from experienced professionals or committees for uncertainty
    • Act appropriately.
    • Act in the best interests of the client and society
    • Resolve conflicts.
    • Resolve conflicts.

    Reporting Ethical Violations

    • Investigate and resolve violations of ethical conduct;
    • Adhere to relevant laws and regulations
    • Take appropriate steps to resolve ethical violations appropriately,

    Informational Disclosure

    • Be aware the circumstances that warrant confidential communication disclosure,
    • Ensure professional judgement, objectivity, and maintain ethical standards in all interactions /communications.

    Resolution of Ethical Violations - Informal

    • Approach colleagues who are suspected to be struggling and or in violation of ethical standards, in a non-confrontational way;
    • Collaborate to solve issues and make a positive impact
    • Respect confidentiality during ethical issues' resolution

    Co-operating with Ethics Committees

    • Actively cooperate with ethics committees throughout all procedures and investigation.
    • Complete all relevant documentation and maintain accountability and transparency throughout the process.

    Acceptable Business Models

    • Solo practice, Partnerships, Associations, and Incorporated practice

    Undesirable Business Models

    • Corporate ownership of professional practice (inappropriately sharing profits)
    • Corporate involvement where there's a transfer or acquisition of profit or other forms of influence in a private practice without proper ethical consideration,
    • If any form of business relationship causes conflicts of interest, the counsellor should be cautious to resolve the conflict fairly and appropriately to ensure the interests of all stakeholders

    Employment of Practitioners

    • Employment decisions should consider various factors including personal motives and or intentions for employment, the specific nature of the service or job, and the potential for conflict of interest.
    • The employment of registered practitioners should conform with policies governing practice.

    Franchises/Undesirable Business Practice

    • Be wary of franchises, or similar business models that have a potential to violate ethical standards by inappropriate business relationships (taking financial incentives or profits).

    Sexual intimacy with clients

    • Not engage in any sexual activity with current clients
    • Maintain professional boundaries

    Interruption of Services

    • Ensure continuity of services should there be an emergency/difficulty and/or should service be interrupted by events like practitioner or client illness, or relocation.

    Respect for Human Rights and Others

    • Respect the dignity and human worth of a client.
    • Recognize a client's right to hold their own beliefs and values.
    • Recognize the client's inherent right to bodily and psychological integrity.

    Testing and Measures

    • Avoid using tests that are not applicable to clients.
    • Ensure the test is reliable, valid, and appropriate to the situation.
    • Tests should be based on acceptable standards/norms and follow the laws of the relevant state.

    Culture Variable

    • Avoid using tests based on foreign norms
    • Test should be appropriate to cultures, languages

    Ethical and Fair Practice Testing in SA

    • Understanding cultural contexts and sensitivity for testing
    • Validity and appropriateness of tests being used.
    • Cultural norms are considered

    Sharing Data

    • Data should be shared with competent professionals who will use the data for accurate reanalysis
    • Data should be appropriately shared.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the ethical guidelines and requirements for counselors providing psychological services. Topics include qualifications, advertising standards, and the conduct of public lectures. Test your knowledge of what constitutes appropriate practice in the field of counseling and psychology.

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