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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a fungal disease of banana?
Which of the following is a fungal disease of banana?
- Infectious chlorosis
- Bunchy top of banana
- Panama wilt disease (correct)
- Moko wilt
What is the scientific name of the fungus that causes Panama disease?
What is the scientific name of the fungus that causes Panama disease?
- Mycosphaerella musicola
- Ralstonia solanacearum
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (correct)
- Collitotrichum gloeosporioides
Yellowing of leaves from the margins is a symptom of Panama disease.
Yellowing of leaves from the margins is a symptom of Panama disease.
True (A)
What is a predisposing factor for Panama disease?
What is a predisposing factor for Panama disease?
Which of the following is a management strategy for Panama disease?
Which of the following is a management strategy for Panama disease?
The management of Panama disease involves the use of ______ varieties of banana.
The management of Panama disease involves the use of ______ varieties of banana.
Sigatoka leaf spot is caused by a bacterium.
Sigatoka leaf spot is caused by a bacterium.
What are the two types of Sigatoka leaf spot?
What are the two types of Sigatoka leaf spot?
Which of the following is a management practice for Sigatoka leaf spot?
Which of the following is a management practice for Sigatoka leaf spot?
Banana anthracnose is a viral disease.
Banana anthracnose is a viral disease.
What is the scientific name of the fungus that causes banana anthracnose?
What is the scientific name of the fungus that causes banana anthracnose?
Which of the following is a management strategy for banana anthracnose?
Which of the following is a management strategy for banana anthracnose?
Moko wilt is a bacterial disease.
Moko wilt is a bacterial disease.
What is the scientific name of the bacterium that causes Moko wilt?
What is the scientific name of the bacterium that causes Moko wilt?
Which of the following is a symptom of Moko wilt?
Which of the following is a symptom of Moko wilt?
The pathogen that causes Moko wilt survives in infected debris and soil.
The pathogen that causes Moko wilt survives in infected debris and soil.
What are the three main types of bacterial diseases of banana?
What are the three main types of bacterial diseases of banana?
What is the scientific name of the bacterium that causes rhizome rot?
What is the scientific name of the bacterium that causes rhizome rot?
Rhizome rot is also known as tip-over disease.
Rhizome rot is also known as tip-over disease.
How does the bacteria that causes rhizome rot enter the plant?
How does the bacteria that causes rhizome rot enter the plant?
Which of the following is a management practice for rhizome rot?
Which of the following is a management practice for rhizome rot?
Banana bunchy top is a fungal disease.
Banana bunchy top is a fungal disease.
What is the scientific name of the virus that causes banana bunchy top?
What is the scientific name of the virus that causes banana bunchy top?
Which of the following is a symptom of banana bunchy top?
Which of the following is a symptom of banana bunchy top?
Aphids can transmit banana bunchy top virus.
Aphids can transmit banana bunchy top virus.
What is a key management practice for banana bunchy top?
What is a key management practice for banana bunchy top?
Infectious chlorosis is a bacterial disease.
Infectious chlorosis is a bacterial disease.
What is the scientific name of the virus that causes infectious chlorosis?
What is the scientific name of the virus that causes infectious chlorosis?
The earliest symptoms of infectious chlorosis appear on mature leaves.
The earliest symptoms of infectious chlorosis appear on mature leaves.
Which of the following is a management strategy for infectious chlorosis?
Which of the following is a management strategy for infectious chlorosis?
How is banana streak virus transmitted?
How is banana streak virus transmitted?
A prominent symptom of banana streak virus is yellow streaking of the leaves.
A prominent symptom of banana streak virus is yellow streaking of the leaves.
What is a management practice for banana streak virus?
What is a management practice for banana streak virus?
Flashcards
Panama wilt disease
Panama wilt disease
A severe fungal disease of banana caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense.
Symptoms of Panama wilt
Symptoms of Panama wilt
Yellowing of leaf margins and longitudinal splitting of pseudostem.
Sigatoka leaf spot
Sigatoka leaf spot
A fungal disease characterized by oval necrotic lesions on banana leaves.
Management of Sigatoka
Management of Sigatoka
Includes proper spacing, removing infected plants, and fungicide application.
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Anthracnose
Anthracnose
A fungal disease causing black spots on banana fruits and pink acervuli.
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Management of Anthracnose
Management of Anthracnose
Involves careful transportation and packing, and pre-harvest fungicide sprays.
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Moko wilt
Moko wilt
Bacterial disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, leading to yellowing and flower rot.
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Symptoms of Moko wilt
Symptoms of Moko wilt
Yellowing inner lamina and dead male flower buds.
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Rhizome rot
Rhizome rot
Bacterial disease (Erwinia carotovora) causing rotting of pseudostem base.
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Management of rhizome rot
Management of rhizome rot
Involves early detection, removing infected plants, and soil drenching.
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Banana bunchy top disease
Banana bunchy top disease
Viral disease caused by the Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV), causing stunted growth.
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Transmission of bunchy top disease
Transmission of bunchy top disease
Spread by infected suckers and aphids like Pentalonia nigronervosa.
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Infectious chlorosis
Infectious chlorosis
Mosaic disease caused by Cucumber Mosaic Virus, showing mottled distorted leaves.
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Management of viral diseases
Management of viral diseases
Includes eradicating infected plants and controlling aphid vectors.
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Banana Streak Virus (BSV)
Banana Streak Virus (BSV)
Viral disease that causes yellow streaks and necrosis on leaves.
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Symptoms of BSV
Symptoms of BSV
Black streaks on older leaves and necrosis of pseudostem.
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Integrated pest management
Integrated pest management
Combining practices to control banana viruses including vector control and healthy planting.
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Fungicides for Sigatoka
Fungicides for Sigatoka
Mancozeb or chlorothalonil are used to prevent leaf spot diseases.
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Corm injection
Corm injection
A method to manage diseases by inserting a gelatin capsule or solution into the corm.
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Trichoderma viride
Trichoderma viride
A biocontrol agent used to suppress fungal pathogens in bananas.
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Pre-harvest treatments
Pre-harvest treatments
Protects bananas by spraying fungicides before harvest.
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Flooding infected fields
Flooding infected fields
Used as a management technique to suppress fungal pathogens during their lifecycle.
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Cleaning orchard
Cleaning orchard
Periodically removing weeds and diseased plants to prevent disease spread.
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Vector control
Vector control
Managing aphids and mealybugs to reduce virus transmission.
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Carbendazim
Carbendazim
A systemic fungicide used to manage various banana diseases.
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FYM in biocontrol
FYM in biocontrol
Farmyard manure used in conjunction with biocontrol agents.
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Proper spacing
Proper spacing
Essential for healthy banana growth to reduce humidity and disease spread.
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Disease resistance
Disease resistance
Planting resistant varieties to deal with specific banana diseases.
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Monitor for disease
Monitor for disease
Regularly check banana plants for signs of fungal, bacterial, or viral infections.
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Banana Diseases
- Fungal Diseases:
- Panama wilt disease
- Sigatoka leaf spot
- Anthracnose
- Bacterial Diseases:
- Moko wilt
- Pseudo stem rot
- Viral Diseases:
- Bunchy top of banana
- Infectious chlorosis
- Bract mosaic
Fusarium Wilt/Panama Disease
- Causal Agent: Fusarium oxysporum F.sp. Cubense
- Symptoms:
- Yellowing of leaves from margins
- Yellow skirt-like pattern
- Longitudinal splitting of pseudostem
- Pinkish discoloration of vascular strand
- Predisposing Factors:
- Burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis)
Sigatoka Leaf Spot
-
Causal Agent: Mycosphaerella musicola
-
Symptoms:
- Oval to round necrotic lesions (first appear pale yellow on lower leaf surface)
- Pale yellow specks on upper leaf surface, later forming oblong spots (sometimes with yellow halo)
- Spots enlarge and join
- Prevent photosynthesis
-
Symptoms Cont.:
- Destruction of mature leaves
- Reduced fruit size/poor fruit set
- Uneven ripening
- Angular shape/discoloured flesh
- Possible premature ripening of banana bunches
Black Sigatoka
- Cause: Mycosphaerella fijiensis
- Symptoms: Yellow and black spots on leaves.
Banana Anthracnose
- Cause: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
- Symptoms: Black spots on banana fruits covering the entire surface.
- Pink coloured acervuli on the surface of black spots
Moko Wilt
- Cause: Ralstonia solanacearum
- Symptoms:
- Yellowing of the inner lamina
- Pale yellow to dark brown vascular discoloration
Rhizome Rot/Soft Rot/Tip Over Disease
- Cause: Erwinia caratovora
- sub sp caratovora
- Symptoms:
- Rotting of pseudostem base
- Breaking of pseudostem at base
Banana Bunchy Top Disease
- Cause: Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV)
- Symptoms:
- Bunchy top of the pseudostem
- Severely stunted plants
Infectious Chlorosis
- Cause: Cucumber Mosaic Virus
- Symptoms:
- Dwarf growth
- Mottled distorted leaves
- Light green or yellowish streaks/bands on young leaves
Banana Streak Virus (BSV)
- Cause:
- Secondary transmission by mealybugs (Planococcus citri and Saccharicoccus sacchari) - Symptoms:
- Yellow streaking of leaves which become progressively necrotic (black streaked)
- Necrotic streaks on midrib, petiole, and pseudostem
- Bunch choking
- Abortion of bunches
- Seediness/malformations of fingers
- Delayed fruit emergence
- Reduced fruit size
Management
- General:
- Resistant Banana Varieties like poovan
- Proper plant spacing
- Removal of severely infected plants/leaf blades
- Weed control
- Pest control (nematodes, aphids)
- Fungicides:
- Mancozeb (Wet season)
- Chlorothalonil (Wet season)
- Propiconazole (high disease threat/extended wet weather)
- Carbendazim
- Copper oxy chloride
- Biocontrol: Use of Trichoderma viride or Pseudomonas fluorescens
- Corm Injection:
- Using carbendazim or other solutions
- Pre-harvest:
- Spray with Carbendazim or Chlorothalonil
- Post-harvest:
- Fruit dipping in: Aureofungin, Binomil, or Carbendazim
- Integrated Virus Management:
- Eradication of infected plants/suckers
- Quarantine
- Use of virus-free planting materials
- Avoiding cucurbits nearby
- Controlling vectors (e.g., using insecticides)
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