AY2024 TRI2 4608 Lesson 1 (7th January 2025) PDF

SIT Internal SEM 4608 Tri-2 AY2024/2025 Large Scale Systems Associate Professor Ng Bor Kiat Lesson 1 (7th Jan 2025)  SIT Internal Scope: 1. Introduction to Module Plans 2. What is Systems Engineering? 3. Application of Large-Scale Systems Engineering in Singapore...

SIT Internal SEM 4608 Tri-2 AY2024/2025 Large Scale Systems Associate Professor Ng Bor Kiat Lesson 1 (7th Jan 2025)  SIT Internal Scope: 1. Introduction to Module Plans 2. What is Systems Engineering? 3. Application of Large-Scale Systems Engineering in Singapore 4. Discussion  SIT Internal General Notes Module: SEM4608 Large-Scale Systems: Tuesday: 9:00AM to 11:00AM Friday : 9:00AM to 12:00PM Consultation: email: [email protected] for appointment Venue*: LT2C * Depending on the schedule of guest lecturers, timing for some SEM4608 classes may change with advanced notice.  SIT Internal Module Descriptor This module looks at large-scale systems and their characteristics from the perspective of systems engineering processes and applications. Various large-scale systems are presented and analysed from the system domains perspective.  SITInternal Learning Outcomes After successful completion of this module, the students should be able to: 1. Conduct domain analysis on conflicting requirements for making trade-off decisions needed in large-scale systems. 2. Understand and apply relevant systems engineering processes in large-scalesystem projects. 3. Understand the types and potential of model-based systems engineering techniques. 4. Understand Singapore’s long-term system needs and key challenges in areas covered in the guest lecture series. 5. Analyse and manage interfaces between different component systems of large-scale systems. 6. Recommend improvements to existing large-scale system design andimplementation.  SITInternal Module Synopsis The first half of the module focuses on topics including: introduction to domain analysis of large-scale system-of-systems, systems engineering processes, model-based systems engineering, life cycle asset management, and risk management in large scale system projects. The second half of the module focuses on “Large-Scale Systems Engineering (LSSE) for Optimal Life Cycle Management and Singapore’s Long Term Sustainability”, to be delivered through a guest lecture series. Guest speakers are invited to share their expertise and experience in domain area of defence and land transport to help broaden the students’ horizon and understanding of the complexity and LSSE approach and processes involved. Case studies will be used to create in-depth understanding of how requirement engineering, policy formulation, planning, design, operations and maintenance are carrier out from a LSSE and life cycle management perspective.  SIT Internal Structure of Learning Pre-reading before class Class Organization Q&A from pre-reading Lectures Discussion during and after lectures  SIT Internal Self-Learning Time has been allocated for self-study and project preparation within the time table. Specific time slots have been planned into the lecture timetable for project consultation sessions. Access to the lecture notes and other reference materials will be via the SIT x-SiTe LMS.  SIT Internal Assessment on Quiz In general, all topics covered will be used for scheduledquiz. All quizzes are closed book unless otherwise informed. For closed book quizzes, the following items are not allowed: module materials of any form hand phones and any electronic device Assessment of Project Work Assessment Criterion Understanding of principles and concepts Application Report The structure, depth and flow of report Presentation Preparation and quality of presentation materials and organization of presentation by team and individual members  SIT Internal Assessment Matrix Tentative Assessment Tasks Weightage Week/Due Date Group projects: For both team project (1) and (2), students are required to submit a report and a set of presentation slides documenting the system modelling work and systems engineering processes used to answer to project requirements. 30% Week 6/7 Team project 1: Team project 2: 35% Week14/15 Students will be required to apply the principles and techniques taught (TBC) in class and during tutorial/in-class discussions. Quiz: This is an individual assessment. Theoretical knowledge and modelling 35% Week 5 knowledge learnt at lectures and during tutorial/in-class discussions will be tested. (TBC) SIT Internal SIT Internal  SIT Internal Attendance Requirement Attendance is mandatory. There are no make-up classes for missed attendance. Exceptions can only be made if the instructor is notified prior to the class with a valid reason. Students are required to pay attention to and encouraged to actively ask questions during the lectures for more effective learning through interactions with the lecturers.  SIT Internal Questions?  SIT Internal Scope: 1. Introduction to Module Plans 2. What is Systems Engineering? 3. Application of Large-Scale Systems Engineering in Singapore 4. Discussion  SIT Internal Important Dates about Systems Engineering Origin of Systems Engineering as a Discipline Origin of Systems Enineering Standards Source:SystemsEngineeringHandbook INCOSE –TP-2003-002-04(2015)  SIT Internal What is Systems Engineering? “Systems engineering considers the whole problem, the whole system, and the whole system life cycle from concept to disposal” “Big picture thinking, and the application of common sense to projects” - INCOSE  SIT Internal What is Systems Engineering? “The art and science of creating whole solutions to complex problems“ Systems Engineering: A 21st Century Systems Methodology (2007) By Derek K. Hitchins “The art and science of developing an operable system that can meet requirements within imposed constraints” M.G. Ryschkewitsch NASA Chief Engineer (2008) “A branch of Engineering which concentrates on the design and application of the whole asdistinct from the parts, looking at a problem in its entirety, taking account of all the facets and all the variables and linking the social to the technological” Conquering Complexity: lessons in defence systems acquisition University College London (2005) By Simon Ramo  SIT Internal What is SystemsEngineering? Principal approach for delivering complex systems. Interdisciplinary. Focusses on the early stages of developing a system. Originated in defence, aerospace and software industries. Increasingly adopted in less traditional industries. Embedded in organisations globally. Systems thinking is a critical competency for systems engineers.  SIT Internal Growing Needs for Systems Engineering Urban and Smart Cities Transportation Healthcare Energy / Power Water & Sanitation Environment / Climate 5G Communication Network Defence @2021 All Rights Reserved Singapore Institute ofTechnology  SIT Internal Scope: 1. Introduction to Module Plans 2. What is Systems Engineering? 3. Application of Large-Scale Systems Engineering in Singapore 4. Discussion  SIT Internal Professor Lui Pao Chuen Professor LUI retired in 2 008 after serving 4 1 years in the Ministry of Defence and 2 2 years as Chief Defence Scientist. He is currently serving as Temasek Defence Professor of National University of Singapore and on the board of twelve research institutes and corporations. He is a member of the Changi Airport Group Executive Committee for Airport Development, member of the MPA Next Generation Port 2 0 3 0 Steering Committee, member of Committee on Autonomous Road Transport in Singapore and adviser to the Land TransportAuthority. In 2 0 2 1 he was appointed the inaugural Temasek Defence Professor by the President of National University of Singapore.  SIT Internal Large Scale Systems Engineering for Successful Development of Singapore Introduction Economic System Case Study: WaterSystem NationalSecurity Case Study: 3G SAF &HUNTER Climate Change Defence Smart & Resilient SocialSystem Nation in Nature Growing NaturalCapital ConcludingRemarks Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute(TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr 2021  SIT Internal Linear Process of Project Planning and Implementation has been displaced by Dynamic Iterative and ConcurrentProcesses Operation Requirements Operation Requirements Technology Iteration Planning Technology Planning Iteration Implementation Implementation Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute(TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr 2021  SIT Internal Lessons on Systems Engineering learnt by Trial and Error in Singapore Local optimal solutions are usually globally sub-optimal solutions Political, social, economic boundaries determine the solutions available Boundaries change with time, the system must evolve to meet new needs Challenge: to design and develop systems that will meet unknown future needs Design robust systems instead of optimal systems Satisficing instead of optimizing ! Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute(TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr 2021  SIT Internal Timeless Model of Singapore as a Dynamic System People Government National Security Economic Confidence in Development Stability Singapore Social Development Labour Racial Harmony Harmony Clean + Corruption-free Society “to build a democratic society based on justice and equality so as to achieve happiness, prosperity and progress for our nation.” Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute(TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr 2021  SIT Internal Our Physical Space KARMAN LINE Air Space 100 Km 674 726 Sea Land Happy Children Healthy Babies Fighting Fit Soldiers Territory ~ 1,400 sq. km Happy Marriages Our Future 6378 km Happy & Healthy Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute(TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr 2021  SIT Internal Territory:Singapore has a territory of 1,400 sq. km 76 6 Areas shaded in pink indicate howmuch 57 has been reclaimed around 2015. 8 Areas in red show possible plans for future reclamation by 2030 Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute (TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr2021  SIT Internal Current Total Fertility Rate of 1.2 + 25K New Citizens => 4 Million Citizens at Steady State Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute (TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr2021  SIT Internal 50 Years 1960 Life Expectancy 2016 Life Expectancy 62.9 years 82.9 years Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute (TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr2021  SIT Internal Technopreneurship 21 (T21) launched in April 1999 with a $1B Technopreneurship Investment Fund to build a conducive environment to support start-ups Industry sophistication & value-add The T21 Framework of Innovation Intensive Education, Financing, Facilities & Regulations designed to reinforce,promote & sustain a culture of creativity Knowledge & innovation Intensive Technology Intensive Capital Intensive Skills Intensive Cannot Survive as a Copy Cat Labour Intensive 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute (TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr2021  SIT SITSIT Internal InIntteerrnnalal Dr Tony Tan, Chairman NRF, led the transformation of our economy through Research, Innovation & Enterpriseinitiatives $25 B In 2005, the Ministerial $19 Committee for R&D led by DPM B Dr Tony Tan recommended: Transformation of our $16 economy throughRI&E B To raise R&Dspending to 3% by 2010 $13 Cabinet agreed and B Established RIEC Dr Tony Tan chaired by PM Chairman and NRF chaired by Dr Tony Tan NRF Approved budgetof 2006 to 2011 $13B for 2006-2010 $6B $4B $2B 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2 3 Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute (TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr2021  SIT Internal Water Scarcity is an Existential Threat Vision: To capture every drop of rain In 1971, set up the Water Planning Unit. First Water Master Plan was ready in 1972 The great water clean-up: “It should be a way of life to keep the water clean, to keep every stream, every culvert, every rivulet free from unnecessary pollution.” Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute (TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr2021  SIT SITSIT Internal InIntteerrnnalal Singapore’s All-Round ✓ Increasing Development ✓ Increasing willingness to Tan Gee understanding of water accept social Paw ✓ Economic development conservationmessages responsibility for keeping Singapore’s in order to fund the building and acceptance of it waters clean foremost of water infrastructure technology Education Social systems Economic engineer Development Development Tan Gee Paw was one of the team of three in the Water Planning Unit that formulated the 1972 masterplan for Sustainable Water Resources Singapore’s strategy to expand its water resources Effective Water Specific Strategies Water Pollution Water Control Pricing ✓ Protection of water ✓ Reflect the sources makingthem scarcity valueof suitable for potable water use Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’spresentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute(TDSI) seminar on 7 Apr2021  SIT Internal NEWater is our solution for drought Celebrating the Breakthrough in Water Security with a Toast with NEWater (Recycled Water) at National Day Parade 2002 Achieved water security and sustainability with vision, boldness, tenacity and technology Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute (TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr2021 SIT Internal Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute (TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr2021  SIT Internal Prof Khoo Teng Chye, System Architect of ABC Programme “…ABC Waters goes beyond just conventional engineering, to create “nature based solutions” that requires a systems approach that cuts across water engineers, urban planners, ecologist, landscape architects, sociologists to make it happen.” Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute (TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr2021  SIT Internal National Security Economic Confidence in Development Stability Singapore Social Development Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute (TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr2021  SIT Internal One of the missions of the SAF is to restore the supply of water to Singapore should there be a disruption to the system DPM Mahathir in 1978 accepted PM Lee Kuan Yew’s invitation to Singapore for dialogue. One of the questions he asked was what were we building the SAF (Singapore Armed Forces) for: Page 277 From Third World TO First The Singapore Story: 1965- 2000 Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute (TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr2021  SIT Internal THREATS o Military o Terror o Digital o Water o Energy o Food o Pandemic THREAT Military defence requires:- o Citizens (morally, physically & mentally strong) o Leaders o Money ($15B) o Climate o Land (19% of ourland) Change Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute (TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr2021  SIT Internal Leaders of Transformation MIL CAP 3 GSAF 2 GSAF Disruptive Change & Jump in A-4 => F-16 C/D Capability MGB =>Frigate AMX-13 => Leopard o Revolution in Military Affairs is Rare o Very challenging to break the 10 20 YEARS 30 40 mold to build new forces and command & staff organizations Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute (TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr2021  SIT Internal Creating the “Capacity to Change” One Dozen Young Officers ~ $150m for Greatest Challenge: Forging a Shared Vision of Future Warfare T R A D OC Doctrine Development & Training are central to transformation Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute(TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr 2021  SIT Internal Modelling & Simulation to build common understanding & shared vision Some Lessons learnt in the transformation to 3G SAF Top level Leadership Future leaders Systems Engineering Approach Doctrine development & Unit training Large scale deployment & operational trainingexercises Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute (TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr 2021  SIT Internal Using Technology to Overcome Limitation of SmallPopulation the HUNTER story Information, Automation & Precision 9th Land Platform Technology Seminar 2000 Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute (TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr2021  SIT Internal Sea tack AV/ ssil NGAFV NGAFV NGAFV NGAFV NGAFV  SIT Internal Conceptualization of NGAFV for the Integrated Warfare of the Future Based on Digitalization Automation Information Precision Fire Protection Sustainability Mobility Designed for the NS men 20 years into the future and service life of 30 years => 50 years planning horizon Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek DefenceSystems Institute(TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr2021  SIT Internal Future Warriors Will Fight in Physical Space & in CyberSpace Leverage on the skills of our young will require fundamental changes to the design of our weapon systems Need to project 20 years into the future the capabilities of our NSF Skill for multi-tasking and split second decisions will be acquired through playing games Our Young are more Skillful in Playing Games Than in Driving a Car or Riding a Motor Cycle  SIT Internal 4th Aug2020 39 Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute (TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr2021  SIT Internal From Concept to Reality: Digital Land Combat My Dream Advanced Battle Station for NGAFV Was the Cockpit of F35 (JSF) Fighter Aircraft Interact with the Physical World Through Screens Throttle Side Grip Stick Grip Control Handle Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute (TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr2021  SIT Internal Checking out the Combat Cockpit … HUNTER is the fruit of a visionary advanced fighting concept for our Army by then-CDS Prof. Lui. It was initiated in the year 2001 when I was the Head Force Plan in General-Staff HQ. The progressive development and eventual production is a testament of the strong partnership of the Army, DSTA, DSO, ST Engineering and local SMEs. Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute (TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr2021  SIT Internal HUNTER is a Case Study of the Application of Conception to RetirementLife Cycle Management Methodology HUNTER is not just a vehicle but a militarycombat force that grows more capable withtime DSTA ARMY DSO ST Eng HUNTER Ecosystem Integrates Land People & Organizations Systems& & Over Time SMEs Inspiration, Perspiration, Patience & Perseverance Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute (TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr2021  SIT Internal HUNTER Can Defeat Attack Helicopters and Main Battle Tanks with Information + Precision + Automation & Networks Anti- Helicopter Missile Search & Attack UAV/Missile NGAFV NGAFV NGAFV NGAFV Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute (TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr2021  SIT Internal National Security Economic Confidence in Development Stability Singapore Social Development Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute (TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr2021  SIT Internal Immovable Object vs Irresistable Force Created by Peter Ho Former Head Civil Service 14th June 2012 Need to Know o The ideological curse Whole-of- Government o The stumbling block toenlightenment Source: Professor Lui Pao Chuen’s presentation to Temasek Defence Systems Institute (TDSI) Seminar on 7 Apr2021  SIT Internal Scope: 1. Introduction to Module Plans 2. Origin of Systems Engineering 3. Application of Large-Scale Systems Engineering in Singapore 4. Discussion  SIT Internal QUESTIONS?