Banana Diseases PPT PDF

Important diseases of Banana Fungal diseases 1.Panama wilt disease 2.Sigatoka leaf spot 3.Anthracnose Bacterial diseases 1.Moko wilt 2.Pseudo stem rot Viral diseases 1.Bunchy top of banana 2.Infectious chlorosis 3.Bract mosaic Fusarium wilt / Panama Disease /Vascular wilt- Fusarium...

Important diseases of Banana Fungal diseases 1.Panama wilt disease 2.Sigatoka leaf spot 3.Anthracnose Bacterial diseases 1.Moko wilt 2.Pseudo stem rot Viral diseases 1.Bunchy top of banana 2.Infectious chlorosis 3.Bract mosaic Fusarium wilt / Panama Disease /Vascular wilt- Fusarium oxysporum F.sp. Cubense Symptoms Yellowing of leaves from margins Yellow skirt like pattern  Symptoms Longitudinal splitting of pseudostem Pinkish discoloration of vascular strand  Fusarium oxysporum fsp cubense Macroconidia Chlamydospores Predisposing factor Management Resistant variety like poovan Raise paddy crop one season to suppress pathogen Flooding the infected fields Biocontrol- Trichoderma viride or Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 2.5 kg /ha along with 50 kg of FYM Capsule app of carbendazim@ 40 mg / cap/tree Corm injection 3ml of 2% carbendazim  Corm injection Remove a small portion of soil to expose the upper portion of the corm. Make an oblique hole at 45° angle to a depth of 5 cm Immediately insert a gelatin capsule containing 60 mg of Carbendazim or of 50 mg of Pseudomonas fluorescens or inject 3 ml of 2 % Carbendazim solution into the hole with the help of ‘corm injector’ on 2nd, 4th and 6th month after planting. Paring and prolinage – Avoid nematode infestationn 2. Sigatoka leaf spot - Mycosphorella musicola Symptoms: Symptoms are characterized by oval to round necrotic lesions which first appear as pale yellow on lower surface of leaf. Correspondingly on the upper leaf surface, pale yellow specks appear which later on extends to form yellow oblong spots with or without yellow halo. When the disease progresses these spots further increase in size, join with each other forming large dead necrotic areas on the leaf preventing photosynthetic functioning of the leaf. Destruction of mature and functional leaves in large number at the time of shooting leads to failure of bunches to fill out and ripen. Fruit set will be poor with reduced size, uneven ripening and angular shape having discoloured flesh. Sometimes premature ripening of banana bunches takes place in field itself.  Symptoms Yellow Sigatoka Leafspot- Black sigatoka leaf spot- Mycosphaerella musicola Mycospaherella fijiensis Management Proper, wider spacing must be practised. Severely infected plants and leaf blades should be removed and destroyed periodically. The orchard must be clean and free from weeds and grasses to avoid humidity build up. In the wet season, application of a protectant fungicide like Mancozeb @0.2% or chlorothalonil @0.1% every three to four weeks is recommended. During periods of high disease threat or extended wet weather, propiconazole, a systemic fungicide, can be substituted for Mancozeb. Banana Anthracnose – Collitotrichum gloeosporioides Symptoms Black spots on fruits & On the surface of black spots cover entire surface of fruits pink coloured acervuli are seen Symptoms  Management Avoid injury to fruits / Careful transportation of bunches Good packing house Banana bunches should be harvested at correct maturity Pre-harvest spray with Carbendazim 0.1% or Chlorothalonil 0.25% Post harvest dipping of fruits in Aureofungin 100 ppm or Binomil 1000 ppm or Carbendazim 400 ppm  Moko wilt - Ralstonia solanacearum Symptoms Yellowing of the inner lamina Pale yellow to dark brown vascular discoloration  Symptoms Dead male flower buds and peduncles Yellow fingers in green bunches Fruit rot and fruit stalk discoloration Favorable conditions : Pathogen is soil borne and survives in infected debris. Spread is by irrigation water, farm implements and infested soil and insects. Ralstonia solonacearum Rhizome rot or soft rot or Tip over disease - Erwinia caratovora sub sp caratovora Symptoms Rotting of pseudostem base Breaking of pseudostem at base Favorable conditions : The bacteria survives in soil and infected plant residues and they enter the plant through wounds and spread across fields through water and infected planting material. Erwinia caratovora sub sp caratovora Management: Early detection and destruction of the suspected plants Removal of the male flowers as soon as the last female hand emerge help in minimizing the spread of the disease. Reduce disease by lowering the soil temperature and can add nitrogen source to soil. Under field conditions, soil drenching streptomycin sulphate (500 ppm) ,Streptocycline 500 ppm and Copper oxy chloride 2000 ppm reduce the rhizome rot disease incidence. Also dipping the suckers in Copper oxy chloride (40 g/10lit) + Streptocycline ( 3g/ 10 lit.) for 30 min. before planting Application of bleaching powder @6 g /plant followed by immediate irrigation at the onset of disease. Viral diseases - Banana Bunchy Top Disease: BUNCHY TOP / Strangles/ Curly top/ Cabbage top – Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) Bunchy top of the pseudostem Severely stunted plants  Symptoms Dark green streaks Aphid vector Pentalonia nigronervosa  Infectious chlorosis- Cucumber Mosaic Virus  Mosaic plants are easily recognized by their dwarf growth and mottled distorted leaves.  The earliest symptoms appear on young leaves ass light green or yellowish streaks and bands giving a mottled appearance Loose attachment of Typical mosaic symptoms leaf sheath  Symptoms  Primary transmission is by infected suckers and secondary transmission by the aphids Aphis gossypii and Aphids maidis Aphis gossypii Loose attachment of leaf sheath Banana Streak Virus (BSV) : Primary transmission is by infected suckers and secondary transmission by the mealy bugs Planococcus citri and Saccharicoccus sacchari. A prominent symptom exhibited by BSV is yellow streaking of the leaves, which becomes progressively necrotic producing a black streaked appearance in older leaves.. Necrotic streaks are observed on midrib , petiole and pseudostem. Bunch choking, abortion of bunch and seediness in fingers are observed. Delayed fruit bunch emergence, reduction in fruit size, malformation of fingers when floral initiation and early bunch development coincide with a period of increased virus synthesis. Sometimes necrosis of emerging leaves internal necrosis of the pseudostem and plant death  Symptoms Black streaked appearance Integrated management for virus diseases Eradication of infected plants and sword suckers. Strict quarantine measures to be followed Ensure virus free planting materials. Avoid cucurbitaceous crops around banana field Control vector by spraying 1ml Methyl demeton (or) 2 ml (or) 1 ml Phosphomidon in 1 litre of water (or) injection of 1 ml /per plant (1 ml diluted in 4 ml water) at 45 days interval from 3rd month till flowering.  Spraying dimethoate or methyl demeton 0.1 % for vector control Destroy bunchy top virus affected plants by capsule application of 200 mg of 2,4 -D / capsule in to corm (7 cm deep) using capsule applicator or inject 5 ml of 2,4-D solution (125 g / lit.) in pseudostem using injector.